Executive branch San Marino, in 35 editions.

Great and General Council:
last held 29 May 1988 (next to be held by NA May 1993); results - percent of
vote by party NA; seats - (60 total) DCS 27, PCS 18, PSU 8, PSS 7
two captains regent, Congress of State (cabinet); real executive power is
wielded by the secretary of state for foreign affairs and the secretary of
state for internal affairs
Co-Chiefs of State:
Captain Regent Edda CETCOLI Patricia BUSIGNANI and Captain Regent Marino RICCARDI (since 1 Salvatore TONELLI (for
October 1991) the period 1 April - 30 September 1993)
Head of Government:
Secretary of State Gabriele GATTI (since July 1986)
Great and General Council:
last held 29 May 1988 (next to be held by NA May 1993); results - percent of
vote by party NA; seats - (60 total) DCS 27, PCS 18, PSU 8, PSS 7

co-chiefs of state: Captain Regent Marino BOLLINI Piero Paolo GASPERONI and Captain Regent
Settimio LONFERNINI Regent Pietro BUGLI (for the period 1 April 1995-30 April-30 September 1995) 1996) were
elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term
head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political
Affairs Gabriele GATTI (since NA July
1986) was elected for a
five-year term by the Great and General Council; election last held
NA 1993 (next to be held NA 1998)
cabinet: Congress of State was elected for a five-year term by the
Great and General Council
note: the popularly elected parliament (Great and General Council)
selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (Co-Chiefs
(Co-Chiefs of State) for a six-month period; they preside over
meetings of the
Great and General Council and its cabinet (Congress
of State) which
has ten other members, all selected by the Great and
General Council;
assisting the Captains Regent are three Secretaries
of State - Foreign
Affairs, Internal Affairs, and Finance - and
several additional
secretaries; the Secretary of State for Foreign
Affairs has come to
assume assumed many of the prerogatives of a prime minister

co-chiefs chief of state: co-chiefs of state Captain Regent Piero Paolo
GASPERONI and Captain
Regent Pietro BUGLI (for the period 1 April-30
September 1996) were
elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term
head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political
Affairs Gabriele GATTI (since NA July 1986) was
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council
for a
five-year term
elections : co-chiefs of state (captain regents) elected by the Great
and General Council; Council for a six-month term; election last held
NA 1993 March
1996 (next to be held NA 1998)
cabinet: Congress September 1996); secretary of State was elected state for a five-year term
foreign and political affairs elected by the
Great and General Council
for a five-year term; election last held NA 1993 (next to be held NA
1998)
election results: Giancarlo VENTURINI and Maurizio RATTINI elected
captain regents; percent of legislative vote - NA; Gabriele GATTI
elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent
of legislative vote - NA
note: the popularly elected parliament (Great and General Council)
selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent
(Co-Chiefs
of State) for a six-month period; they preside over
meetings of the
Great and General Council and its cabinet (Congress
of State) which
has ten other members, all selected by the Great and
General Council;
assisting the Captains Regent are three Secretaries
of State - Foreign
Affairs, Internal Affairs, and Finance - and
several additional
secretaries; the Secretary of State for Foreign
Affairs has assumed
many of the prerogatives of a prime minister

chief of state: co-chiefs of state Captain Regent Piero Paolo
GASPERONI Loris FRANCINI and
Captain Regent Pietro BUGLI Alberto CECCHETTI (for the period 1 April-30
September 1996)
1998)
head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political
Affairs Gabriele GATTI (since NA July 1986)
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council
for a five-year term
elections : elections: co-chiefs of state (captain regents) elected by the Great
and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA March
1996 1998 (next to be held NA September 1996); 1998); secretary of state for
foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council
for a five-year term; election last held NA 1993 (next to be held NA
June 1998)
election results: Giancarlo VENTURINI Loris FRANCINI and Maurizio RATTINI Alberto CECCHETTI elected
captain
regents; percent of legislative vote - NA; vote-NA; Gabriele GATTI
elected
secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent
of
legislative vote - NA vote-NA
note: the popularly elected parliament (Great and General Council)
selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (Co-Chiefs
of State) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the
Great and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State) which
has ten other members, all selected by the Great and General Council;
assisting the Captains Regent are three Secretaries of State - Foreign State-Foreign
Affairs, Internal Affairs, and Finance - and Finance-and several additional
secretaries; the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs has assumed
many of the prerogatives of a prime minister

chief of state: co-chiefs cochiefs of state Captain Regent Loris FRANCINI Pietro BERTI and
Captain Regent Alberto CECCHETTI Paolo BOLLINI (for the period 1 April-30 September October 1998-31 March
1998) 1999)
head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political
Affairs Gabriele GATTI (since NA July 1986)
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council
for a five-year term
elections: co-chiefs cochiefs of state (captain regents) elected by the Great
and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA March
September 1998 (next to be held NA September 1998); March 1999); secretary of state for
for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council
Council for a five-year term; election last held NA 1993 June 1998 (next
to be held NA
June 1998) 2003)
election results: Loris FRANCINI Pietro BERTI and Alberto CECCHETTI Paolo BOLLINI elected captain
regents; percent of legislative vote-NA; vote--NA; Gabriele GATTI elected reelected
secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of
legislative vote-NA vote--NA
note: the popularly elected parliament (Great and General Council)
selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (Co-Chiefs (cochiefs
of State) state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the
Great and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State) which
has ten other members, all selected by the Great and General Council;
Council; assisting the Captains Regent captains regent are three Secretaries secretaries of State-Foreign
state--Foreign Affairs, Internal Affairs, and Finance-and Finance--and several additional
additional secretaries; the Secretary secretary of State state for Foreign Affairs
has assumed
many of the prerogatives of a prime minister

chief of state: cochiefs of state Captain Regent Pietro BERTI Loris FRANCINI and
Captain Regent Paolo BOLLINI Alberto CECCHETTI (for the period 1 October 1998-31 March
April 1999-30 September 1999)
head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political
Affairs Gabriele GATTI (since NA July 1986)
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council
for a five-year term
elections: cochiefs of state (captain regents) elected by the Great
and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA
September 1998 1999 (next to be held NA March 1999); 2000); secretary of state
for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General
Council for a five-year term; election last held NA June 1998 (next
to be held NA June 2003)
election results: Pietro BERTI Loris FRANCINI and Paolo BOLLINI Alberto CECCETTI elected captain
regents; percent of legislative vote--NA; vote - NA; Gabriele GATTI reelected
secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of
legislative vote--NA vote - NA
note: the popularly elected parliament (Great (Grand and General Council)
selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs
of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the
Great Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State) which
has ten other members, all selected by the Great Grand and General
Council; assisting the captains regent are three secretaries of
state--Foreign state - Foreign Affairs, Internal Affairs, and Finance--and Finance - and several
additional secretaries; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs
has assumed many of the prerogatives of a prime minister

chief of state: cochiefs of state Captain Regent Loris FRANCINI Luigi LONFERNINI and Captain Regent Alberto CECCHETTI Fabio BERARDI (for the period 1 April 1999-30 2001-30 September 1999)
2001) head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Gabriele GATTI (since NA July 1986)
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term
elections: cochiefs of state (captain regents) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA September 1999 March 2001 (next to be held NA March 2000); September 2001); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held NA June 1998 (next to be held NA June 2003)
election results: Loris FRANCINI Luigi LONFERNINI and Alberto CECCETTI Fabio BERARDI elected captain regents; percent of legislative vote - NA; Gabriele GATTI reelected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA
note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State) which has ten other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are three secretaries of state - Foreign Affairs, Internal Affairs, and Finance - and several additional secretaries; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed many of the prerogatives of a prime minister

chief of state: cochiefs of state Captain Regent Luigi LONFERNINI Giuseppe Maria MORGANTI and Captain Regent Fabio BERARDI Mauro CHIARUZZI (for the period 1 April 2001-30 September 2001) head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Gabriele GATTI (since NA July 1986) cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term October 2002-31 March 2003)
elections: cochiefs of state (captain regents) (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA March 2001 September 2002 (next to be held NA September 2001); April 2003); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held NA June 1998 17 December 2002 (next to be held NA June 2003) election results: Luigi LONFERNINI and Fabio BERARDI elected captain regents; percent of legislative vote - NA; Gabriele GATTI reelected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA 2007)
note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State) which has ten other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are three ten secretaries of state - Foreign Affairs, Internal Affairs, and Finance - and several additional secretaries; state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed many some of the prerogatives of a prime minister
election results: Giuseppe Maria MORGANTI and Mauro CHIARUZZI reelected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA%; Fiorenzo STOLFI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - 40%
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term
head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fiorenzo STOLFI (since 17 December 2002)

chief of state: cochiefs of state Captain Regent Giuseppe Maria MORGANTI Giovanni LONFERNINI and Captain Regent Mauro CHIARUZZI Valeria CIAVATTA (for the period 1 October 2002-31 2003-31 March 2003) 2004)
elections: cochiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA September 2002 2003 (next to be held NA April 2003); March 2004); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held 17 December 2002 (next to be held NA June 2007)
note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State) State), which has ten 10 other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are ten 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some of the prerogatives of a prime minister
election results: Giuseppe Maria MORGANTI Giovanni LONFERNINI and Mauro CHIARUZZI reelected Valeria CIAVATTA elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA%; Fiorenzo STOLFI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - 40%
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term
head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fiorenzo STOLFI (since 17 December 2002)

chief of state: cochiefs of state Captain Regent Giovanni LONFERNINI Giuseppe ARZILLI and Captain Regent Valeria CIAVATTA Roberto RASCHI (for the period 1 October 2003-31 2004-31 March 2004) 2005)
head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fabio BERARDI (15 December 2003)
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term
elections: cochiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA September 2003 2004 (next to be held NA March 2004); 2005); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held 17 13 December 2002 2003 (next to be held NA June 2007) 2006 when general elections are scheduled)
election results: Giuseppe ARZILLI and Roberto RASCHI elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA%; Fabio BERARDI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA%
note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some of the prerogatives of a prime minister
election results: Giovanni LONFERNINI and Valeria CIAVATTA elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA%; Fiorenzo STOLFI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - 40%
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term
head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fiorenzo STOLFI (since 17 December 2002)

chief of state: cochiefs of state Captain Regent Giuseppe ARZILLI Claudio MUCCIOLI and Captain Regent Roberto RASCHI Antonello BACCIOCHI (for the period 1 October 2004-31 2005 - 31 March 2005) 2006)
head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fabio BERARDI (15 December 2003)
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term
elections: cochiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA September 2004 2005 (next to be held March 2005); 2006); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held 13 December 2003 (next to be held June 2006 when general elections are scheduled)
election results: Giuseppe ARZILLI Claudio MUCCIOLI and Roberto RASCHI Antonello BACCIOCHI elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA%; Fabio BERARDI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA%
note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some of the prerogatives of a prime minister

chief of state: cochiefs Cochiefs of state State Captain Regent Claudio MUCCIOLI Antonio CARATTONI and Captain Regent Antonello BACCIOCHI Roberto GIORGETTI (for the period 1 October 2005 - 31 2006-31 March 2006) 2007)
head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fabio BERARDI (15 December 2003) Fiorenzo STOLFI (since 27 July 2006)
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term
elections: cochiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA in September 2005 2006 (next to be held March 2006); 2007); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held 13 December 2003 (next to be held June 2006 when general elections are scheduled) NA)
election results: Claudio MUCCIOLI Antonio CARATTONI and Antonello BACCIOCHI Roberto GIORGETTI elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA%; NA; Fabio BERARDI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA% NA
note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some of the prerogatives of a prime minister

chief of state: Cochiefs of State Captain Regent Antonio CARATTONI Mirko TOMASSONI and Captain Regent Roberto GIORGETTI Alberto SELVA (for the period 1 October 2006-31 2007-31 March 2007) 2008)
head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fiorenzo STOLFI (since 27 July 2006)
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term
elections: cochiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held in September 2006 2007 (next to be held in March 2007); 2008); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held 13 December 2003 27 July 2006 (next to be held NA) by 2011)
election results: Antonio CARATTONI Mirko TOMASSONI and Roberto GIORGETTI Alberto SELVA elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA; Fabio BERARDI Fiorenzo STOLFI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA
note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs (co-chiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some of the prerogatives of a prime minister ministerial roles

chief of state: Cochiefs Co-chiefs of State Captain Regent Mirko TOMASSONI Ernesto BENEDETTINI and Captain Regent Alberto SELVA Assunta MELONI (for the period 1 October 2007-31 October-31 March 2008) 2009)
head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fiorenzo STOLFI (since 27 July 2006)
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term
elections: cochiefs co-chiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held in September 2007 (next to be held in March 2008); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held 27 July 2006 (next to be held by 2011)
election results: Mirko TOMASSONI Ernesto BENEDETTINI and Alberto SELVA Assunta MELONI elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA; Fiorenzo STOLFI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA
note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (co-chiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some prime ministerial roles

chief of state:
Co-chiefs of State Captain Regent Ernesto BENEDETTINI Francesco MUSSONI and Captain Regent Assunta MELONI Stefano PALMIERI (for the period 1 October-31 October 2009-31 March 2009) 2010)
head of government:
Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fiorenzo STOLFI Antonella MULARONI (since 27 July 2006) 3 December 2008)
cabinet:
Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term
elections:
co-chiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held in September 2007 2009 (next to be held in March 2008); 2010); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held 27 July 2006 9 November 2008 (next to be held by 2011) 2013)
election results: Ernesto BENEDETTINI
Francesco MUSSONI and Assunta MELONI Stefano PALMIERI elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA; Fiorenzo STOLFI Antonella MULARONI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA
note:
the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (co-chiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some prime ministerial roles

chief of state:
Co-chiefs of State Captain Regent Giovanni Francesco MUSSONI UGOLINI and Captain Regent Stefano PALMIERI Andrea ZAFFERANI (for the period 1 October 2009-31 March 2010) 2010-1 April 2011)
head of government:
Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Antonella MULARONI (since 3 December 2008)
cabinet:
Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
co-chiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held in September 2009 (next to be held in March 2010); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held on 9 November 2008 (next to be held by 2013)
election results:
Francesco MUSSONI and Stefano PALMIERI elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA; Antonella MULARONI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA
note:
the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (co-chiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other members, all are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some prime ministerial roles

chief of state:
Co-chiefs of State Captain Regent Giovanni Francesco UGOLINI Gabrielle GATTI and Captain Regent Andrea ZAFFERANI Matteo FIORINI (for the period 1 October 2010-1 2011-1 April 2011) 2012)
head of government:
Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Antonella MULARONI (since 3 December 2008)
cabinet:
Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
co-chiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held in September 2009 2010 (next to be held in March 2010); 2011); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held on 9 November 2008 (next to be held by 2013)
election results:
Giovanni Francesco MUSSONI UGOLINI and Stefano PALMIERI Andrea ZAFFERANI elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA; Antonella MULARONI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA
note:
the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (co-chiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other members, all are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some prime ministerial roles

chief of state:
Co-chiefs of State Captain Regent Gabrielle GATTI Teodoro LONFERNINI and Captain Regent Matteo FIORINI Denise GRONZETTI (for the period 1 October 2011-1 2012-1 April 2012) 2013)
head of government:
Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Antonella MULARONI (since 3 December 2008)
cabinet:
Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
co-chiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great Grand and General Council for a six-month term; election last held in September 2010 17 Septermber 2012 (next to be held in March 2011); 2013); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great Grand and General Council for a five-year term; election last held on 9 November 2008 (next to be held by 2013)
election results:
Giovanni Francesco UGOLINI Teodoro LONFERNINI and Andrea ZAFFERANI Denise BRONZETTI elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA; Antonella MULARONI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA
note:
the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (co-chiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other members, all are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some prime ministerial roles

chief of state:
Co-chiefs of State Captain Regent Teodoro LONFERNINI Anna Maria MUCCIOLI and Captain Regent Denise GRONZETTI Gian Carlo CAPICCHIONI (for the period 1 October 2012-1 2013-1 April 2013) 2014)
head of government:
Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Antonella MULARONI Pasquale VALENTINI (since 3 5 December 2008) 2012)
cabinet:
Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
co-chiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Grand and General Council for a six-month term; election last held in on 17 Septermber 2012 September 2013 (next to be held in March 2013); 2014); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Grand and General Council for a five-year term; election last held on 9 11 November 2008 2012 (next to be held by 2013) November 2017)
election results:
Teodoro LONFERNINI Anna Maria MUCCIOLI and Denise BRONZETTI Gian Carlo CAPICCHIONI elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA; Antonella MULARONI Pasquale VALENTINI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA
note:
the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent captains regent (co-chiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 nine other members, all are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 nine secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some prime ministerial roles

chief of state:
Co-chiefs of State Captain Regent Anna Maria MUCCIOLI Valeria CIAVATTA and Captain Regent Gian Carlo CAPICCHIONI Luca BECCARI (for the period 1 April-1 October 2013-1 April 2014)
head of government:
Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Pasquale VALENTINI (since 5 December 2012)
cabinet:
Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
co-chiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Grand and General Council for a six-month term; election last held on 17 September 2013 in March 2014 (next to be held in March Septermber 2014); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Grand and General Council for a five-year term; election last held on 11 November 2012 (next to be held by November 2017)
election results:
Anna Maria MUCCIOLI and Gian Carlo CAPICCHIONI elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA; Pasquale VALENTINI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA
note:
the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the captains regent (co-chiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has nine other members, all are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are nine secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some prime ministerial roles

chief of state:
Co-chiefs co-chiefs of State state Captain Regent Valeria CIAVATTA Lorella STEFANELLI and Captain Regent Luca BECCARI Nicola RENZI (for the period 1 April-1 October 2014) 2015 - 1 April 2016)
head of government:
Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Pasquale VALENTINI (since 5 December 2012)
cabinet:
Congress of State elected by the Great Grand and General Council for a five-year term
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elections:
elections/appointments: co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a six-month single 6-month term; election last held in March 2014 September 2015 (next to be held in Septermber 2014); March 2016); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a five-year single 5-year term; election last held on 11 November 2012 (next to be held by November 2017)
election results:
Anna Maria MUCCIOLI Lorella STEFANELLI (PDCS) and Gian Carlo CAPICCHIONI Nicola RENZI (AP) elected captains regent; percent of legislative Grand and General Council vote - NA; Pasquale VALENTINI (PDCS) elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative Grand and General Council vote - NA
note:
the popularly directly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two 2 of its members to serve as the captains regent (co-chiefs of state) for a six-month 6-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has nine 9 other members, all are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are nine 9 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles

chief of state: co-chiefs of state Captain Regent Lorella STEFANELLI Marino RICCARDI and Captain Regent Nicola RENZI Fabio BERARDI (for the period 1 October 2015 2016 - 1 April 2016) 2017)
head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Pasquale VALENTINI (since 5 December 2012)
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council
elections/appointments: co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; election last held in September 2015 2016 (next to be held in March 2016); 2017); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term; election last held on 11 November 2012 (next to be held by November 2017)
election results: Lorella STEFANELLI (PDCS) Marino RICCARDI (PSD) and Nicola RENZI (AP) Fabio BERARDI (PDCS) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA; Pasquale VALENTINI (PDCS) elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA
note: the directly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects 2 of its members to serve as the captains regent (co-chiefs of state) for a 6-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 9 other members, all are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 9 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles

chief of state: co-chiefs of state Captain Regent Marino RICCARDI Mateo FIORINI and Captain Regent Fabio BERARDI Enrico CARATTONI (for the period 1 October 2016 2017 - 1 April 2017) 2018)
head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Pasquale VALENTINI Nicola RENZI (since 5 27 December 2012) 2016)
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council
elections/appointments: co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; election last held in September 2016 2017 (next to be held in March 2017); 2018); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term; election last held on 11 November 2012 (next to be held by November 2017)
election results: Marino RICCARDI (PSD) Mateo FIORINI (Popular Alliance) and Fabio BERARDI (PDCS) Enrico CARATTONI (SSD) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA; Pasquale VALENTINI (PDCS) elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA
note: the directly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects 2 of its members to serve as the captains regent (co-chiefs of state) for a 6-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 9 other members, all members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 9 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles

chief of state: co-chiefs of state Captain Regent Mateo FIORINI Stefano PALMIERI and Captain Regent Enrico CARATTONI Matteo CIACCI (for the period 1 October 2017 April 2018 - 1 April October 2018)
head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Nicola RENZI (since 27 December 2016)
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council
elections/appointments: co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; election last held in September 2017 March 2018 (next to be held in March September 2018); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term; election last held on 11 November 2012 4 December 2016 (next to be held by November 2017) 2021)
election results: Mateo FIORINI (Popular Alliance) Stefano PALMIERI (RF) and Enrico CARATTONI (SSD) Matteo CIACCI (Civic 10) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA; Pasquale VALENTINI (PDCS) elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA
note: the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 9 other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 9 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles

chief of state: co-chiefs of state Captain Regent Stefano PALMIERI Luca BOSCHI and Captain Regent Matteo CIACCI Mariella MULARONI (for the period 1 April 2018 - 1 October 2018) 2019 - 31 March 2020)
head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Nicola RENZI (since 27 December 2016)
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council
elections/appointments: co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; election last held in March 2018 September 2019 (next to be held in September 2018); March 2020); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term; election last held on 4 December 2016 (next to be held by November 2021)
election results: Stefano PALMIERI (RF) and Matteo CIACCI Luca BOSCHI (Civic 10) and Mariella MULARONI (Christian Democrat) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA; Pasquale VALENTINI (PDCS) elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA
note: the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 9 7 other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 9 7 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles

chief of state: co-chiefs of state Captain Regent Luca BOSCHI Alessandro CARDELLI and Captain Regent Mariella MULARONI Mirko DOLCINI (for the period 1 October 2019 2020 - 31 March 2020) 2021)
head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Nicola RENZI Luca BECCARI (since 27 December 2016) 8 January 2020)
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council
elections/appointments: co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; election last held in September 2019 March 2020 (next to be held in March September 2020); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term; election last held on 4 28 December 2016 2019 (next to be held by November 2021) 2024)
election results: Luca BOSCHI (Civic 10) Alessandro MANCINI (PSD) and Mariella MULARONI (Christian Democrat) Grazia ZAFFERANI (RETE Movement) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA; Pasquale VALENTINI Luca BECCARI (PDCS) elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA
note: the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 7 other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 7 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles

chief of state: co-chiefs of state Captain Regent Alessandro CARDELLI Francesco MUSSONI and Captain Regent Mirko DOLCINI Giacomo SIMONCINI (for the period 1 October 2020 2021 - 31 March 2021) 1 April 2022)
head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Luca BECCARI (since 8 January 2020)
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council
elections/appointments: co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; election last held in March 2020 September 2021 (next to be held in September 2020); March 2022); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term; election last held on 28 December 2019 (next to be held by November 2024)
election results: Alessandro MANCINI (PSD) Francesco MUSSONI (PDCS) and Grazia ZAFFERANI (RETE Movement) Giacomo SIMONCINI (We for the Republic) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA; Luca BECCARI (PDCS) elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA
note: the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 7 other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 7 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles

chief of state: co-chiefs of state Captain Regent Francesco MUSSONI Maria Luisa BERTI and Captain Regent Giacomo SIMONCINI Manuel CIAVATTA (for the period 1 October 2021 2022 - 1 April 2022) 2023)
head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Luca BECCARI (since 8 January 2020)
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council
elections/appointments: co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; election last held in September 2021 2022 (next to be held in March 2022); 2023); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term; election last held on 28 December 2019 (next to be held by November 2024)
election results: Francesco MUSSONI (PDCS) Maria Luisa BERTI and Giacomo SIMONCINI (We for the Republic) Manuel CIAVATTA elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA; Luca BECCARI (PDCS) elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA
note: the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 7 other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 7 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles

chief of state: co-chiefs of state Captain Regent Maria Luisa BERTI Alessandro SCARANO and Captain Manuel CIAVATTA Adele TONNINI (for the period 1 October 2022 April 2023 - 1 April October 2023)
head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Luca BECCARI (since 8 January 2020)
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council
elections/appointments: co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; election last held in September 2022 (next to be held in March 2023); 2023; secretary of state for foreign and political affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term; election last held on 28 December 2019 (next to be held by November 2024)
election results: Maria Luisa BERTI Alessandro SCARANO and Manuel CIAVATTA Adele TONNINI elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA; Luca BECCARI (PDCS) elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA
note: the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 7 other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 7 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles

chief of state: co-chiefs of state Captain Captains Regent Alessandro SCARANO Francesca CIVERCHIA and Adele TONNINI Dalibor RICCARDI (for the period 1 April 2023 - 1 October 2023) 2024 - 30 March 2025)
head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Luca BECCARI (since 8 January 2020)
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council
elections/appointments: co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; election last held on 1 October 2024 (next to be held in March 2023; secretary 2025); Secretary of state State for foreign Foreign and political affairs Political Affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term; election last held on 28 December 2019 (next to be held by November 2024)
election results: October 2024: Francesca CIVERCHIA (PDCS) and Dalibor RICCARDI (Free San Marino) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA
March 2024: Alessandro SCARANO ROSSI (Demos) and Adele TONNINI Milena GASPERONI (We for the Republic) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA; NA
September 2023: Filippo TAMAGNINI and Gaetano TROINA elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA
2019: Luca BECCARI (PDCS) elected secretary Secretary of state State for foreign Foreign and political affairs; Political Affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA
note: the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 7 seven other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 7 seven secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles

chief of state: co-chiefs of state Captains Regent Francesca CIVERCHIA Matteo ROSSI and Dalibor RICCARDI Lorenzo BUGLI (for the period 1 October 2024 2025 - 30 31 March 2025) 2026)
head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Luca BECCARI (since 8 January 2020)
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council
elections/appointments: election/appointment process: co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; election last held on 1 October 2024 (next to be held in March 2025); Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term; term
most recent election last held on date: co-chiefs of state: 1 April 2025
secretary of state: 28 December 2019
election results: October 2024: Francesca CIVERCHIA (PDCS) and Dalibor RICCARDI (Free San Marino) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA
March 2024: Alessandro ROSSI (Demos) 2025 : Denise BRONZETTI (Reformist Alliance) and Milena GASPERONI (We for the Republic) Italo RIGHI (Christian Democrat) elected captains regent; regent: percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA
September 2023: Filippo TAMAGNINI 2024 : Francesca CIVERCHIA (PDCS) and Gaetano TROINA Dalibor RICCARDI (Free San Marino) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA
2019: Luca BECCARI (PDCS) elected Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA
expected date of next election: co-chiefs of state: September 2025
note: the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has seven other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are seven secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles