San Marino

• Mediterranean;
• mild to cool winters;
• warm, sunny summers

• landlocked;
• an enclave of (completely surrounded by) Italy;
• smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco;
• dominated by the Apennine Mountains

noun:

Sammarinese (singular and plural)

adjective:

Sammarinese

total:

46.3 years (2025 est.)

male:

44.5 years

female:

47.4 years

at birth:

1.09 male(s)/female

0-14 years:

1.1 male(s)/female

15-64 years:

0.94 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.83 male(s)/female

total population:

0.93 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

total:

6.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

male:

7.4 deaths/1,000 live births

female:

5 deaths/1,000 live births

total population:

84.2 years (2024 est.)

male:

81.7 years

female:

87 years

• air pollution;
• urbanization decreasing rural farmlands;
• water shortage

party to:

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:

Air Pollution

• Mediterranean;
• mild to cool winters;
• warm, sunny summers

urban population:

97.8% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization:

0.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

municipal solid waste generated annually:

17,200 tons (2024 est.)

percent of municipal solid waste recycled:

45.1% (2016 est.)

conventional long form:

Republic of San Marino

conventional short form:

San Marino

local long form:

Repubblica di San Marino

local short form:

San Marino

etymology:

named after Saint MARINUS, who founded a monastic settlement on Monte Titano in the early 4th century

name:

San Marino (city)

geographic coordinates:

43 56 N, 12 25 E

time difference:

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time:

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology:

named after Saint MARINUS, who founded a monastic settlement on Monte Titano in the early 4th century

• 9 municipalities ( castelli , singular - castello );
• Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle

history:

San Marino’s principal legislative instruments consist of old customs ( antiche consuetudini ), the Statutory Laws of San Marino (Leges Statutae Sancti Marini), old statutes ( antichi statute ) from the1600s, Brief Notes on the Constitutional Order and Institutional Organs of the Republic of San Marino (Brevi Cenni sull’Ordinamento Costituzionale e gli Organi Istituzionali della Repubblica di San Marino) and successive legislation, chief among them is the Declaration of the Rights of Citizens and Fundamental Principles of the San Marino Legal Order (Dichiarazione dei Diritti dei Cittadini e dei Principi Fondamentali dell’Ordinamento Sammarinese), approved 8 July 1974

amendment process:

• proposed by the Great and General Council;
• passage requires two-thirds majority Council vote;
• Council passage by absolute majority vote also requires passage in a referendum

citizenship by birth:

no

citizenship by descent only:

at least one parent must be a citizen of San Marino

dual citizenship recognized:

no

residency requirement for naturalization:

30 years

legislature name:

Great and General Council (Consiglio grande e generale)

legislative structure:

unicameral

number of seats:

60 (all directly elected)

electoral system:

proportional representation

scope of elections:

full renewal

term in office:

5 years

most recent election date:

6/9/2024

parties elected and seats per party:

• Christian Democratic Party of San Marino (PDCS) (22);
• Free (Libera) – Socialist Party (PS) (10);
• Future Republic (RF) (8);
• Party of Socialists and Democrats (PSD) (8);
• Tomorrow - Motus Liberi (5);
• Reformist Alliance (AR) (4);
• R.E.T.E. Citizens' Movement (3)

percentage of women in chamber:

35%

expected date of next election:

June 2029

highest court(s):

Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII (consists of 12 members)

judge selection and term of office:

judges elected by the Grand and General Council from among its own to serve 5-year terms

subordinate courts:

• first instance and first appeal criminal, administrative, and civil courts;
• Court for the Trust and Trustee Relations;
• justices of the peace or conciliatory judges

note: the College of Guarantors for the Constitutionality and General Norms functions as San Marino's constitutional court

• Domani - Modus Liberi or DML
• Free San Marino (Libera San Marino) or Libera
• Future Republic or RF
• Party of Socialists and Democrats or PSD
• Reformist Alliance or AR
• RETE Movement
• Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party or PDCS
• Socialist Party or PS
• Tomorrow in Movement coalition (includes RETE Movement, DML)

chief of mission:

Ambassador Damiano BELEFFI (since 21 July 2017); note - also Permanent Representative to the UN

chancery:

327 E 50th Street, New York, NY 10022

telephone:

[1] (212) 751-1234

FAX:

[1] (212) 751-1436

email address and website:

[email protected]; Republic of San Marino Permanent Mission to the United Nations

embassy:

• the United States does not have an Embassy in San Marino;
• the US Ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino, and the US Consulate General in Florence maintains day-to-day ties

description:

• two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue, with the national coat of arms in the center;
• the main colors come from the shield on the coat of arms, which features three white towers on mountain peaks on a blue field;
• a wreath and a crown are around the shield, above a scroll with the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)

meaning:

the towers represent the Guaita, Cesta, and Montale castles on Mount Titano; white and blue are said to stand for peace and liberty

title:

"Inno Nazionale della Repubblica" (National Anthem of the Republic)

lyrics/music:

no lyrics/Federico CONSOLO

history:

adopted 1894; the music for the anthem, which has no lyrics, is based on a 10th-century chorale piece

total World Heritage Sites:

1 (cultural)

selected World Heritage Site locales:

San Marino Historic Center and Mount Titano

• high-income, non-EU European economy;
• surrounded by Italy, which is the dominant importer and exporter;
• open border to EU and a euro user;
• strong financial sector;
• high foreign investments;
• low taxation;
• increasingly high and risky debt

agriculture:

0% (2022 est.)

industry:

37.6% (2022 est.)

services:

55.1% (2022 est.)

note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

• 18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service;
• no conscription;
• government has the authority to call up all San Marino citizens from 16-60 years of age to serve in the military (2025)