Tuvalu

In 1974, ethnic differences within the British colony of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands caused the Polynesians of the Ellice Islands to vote for separation from the Micronesians of the Gilbert Islands. The following year, the Ellice Islands became the separate British colony of Tuvalu. Independence was granted in 1978. In 2000, Tuvalu negotiated a contract leasing its Internet domain name ".tv" for $50 million in royalties over the next dozen years.

• tropical;
• moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November);
• westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March)

• since there are no streams or rivers and groundwater is not potable, most water needs must be met by catchment systems with storage facilities (the Japanese Government has built one desalination plant and plans to build one other);
• beachhead erosion because of the use of sand for building materials;
• excessive clearance of forest undergrowth for use as fuel;
• damage to coral reefs from the spread of the Crown of Thorns starfish;
• Tuvalu is very concerned about global increases in greenhouse gas emissions and their effect on rising sea levels, which threaten the country's underground water table;
• in 2000, the government appealed to Australia and New Zealand to take in Tuvaluans if rising sea levels should make evacuation necessary

party to:

Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified:

Biodiversity, Law of the Sea

• one of the smallest and most remote countries on Earth;
• six of the coral atolls - Nanumea, Nui, Vaitupu, Nukufetau, Funafuti, and Nukulaelae - have lagoons open to the ocean;
• Nanumaya and Niutao have landlocked lagoons;
• Niulakita does not have a lagoon

0-14 years:

32.6% (male 1,851; female 1,785)

15-64 years:

62.3% (male 3,335; female 3,607)

65 years and over:

5.1% (male 233; female 335) (2002 est.)

at birth:

1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:

1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:

0.93 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.7 male(s)/female

total population:

0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)

total population:

66.98 years

female:

69.23 years (2002 est.)

male:

64.83 years

noun:

Tuvaluan(s)

adjective:

Tuvaluan

conventional long form:

none

conventional short form:

Tuvalu

note: "Tuvalu" means "group of eight," referring to the country's eight traditionally inhabited islands

former:

Ellice Islands

chief of state:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Tomasi PUAPUA, M.D. (since 26 June 1998)

elections:

• the monarch is hereditary;
• governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister;
• prime minister and deputy prime minister elected by and from the members of Parliament;
• election last held 2 August 2002 (next to be held NA)

election results:

Saufatu SOPOANGA elected prime minister; Parliamentary vote - Saufatu SOPOANGA 8, Amasone KILEI 7

cabinet:

Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister

head of government:

Prime Minister Saufatu SOPOANGA (since 2 August 2002)

• High Court (a chief justice visits twice a year to preside over its sessions; its rulings can be appealed to the Court of Appeal in Fiji);
• eight Island Courts (with limited jurisdiction)

• light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant;
• the outer half of the flag represents a map of the country with nine yellow five-pointed stars symbolizing the nine islands

agriculture:

NA%

industry:

NA%

services:

NA%

lowest 10%:

NA%

highest 10%:

NA%

fossil fuel:

NA%

hydro:

NA%

nuclear:

NA%

other:

NA%

general assessment:

serves particular needs for internal communications

domestic:

radiotelephone communications between islands

international:

NA

total:

19.5 km

paved:

0 km

unpaved:

19.5 km (2002)