Solomon Islands

• most of the population lives along the coastal regions;
• about one in five live in urban areas, and of these some two-thirds reside in Honiara, the largest town and chief port

• tropical cyclones, but rarely destructive;
• geologically active region with frequent earthquakes, tremors, and volcanic activity;
• tsunamis volcanism: Tinakula (851 m) has frequent eruption activity, while an eruption of Savo (485 m) could affect the capital Honiara on nearby Guadalcanal

• deforestation;
• soil erosion;
• many of the surrounding coral reefs are dead or dying;
• effects of climate change and rising sea levels

party to:

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:

none of the selected agreements

noun:

Solomon Islander(s)

adjective:

Solomon Islander

0-14 years:

34.05% (male 115,734 /female 109,009)

15-24 years:

19.95% (male 67,794 /female 63,925)

25-54 years:

36.89% (male 123,930 /female 119,577)

55-64 years:

4.77% (male 16,112 /female 15,389)

65 years and over:

4.34% (male 13,515 /female 15,136) (2018 est.)

total dependency ratio:

75.4 (2015 est.)

youth dependency ratio:

69.4 (2015 est.)

elderly dependency ratio:

6 (2015 est.)

potential support ratio:

16.6 (2015 est.)

total:

22.8 years (2018 est.)

male:

22.6 years

female:

23.1 years

• most of the population lives along the coastal regions;
• about one in five live in urban areas, and of these some two-thirds reside in Honiara, the largest town and chief port

at birth:

1.05 male(s)/female

0-14 years:

1.06 male(s)/female

15-24 years:

1.06 male(s)/female

25-54 years:

1.04 male(s)/female

55-64 years:

1.05 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.89 male(s)/female

total population:

1.04 male(s)/female (2018 est.)

total:

14.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

male:

16.3 deaths/1,000 live births

female:

12.2 deaths/1,000 live births

total population:

75.8 years (2018 est.)

male:

73.1 years

female:

78.6 years

conventional long form:

none

conventional short form:

Solomon Islands

local long form:

none

local short form:

Solomon Islands

former:

British Solomon Islands

etymology:

Spanish explorer Alvaro de MENDANA named the isles in 1568 after the wealthy biblical King SOLOMON in the mistaken belief that the islands contained great riches

name:

Honiara

geographic coordinates:

9 26 S, 159 57 E

time difference:

UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology:

the name derives from "nagho ni ara," which in one of the Guadalcanal languages roughly translates as "facing the eastern wind"

history:

• adopted 31 May 1978, effective 7 July 1978;
• note - in late 2017, provincial leaders agreed to adopt a new federal constitution, with passage expected in 2018, but it has been postponed indefinitely

amendments:

• proposed by the National Parliament;
• passage of constitutional sections, including those on fundamental rights and freedoms, the legal system, Parliament, alteration of the constitution and the ombudsman, requires three-fourths majority vote by Parliament and assent of the governor general;
• passage of other amendments requires two-thirds majority vote and assent of the governor general;
• amended several times, last in 2014 (2018)

citizenship by birth:

no

citizenship by descent only:

at least one parent must be a citizen of the Solomon Islands

dual citizenship recognized:

no

residency requirement for naturalization:

7 years

chief of state:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General David VUNAGI (since 8 July 2019)

head of government:

Prime Minister Rick HOU (since 16 November 2017)

cabinet:

Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister

elections/appointments:

• the monarchy is hereditary;
• governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the National Parliament for up to 5 years (eligible for a second term);
• following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by the National Parliament;
• deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister from among members of the National Parliament

election results:

Manasseh SOGAVARE (independent) defeated in no-confidence vote on 6 November 2017; Rick HOU elected prime minister on 15 November 2017

description:

unicameral National Parliament (50 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)

elections:

last held on 19 November 2014 (next to be held 3 April 2019)

election results:

• percent of vote by party - UDP 10.7%, DAP 7.8%, PAP 4.4%, other 20.8%, independent 56.3%;
• seats by party - DAP 7, UDP 5, PAP 3, KPSI 1, SIPFP 1, SIPRA 1, independent 32;
• composition - men 49, women 1, percent of women 2%

highest courts:

• Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and ex officio members including the High Court chief justice and its puisne judges);
• High Court (consists of the chief justice and puisne judges, as prescribed by the National Parliament)

judge selection and term of office:

• Court of Appeal and High Court president, chief justices, and puisne judges appointed by the governor general upon recommendation of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission, chaired by the chief justice and includes 5 members, mostly judicial officials and legal professionals;
• all judges serve until retirement at age 60

subordinate courts:

• Magistrates' Courts;
• Customary Land Appeal Court;
• local courts

• Democratic Alliance Party or DAP [Steve ABANA]
• Kadere Party of Solomon Islands or KPSI [Peter BOYERS]
• People's Alliance Party or PAP [Nathaniel WAENA]
• Solomon Islands People First Party or SIPFP [Dr. Jimmie RODGERS]
• Solomon Islands Party for Rural Advancement or SIPRA [Manasseh MAELANGA]
• United Democratic Party or UDP [Sir Thomas Ko CHAN]

note: in general, Solomon Islands politics is characterized by fluid coalitions

• divided diagonally by a thin yellow stripe from the lower hoist-side corner;
• the upper triangle (hoist side) is blue with five white five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern;
• the lower triangle is green;
• blue represents the ocean, green the land, and yellow sunshine;
• the five stars stand for the five main island groups of the Solomon Islands

name:

God Save Our Solomon Islands

lyrics/music:

Panapasa BALEKANA and Matila BALEKANA/Panapasa BALEKANA

note: adopted 1978

• cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, rice, fruit;
• cattle, pigs;
• fish;
• timber

agriculture:

75%

industry:

5%

services:

20% (2000 est.)

lowest 10%:

NA

highest 10%:

NA

general assessment:

• Internet penetration has reached 20%;
• 3G mobile networks expanding and even 4G LTE services launched in the capital;
• otherwise 2G and satellite services for communication and Internet access;
• increase in broadband subscriptions (2018)

domestic:

fixed-line is 1 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular telephone density is about 72 per 100 persons; domestic cable system to extend to key major islands (2018)

international:

• country code - 677;
• landing points for the CSCS and ICNS2 submarine cables providing connectivity from Solomon Islands, to PNG, Vanuatu and Australia;
• satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2019)

• Solomon Islands Broadcasting Corporation (SIBC) does not broadcast television;
• multi-channel pay-TV is available;
• SIBC operates 2 national radio stations and 2 provincial stations;
• there are 2 local commercial radio stations;
• Radio Australia is available via satellite feed (since 2009) (2019)

number of registered air carriers:

1 (2015)

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 3 (2015)

annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers:

373,738 (2015)

annual freight traffic on registered air carriers:

3,691,584 mt-km (2015)

total:

1,390 km (2011)

paved:

34 km (2011)

unpaved:

1,356 km (2011)

note: includes 920 km of private plantation roads

current situation:

• the Solomon Islands is a source and destination country for local adults and children and Southeast Asian men and women subjected to forced labor and forced prostitution;
• women from China, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines are recruited for legitimate work and upon arrival are forced into prostitution;
• men from Indonesia and Malaysia recruited to work in the Solomon Islands’ mining and logging industries may be subjected to forced labor;
• local children are forced into prostitution near foreign logging camps, on fishing vessels, at hotels, and entertainment venues;
• some local children are also sold by their parents for marriage to foreign workers or put up for "informal adoption" to pay off debts and then find themselves forced into domestic servitude or forced prostitution

tier rating:

• Tier 2 Watch List – the Solomon Islands does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking;
• however, it is making significant efforts to do so;
• in 2014, the Solomon Islands was granted a waiver from an otherwise required downgrade to Tier 3 because its government has a written plan that, if implemented, would constitute making significant efforts to bring itself into compliance with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking;
• the government gazetted implementing regulations for the 2012 immigration act prohibiting transnational trafficking, but the penalties are not sufficiently stringent because they allow the option of paying a fine;
• a new draft law to address these weaknesses awaits parliamentary review;
• no new trafficking investigations were conducted, even after labor inspections at logging and fishing companies, no existing cases led to prosecutions or convictions, and no funding was allocated for national anti-trafficking efforts;
• authorities did not identify or protect any victims and lack any procedures or shelters to do so;
• civil society and religious organizations provide most of the limited services available;
• a lack of understanding of the crime of trafficking remains a serious challenge (2015)