The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 1990 to 2025 Africa
Executive branch Zimbabwe, in 35 editions.
The entry for Zimbabwe published Executive branch in 35 editions of 36, from 1990 to 2025. The text changed in 32 editions. Each is shown as published. Executive branch in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 32
- the first edition with it
- 1990
- the latest edition with it
- 2025
Published as “Executive branch” (1990 to 2025), “Leaders” (1992 to 1993) and “Elections” (1992 to 1993).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2025 edition
Changed since 2024- president,
- vice president,
- Cabinet
president, vice president, Cabinet
executive president, 2 vice presidents, Cabinet
executive president, 2 vice president, presidents, Cabinet
Published as “Executive branch”
executive president, 2 vice presidents, Cabinet
Published as “Leaders”
- Chief of State and Head of Government:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Co-Vice President Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987);
- Co-Vice President Joshua M. NKOMO (since 6 August 1990)
Published as “Elections”
- Executive President:
- last held 28-30 March 1990 (next to be held NA March 1996); results - Robert MUGABE 78.3%, Edgar TEKERE 21.7%
- Parliament:
- last held 28-30 March 1990 (next to be held NA March 1995);
- results - percent of vote by party NA;
- seats - (150 total, 120 elected) ZANU-PF 117, ZUM 2, ZANU-S 1
Rewritten: too little of the 1991 text remains to mark the changes.
executive president, 2 vice presidents, Cabinet
Chief of State and Head of Government:
Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice
President Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice President
Joshua M. NKOMO (since 6 August 1990)
Executive President:
last held 28-30 March 1990 (next to be held NA March 1996); results - Robert
MUGABE 78.3%, Edgar TEKERE 21.7%
Parliament:
last held 28-30 March 1990 (next to be held NA March 1995); results -
percent of vote by party NA; seats - (150 total, 120 elected) ZANU-PF 117,
ZUM 2, ZANU-S 1
Published as “Elections”
- Executive President:
- last held 28-30 March 1990 (next to be held NA March 1996); results - Robert MUGABE 78.3%, Edgar TEKERE 21.7%
- Parliament:
- last held 28-30 March 1990 (next to be held NA March 1995);
- results - percent of vote by party NA;
- seats - (150 total, 120 elected) ZANU-PF 117, ZUM 2, ZANU-S 1
Published as “Executive branch”
executive president, 2 vice presidents, Cabinet
Published as “Leaders”
- Chief of State and Head of Government:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Co-Vice President Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987);
- Co-Vice President Joshua M. NKOMO (since 6 August 1990)
executive president, 2 vice presidents, CabinetExecutive
Chief of State and Head of Government:President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice President:
President Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice President
Joshua M. NKOMO (since 6 August 1990)
Executive
last held 28-30 March 1990 (next to be held NA March 1996); results - Robert
MUGABE 78.3%, Edgar TEKERE 21.7%
Parliament:
last held 28-30 March 1990 (next to be held NA March 1995); results -
percent of vote by party NA; seats - (150 total, 120 elected) ZANU-PF 117,
ZUM 2, ZANU-S 1
executive president, 2 vice presidents, Cabinet
Chief of State and Head of Government:
Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice
President Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice President
Joshua M. NKOMO (since 6 August 1990)
The entry for Zimbabwe did not include Executive branch.
- chief of state and head of government:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Co-Vice President Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987);
- Co-Vice President Joshua M. NKOMO (since 6 August 1990);
- election last held 28-30 March 1990 (next to be held NA March 1996);
- results - Robert MUGABE 78.3%, Edgar TEKERE 21.7%
- cabinet:
- Cabinet;
- appointed by the president;
- responsible to Parliament
Rewritten: too little of the 1993 text remains to mark the changes.
chief of state and head of government: Executive President Robert
Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice President Simon
Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice President Joshua M.
NKOMO (since 6 August 1990); election last held 28-30 March 1990 (next
to be held NA March 1996); results - Robert MUGABE 78.3%, Edgar TEKERE
21.7%
cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president; responsible to
Parliament
- chief of state and head of government:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987) was nominated by the House of Assembly (if more than one nomination, electoral college of members of the House of Assembly elect the president);
- election last held 26-27 March 1996 (next to be held NA March 2002);
- results - Robert MUGABE 92.7%, Abel MUZOREWA 4.8%;
- Ndabaningi SITHOLE 2.4%;
- Co-Vice President Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987);
- Co-Vice President Joshua M. NKOMO (since 6 August 1990) was appointed by the president
- cabinet:
- Cabinet was appointed by the president; responsible to Parliament
chief of state and head of government: Executive President Robert
Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); 1987) was nominated by the House
of Assembly (if more than one nomination, electoral college of
members of the House of Assembly elect the president); election last
held 26-27 March 1996 (next to be held NA March 2002); results -
Robert MUGABE 92.7%, Abel MUZOREWA 4.8%; Ndabaningi SITHOLE 2.4%;
Co-Vice President Simon
Co-Vice President Joshua M.1990); election last held 28-30 March 1990 (next 1990) was
to be held NA March 1996); results - Robert MUGABE 78.3%, Edgar TEKERE21.7% appointed by the president
cabinet: Cabinet; Cabinet was appointed by the president; responsible to
Parliament
- chief of state:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987) and Joshua M. NKOMO (since 6 August 1990);
- note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
- head of government :
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987) and Joshua M. NKOMO (since 6 August 1990);
- note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
- cabinet :
- Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly
- elections:
- president nominated by the House of Assembly for a six-year term (if more than one nomination, an electoral college consisting of members of the House of Assembly elects the president);
- election last held 26-27 March 1996 (next to be held NA March 2002);
- co-vice presidents appointed by the president
- election results:
- Robert Gabriel MUGABE elected president;
- percent of electoral college vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 92.7%, Abel MUZOREWA 4.8%;
- Ndabaningi SITHOLE 2.4%
Rewritten: too little of the 1996 text remains to mark the changes.
chief of state: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31
December 1987); Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31
December 1987) and Joshua M. NKOMO (since 6 August 1990); note - the
president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government : Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since
31 December 1987); Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31
December 1987) and Joshua M. NKOMO (since 6 August 1990); note - the
president is both the chief of state and head of government
cabinet : Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House
of Assembly
elections: president nominated by the House of Assembly for a six-year
term (if more than one nomination, an electoral college consisting of
members of the House of Assembly elects the president); election last
held 26-27 March 1996 (next to be held NA March 2002); co-vice
presidents appointed by the president
election results: Robert Gabriel MUGABE elected president; percent of
electoral college vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 92.7%, Abel MUZOREWA
4.8%; Ndabaningi SITHOLE 2.4%
- chief of state:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987) and Joshua M. NKOMO (since 6 August 1990);
- note-the president is both the chief of state and head of government
- head of government:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987) and Joshua M. NKOMO (since 6 August 1990);
- note-the president is both the chief of state and head of government
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly
- elections:
- president nominated by the House of Assembly for a six-year term (if more than one nomination, an electoral college consisting of members of the House of Assembly elects the president);
- election last held 26-27 March 1996 (next to be held NA March 2002);
- co-vice presidents appointed by the president
- election results:
- Robert Gabriel MUGABE elected president;
- percent of electoral college vote-Robert Gabriel MUGABE 92.7%, Abel MUZOREWA 4.8%;
- Ndabaningi SITHOLE 2.4%
chief of state: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31
December 1987); Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31
December 1987) and Joshua M. NKOMO (since 6 August 1990); note - the note-the
president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government : government: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since
31 December 1987); Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31
December 1987) and Joshua M. NKOMO (since 6 August 1990); note - the note-the
president is both the chief of state and head of governmentcabinet : cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House
of Assembly
elections: president nominated by the House of Assembly for a six-year
term (if more than one nomination, an electoral college consisting of
members of the House of Assembly elects the president); election last
held 26-27 March 1996 (next to be held NA March 2002); co-vice
presidents appointed by the president
election results: Robert Gabriel MUGABE elected president; percent of
electoral college vote - Robert vote-Robert Gabriel MUGABE 92.7%, Abel MUZOREWA
4.8%; Ndabaningi SITHOLE 2.4%
- chief of state:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987) and Joshua M. NKOMO (since 6 August 1990);
- note--the president is both the chief of state and head of government
- head of government:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987) and Joshua M. NKOMO (since 6 August 1990);
- note--the president is both the chief of state and head of government
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly
- elections:
- president nominated by the House of Assembly for a six-year term (if more than one nomination, an electoral college consisting of members of the House of Assembly elects the president);
- election last held 26-27 March 1996 (next to be held NA March 2002);
- co-vice presidents appointed by the president
- election results:
- Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president;
- percent of electoral college vote--Robert Gabriel MUGABE 92.7%, Abel MUZOREWA 4.8%;
- Ndabaningi SITHOLE 2.4%
chief of state: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31
December 1987); Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31
December 1987) and Joshua M. NKOMO (since 6 August 1990); note-the note--the
president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since
31 December 1987); Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31
December 1987) and Joshua M. NKOMO (since 6 August 1990); note-the note--the
president is both the chief of state and head of government
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House
House of Assembly
elections: president nominated by the House of Assembly for a six-year
six-year term (if more than one nomination, an electoral college
consisting of
president); election last
March 2002); co-vice
election results: Robert Gabriel MUGABE elected reelected president; percent of
of electoral college vote-Robert vote--Robert Gabriel MUGABE 92.7%, Abel MUZOREWA
4.8%; Ndabaningi SITHOLE 2.4%
- chief of state:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987) and Joseph MSIKA (since 23 December 1999);
- note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
- head of government:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987) and Joseph MSIKA (since 23 December 1999);
- note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly
- elections:
- president nominated by the House of Assembly for a six-year term (if more than one nomination, an electoral college consisting of members of the House of Assembly elects the president);
- election last held 16-17 March 1996 (next to be held NA March 2002);
- co-vice presidents appointed by the president
- election results:
- Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president;
- percent of electoral college vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 92.7%, Abel MUZOREWA 4.8%;
- Ndabaningi SITHOLE 2.4%
chief of state: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31Joshua M. NKOMO Joseph MSIKA (since 6 August 1990); note--the23 December 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (sinceJoshua M. NKOMO Joseph MSIKA (since 6 August 1990); note--the23 December 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the
elections: president nominated by the House of Assembly for a26-27 16-17 March 1996 (next to be held NA
election results: Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percentvote--Robert vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 92.7%, Abel MUZOREWA
- chief of state:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987) and Joseph MSIKA (since 23 December 1999);
- note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987) and Joseph MSIKA (since 23 December 1999);
- note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president;
- responsible to the House of Assembly elections: presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote;
- election last held 16-17 March 1996 (next to be held NA March 2002);
- co-vice presidents appointed by the president election results: Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president;
- percent of electoral college vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 92.7%, Abel MUZOREWA 4.8%;
- Ndabaningi SITHOLE 2.4%
chief of state: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987) and Joseph MSIKA (since 23 December 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of governmentpresident presidential candidates nominated by the House of Assembly for with a six-year term (if more than nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one nomination, an electoral college consisting of members of the House of Assembly elects the president); from each province) and elected by popular vote; election last held 16-17 March 1996 (next to be held NA March 2002); co-vice presidents appointed by the president
- chief of state:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987) and Joseph MSIKA (since 23 December 1999);
- note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
- head of government:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987) and Joseph MSIKA (since 23 December 1999);
- note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly
- elections:
- presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote;
- election last held 9-11 March 2002 (next to be held NA March 2006);
- co-vice presidents appointed by the president
- election results:
- Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 56.2%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 41.9%
chief of state: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987) and Joseph MSIKA (since 23 December 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987) and Joseph MSIKA (since 23 December 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly
elections: presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote; election last held 16-17 9-11 March 1996 2002 (next to be held NA March 2002); 2006); co-vice presidents appointed by the president
election results: Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of electoral college vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 92.7%, Abel MUZOREWA 4.8%; Ndabaningi SITHOLE 2.4% 56.2%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 41.9%
- chief of state:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Joseph MSIKA (since 23 December 1999);
- note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
- head of government:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Joseph MSIKA (since 23 December 1999);
- note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly
- elections:
- presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote;
- election last held 9-11 March 2002 (next to be held NA March 2008);
- co-vice presidents appointed by the president
- election results:
- Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 56.2%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 41.9%
chief of state: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987) and Joseph MSIKA (since 23 December 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987) and Joseph MSIKA (since 23 December 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly
elections: presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote; election last held 9-11 March 2002 (next to be held NA March 2006); 2008); co-vice presidents appointed by the president
election results: Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 56.2%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 41.9%
- chief of state:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004; note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
- head of government:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004; note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly
- elections:
- presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote;
- election last held 9-11 March 2002 (next to be held NA March 2008);
- co-vice presidents appointed by the president
- election results:
- Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 56.2%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 41.9%
chief of state: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Joseph MSIKA Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 23 6 December 1999); 2004; note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Joseph MSIKA Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 23 6 December 1999); 2004; note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly
elections: presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote; election last held 9-11 March 2002 (next to be held NA March 2008); co-vice presidents appointed by the president
election results: Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 56.2%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 41.9%
- chief of state:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004);
- note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
- head of government:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004);
- note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly
- elections:
- presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote for a 6-year term;
- election last held 9-11 March 2002 (next to be held March 2008);
- co-vice presidents appointed by the president
- election results:
- Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 56.2%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 41.9%
chief of state: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004; 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004; 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly
elections: presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote; vote for a 6-year term; election last held 9-11 March 2002 (next to be held NA March 2008); co-vice presidents appointed by the president
election results: Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 56.2%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 41.9%
- chief of state:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Vice President Joseph MSIKA (since December 1999) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004);
- note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
- head of government:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Vice President Joseph MSIKA (since December 1999) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004);
- note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly
- elections:
- presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote for a six-year term (no term limits);
- election last held 9-11 March 2002 (next to be held March 2008);
- co-vice presidents appointed by the president
- election results:
- Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 56.2%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 41.9%
chief of state: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Vice President Joseph MSIKA (since December 1999) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Vice President Joseph MSIKA (since December 1999) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly
elections: presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote for a 6-year term; six-year term (no term limits); election last held 9-11 March 2002 (next to be held March 2008); co-vice presidents appointed by the president
election results: Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 56.2%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 41.9%
- chief of state:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Vice President Joseph MSIKA (since December 1999) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004);
- note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
- head of government:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Vice President Joseph MSIKA (since December 1999) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly
- elections:
- presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote for a six-year term (no term limits);
- election last held 9-11 March 2002 (next to be held in March 2008);
- co-vice presidents appointed by the president
- election results:
- Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 56.2%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 41.9%
chief of state: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Vice President Joseph MSIKA (since December 1999) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Vice President Joseph MSIKA (since December 1999) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government 2004)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly
elections: presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote for a six-year term (no term limits); election last held 9-11 March 2002 (next to be held in March 2008); co-vice presidents appointed by the president
election results: Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 56.2%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 41.9%
- chief of state:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Vice President Joseph MSIKA (since December 1999) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004);
- note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
- head of government:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Vice President Joseph MSIKA (since December 1999) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly
- elections:
- presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits);
- elections last held 28 March 2008 followed by a run-off on 27 June 2008 (next to be held in 2013);
- co-vice presidents appointed by the president
- election results:
- Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president;
- percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 85.5%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 9.3%, other 5.2%;
- note - first round voting results - Morgan TSVANGIRAI 47.9%, Robert Gabriel MUGABE 43.2%, Simba MAKONI 8.3%, other 0.6%;
- first-round round polls were deemed to be flawed suppressing TSVANGIRAI's results;
- the 27 June 2008 run-off between MUGABE and TSVANGIRAI were severely flawed and internationally condemned
chief of state: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Vice President Joseph MSIKA (since December 1999) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Vice President Joseph MSIKA (since December 1999) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly
elections: presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote for a six-year five-year term (no term limits); election elections last held 9-11 28 March 2002 2008 followed by a run-off on 27 June 2008 (next to be held in March 2008); 2013); co-vice presidents appointed by the president
election results: Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 56.2%, 85.5%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 41.9% 9.3%, other 5.2%; note - first round voting results - Morgan TSVANGIRAI 47.9%, Robert Gabriel MUGABE 43.2%, Simba MAKONI 8.3%, other 0.6%; first-round round polls were deemed to be flawed suppressing TSVANGIRAI's results; the 27 June 2008 run-off between MUGABE and TSVANGIRAI were severely flawed and internationally condemned
- chief of state:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Vice President Joseph MSIKA (since December 1999) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Morgan TSVANGIRAI (since 11 February 2009); Deputy Prime Minister Arthur MUTAMBARA
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly
- elections:
- presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits);
- elections last held 28 March 2008 followed by a run-off on 27 June 2008 (next to be held in 2013);
- co-vice presidents appointed by the president
- election results:
- Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president;
- percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 85.5%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 9.3%, other 5.2%;
- note - first round voting results - Morgan TSVANGIRAI 47.9%, Robert Gabriel MUGABE 43.2%, Simba MAKONI 8.3%, other 0.6%;
- first-round round polls were deemed to be flawed suppressing TSVANGIRAI's results;
- the 27 June 2008 run-off between MUGABE and TSVANGIRAI were severely flawed and internationally condemned
chief of state:
Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Vice President Joseph MSIKA (since December 1999) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government 2004)
head of government: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Vice President Joseph MSIKA (since December 1999) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU
Prime Minister Morgan TSVANGIRAI (since 6 December 2004) 11 February 2009); Deputy Prime Minister Arthur MUTAMBARA
cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly
elections:
presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); elections last held 28 March 2008 followed by a run-off on 27 June 2008 (next to be held in 2013); co-vice presidents appointed by the president
election results:
Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 85.5%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 9.3%, other 5.2%; note - first round voting results - Morgan TSVANGIRAI 47.9%, Robert Gabriel MUGABE 43.2%, Simba MAKONI 8.3%, other 0.6%; first-round round polls were deemed to be flawed suppressing TSVANGIRAI's results; the 27 June 2008 run-off between MUGABE and TSVANGIRAI were severely flawed and internationally condemned
- chief of state:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Vice President John NKOMO (since December 2009) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Morgan TSVANGIRAI (since 11 February 2009); Deputy Prime Minister Arthur MUTAMBARA
- cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president and prime minister; responsible to the House of Assembly
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits);
- elections last held on 28 March 2008 followed by a run-off on 27 June 2008 (next to be held in 2013);
- co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership
- election results:
- Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president;
- percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 85.5%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 9.3%, other 5.2%;
- note - first round voting results - Morgan TSVANGIRAI 47.9%, Robert Gabriel MUGABE 43.2%, Simba MAKONI 8.3%, other 0.6%;
- first-round round polls were deemed to be flawed suppressing TSVANGIRAI's results;
- the 27 June 2008 run-off between MUGABE and TSVANGIRAI was severely flawed and internationally condemned
chief of state:
Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Vice President Joseph MSIKA John NKOMO (since December 1999) 2009) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004)
head of government:
Prime Minister Morgan TSVANGIRAI (since 11 February 2009); Deputy Prime Minister Arthur MUTAMBARA
cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president; president and prime minister; responsible to the House of Assembly
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); elections last held on 28 March 2008 followed by a run-off on 27 June 2008 (next to be held in 2013); co-vice presidents appointed by the president drawn from party leadership
election results:
Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 85.5%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 9.3%, other 5.2%; note - first round voting results - Morgan TSVANGIRAI 47.9%, Robert Gabriel MUGABE 43.2%, Simba MAKONI 8.3%, other 0.6%; first-round round polls were deemed to be flawed suppressing TSVANGIRAI's results; the 27 June 2008 run-off between MUGABE and TSVANGIRAI were was severely flawed and internationally condemned
- chief of state:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Vice President John NKOMO (since December 2009) and Vice President Joice MUJURU (since 6 December 2004)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Morgan TSVANGIRAI (since 11 February 2009); Deputy Prime Minister Arthur MUTAMBARA
- cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president and prime minister; responsible to the House of Assembly
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits);
- elections last held on 28 March 2008 followed by a run-off on 27 June 2008 (next to be held in 2013);
- co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership
- election results:
- Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president;
- percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 85.5%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 9.3%, other 5.2%;
- note - first round voting results - Morgan TSVANGIRAI 47.9%, Robert Gabriel MUGABE 43.2%, Simba MAKONI 8.3%, other 0.6%;
- first-round round polls were deemed to be flawed suppressing TSVANGIRAI's results;
- the 27 June 2008 run-off between MUGABE and TSVANGIRAI was severely flawed and internationally condemned
chief of state:
Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Vice President John NKOMO (since December 2009) and Vice President Joyce Joice MUJURU (since 6 December 2004)
head of government:
Prime Minister Morgan TSVANGIRAI (since 11 February 2009); Deputy Prime Minister Arthur MUTAMBARA
cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president and prime minister; responsible to the House of Assembly
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); elections last held on 28 March 2008 followed by a run-off on 27 June 2008 (next to be held in 2013); co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership
election results:
Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 85.5%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 9.3%, other 5.2%; note - first round voting results - Morgan TSVANGIRAI 47.9%, Robert Gabriel MUGABE 43.2%, Simba MAKONI 8.3%, other 0.6%; first-round round polls were deemed to be flawed suppressing TSVANGIRAI's results; the 27 June 2008 run-off between MUGABE and TSVANGIRAI was severely flawed and internationally condemned
- chief of state:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Vice President John Landa NKOMO (since December 2009) and Vice President Joice MUJURU (since 6 December 2004)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Morgan TSVANGIRAI (since 11 February 2009); Deputy Prime Minister Arthur MUTAMBARA
- cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president and prime minister; responsible to the House of Assembly
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits);
- elections last held on 28 March 2008 followed by a run-off on 27 June 2008 (next to be held in 2013);
- co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership
- election results:
- Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president;
- percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 85.5%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 9.3%, other 5.2%;
- note - first round voting results - Morgan TSVANGIRAI 47.9%, Robert Gabriel MUGABE 43.2%, Simba MAKONI 8.3%, other 0.6%;
- first-round round polls were deemed to be flawed suppressing TSVANGIRAI's results;
- the 27 June 2008 run-off between MUGABE and TSVANGIRAI was severely flawed and internationally condemned
chief of state:
Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Vice President John Landa NKOMO (since December 2009) and Vice President Joice MUJURU (since 6 December 2004)
head of government:
Prime Minister Morgan TSVANGIRAI (since 11 February 2009); Deputy Prime Minister Arthur MUTAMBARA
cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president and prime minister; responsible to the House of Assembly
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); elections last held on 28 March 2008 followed by a run-off on 27 June 2008 (next to be held in 2013); co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership
election results:
Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 85.5%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 9.3%, other 5.2%; note - first round voting results - Morgan TSVANGIRAI 47.9%, Robert Gabriel MUGABE 43.2%, Simba MAKONI 8.3%, other 0.6%; first-round round polls were deemed to be flawed suppressing TSVANGIRAI's results; the 27 June 2008 run-off between MUGABE and TSVANGIRAI was severely flawed and internationally condemned
- chief of state:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Vice President Joice MUJURU (since 6 December 2004) and Vice President John Landa NKOMO (since December 2009)
- head of government:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987) note - according to the new constitution, following the 31 July 2013 presidential elections the position of Prime Minister was abolished
- cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits);
- elections last held on 31 July 2013 (next to be held in 2018);
- co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership
- election results:
- Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president;
- percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 61.1%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 34.4%, Welshman NCUBE 2.7% other 1.8%;
- note - the election process was considered flawed and roundly criticised by election monitors and international bodies
chief of state:
Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Vice President John Landa NKOMO Joice MUJURU (since 6 December 2009) 2004) and Vice President Joice MUJURU John Landa NKOMO (since 6 December 2004) 2009)
head of government:Prime Minister Morgan TSVANGIRAI Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 11 February 2009); Deputy 31 December 1987) note - according to the new constitution, following the 31 July 2013 presidential elections the position of Prime Minister Arthur MUTAMBARA was abolished
cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president and prime minister; president; responsible to the House of Assembly
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); elections last held on 28 March 2008 followed by a run-off on 27 June 2008 31 July 2013 (next to be held in 2013); 2018); co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership
election results:
Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 85.5%, 61.1%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 9.3%, 34.4%, Welshman NCUBE 2.7% other 5.2%; 1.8%; note - first round voting results - Morgan TSVANGIRAI 47.9%, Robert Gabriel MUGABE 43.2%, Simba MAKONI 8.3%, other 0.6%; first-round round polls were deemed to be flawed suppressing TSVANGIRAI's results; the 27 June 2008 run-off between MUGABE and TSVANGIRAI election process was severely considered flawed and internationally condemned roundly criticised by election monitors and international bodies
- chief of state:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Vice President Joice MUJURU (since 6 December 2004)
- head of government:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987) note - according to the new constitution, following the 31 July 2013 presidential elections the position of Prime Minister was abolished
- cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits);
- elections last held on 31 July 2013 (next to be held in 2018);
- co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership
- election results:
- Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president;
- percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 61.1%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 34.4%, Welshman NCUBE 2.7% other 1.8%;
- note - the election process was considered flawed and roundly criticised by election monitors and international bodies;
- both the AU and the SADC endoresed the results of the election with some concerns
chief of state:
Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Vice President Joice MUJURU (since 6 December 2004) and Vice President John Landa NKOMO (since December 2009)
head of government:
Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987) note - according to the new constitution, following the 31 July 2013 presidential elections the position of Prime Minister was abolished
cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); elections last held on 31 July 2013 (next to be held in 2018); co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership
election results:
Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 61.1%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 34.4%, Welshman NCUBE 2.7% other 1.8%; note - the election process was considered flawed and roundly criticised by election monitors and international bodies bodies; both the AU and the SADC endoresed the results of the election with some concerns
The same text in 2015 and 2016.
- chief of state:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- Vice Presidents Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA and Phelekezela MPHOKO (both since 12 December 2014);
- note - Vice President Joice MUJURU (since 6 December 2004) was dismissed 9 December 2014
- head of government:
- Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
- note - following the 31 July 2013 presidential election, the position of prime minister was abolished
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by president, responsible to House of Assembly
- elections/appointments:
- each presidential candidate nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least 1 candidate from each province) and directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (no term limits);
- election last held on 31 July 2013 (next to be held in 2018);
- co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership
- election results:
- Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president;
- percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE (ZANU-PF) 61.1%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI (MDC-T) 34.4%, Welshman NCUBE (MDC-N) 2.7%, other 1.8%;
- note - the election process was considered flawed and roundly criticized by election monitors and international bodies;
- both the African Union and the South African Development Community endorsed the results of the election with some concerns
chief of state:
head of government:1987) 1987); note - according to the new constitution, following the 31 July 2013 presidential elections election, the position of Prime Minister prime minister was abolished
cabinet:the president; president, responsible to the House of Assembly(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)elections/appointments: each presidential
elections:candidates candidate nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one 1 candidate from each province) and directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a five-year 5-year term (no term limits); elections election last held on 31 July 2013 (next to be held in 2018); co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership
election results:2.7% (MDC-N) 2.7%, other 1.8%; note - the election process was considered flawed and roundly criticised criticized by election monitors and international bodies; both the AU African Union and the SADC endoresed South African Development Community endorsed the results of the election with some concerns
- chief of state:
- Executive President Emmerson MNANGAGWA (since 24 November 2017);
- First Vice President (vacant);
- Second Vice President Phelekezela MPHOKO;
- note - Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987) resigned 11/21/17;
- First Vice President Emmerson MNANGAGWA was dismissed by President MUGABE on 6 November 2017
- head of government:
- Executive President Emmerson MNANGAGWA (since 24 November 2017);
- note - following the 31 July 2013 presidential election, the position of prime minister was abolished
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by president, responsible to House of Assembly
- elections/appointments:
- each presidential candidate nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least 1 candidate from each province) and directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (no term limits);
- election last held on 31 July 2013 (next to be held in 2018);
- co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership
- election results:
- Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president;
- percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE (ZANU-PF) 61.1%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI (MDC-T) 34.4%, Welshman NCUBE (MDC-N) 2.7%, other 1.8%;
- note - the election process was considered flawed and roundly criticized by election monitors and international bodies;
- both the African Union and the South African Development Community endorsed the results of the election with some concerns
chief of state: Executive President Emmerson MNANGAGWA (since 24 November 2017); First Vice President (vacant); Second Vice President Phelekezela MPHOKO; note - Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); 1987) resigned 11/21/17; First Vice Presidents President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA and Phelekezela MPHOKO (both since 12 December 2014); note - Vice President Joice MUJURU (since 6 December 2004) was dismissed 9 December 2014 by President MUGABE on 6 November 2017
head of government: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE Emmerson MNANGAGWA (since 31 December 1987); 24 November 2017); note - following the 31 July 2013 presidential election, the position of prime minister was abolished
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by president, responsible to House of Assembly
elections/appointments: each presidential candidate nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least 1 candidate from each province) and directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 31 July 2013 (next to be held in 2018); co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership
election results: Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE (ZANU-PF) 61.1%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI (MDC-T) 34.4%, Welshman NCUBE (MDC-N) 2.7%, other 1.8%; note - the election process was considered flawed and roundly criticized by election monitors and international bodies; both the African Union and the South African Development Community endorsed the results of the election with some concerns
- chief of state:
- President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 24 November 2017);
- First Vice President Constantino CHIWENGA (since 28 December 2017);
- note - Robert Gabriel MUGABE resigned on 21 November 2017, after ruling for 37 years
- head of government:
- President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 24 November 2017); First Vice President Constantino CHIWENGA (since 28 December 2017)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by president, responsible to National Assembly
- elections/appointments:
- each presidential candidate nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least 1 candidate from each province) and directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (no term limits);
- election last held on 3 July 2018 (next to be held in 2023);
- co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership
- election results:
- Emmerson MNANGAGWA reelected president in 1st round of voting;
- percent of vote - Emmerson MNANGAGWA (ZANU-PF) 50.8%, Nelson CHAMISA (MDC-T) 44.3%, Thokozani KHUP (MDC-N) .9%, other 3%
chief of state: Executive President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 24 November 2017); First Vice President (vacant); Second Vice President Phelekezela MPHOKO; Constantino CHIWENGA (since 28 December 2017); note - Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987) resigned 11/21/17; First Vice President Emmerson MNANGAGWA was dismissed by President MUGABE on 6 21 November 2017 2017, after ruling for 37 years
head of government: Executive President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 24 November 2017); note - following the 31 July 2013 presidential election, the position of prime minister was abolished First Vice President Constantino CHIWENGA (since 28 December 2017)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by president, responsible to House of National Assembly
elections/appointments: each presidential candidate nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least 1 candidate from each province) and directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 31 3 July 2013 2018 (next to be held in 2018); 2023); co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership
election results: Robert Gabriel MUGABE Emmerson MNANGAGWA reelected president; president in 1st round of voting; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE Emmerson MNANGAGWA (ZANU-PF) 61.1%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 50.8%, Nelson CHAMISA (MDC-T) 34.4%, Welshman NCUBE 44.3%, Thokozani KHUP (MDC-N) 2.7%, .9%, other 1.8%; note - the election process was considered flawed and roundly criticized by election monitors and international bodies; both the African Union and the South African Development Community endorsed the results of the election with some concerns 3%
The same text in 2019 and 2020.
- chief of state:
- President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 24 November 2017);
- First Vice President Constantino CHIWENGA (since 28 December 2017);
- note - Robert Gabriel MUGABE resigned on 21 November 2017, after ruling for 37 years
- head of government:
- President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 24 November 2017);
- Vice President Constantino CHIWENGA (since 28 December 2017);
- Vice President Kembo MOHADI (since 28 December 2017)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by president, responsible to National Assembly
- elections/appointments:
- each presidential candidate nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least 1 candidate from each province) and directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (no term limits);
- election last held on 3 July 2018 (next to be held in 2023);
- co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership
- election results:
- Emmerson MNANGAGWA reelected president in 1st round of voting;
- percent of vote - Emmerson MNANGAGWA (ZANU-PF) 50.8%, Nelson CHAMISA (MDC-T) 44.3%, Thokozani KHUPE (MDC-N) .9%, other 3%
chief of state: President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 24 November 2017); First Vice President Constantino CHIWENGA (since 28 December 2017); note - Robert Gabriel MUGABE resigned on 21 November 2017, after ruling for 37 years
head of government: President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 24 November 2017); First Vice President Constantino CHIWENGA (since 28 December 2017); Vice President Kembo MOHADI (since 28 December 2017)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by president, responsible to National Assembly
elections/appointments: each presidential candidate nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least 1 candidate from each province) and directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 3 July 2018 (next to be held in 2023); co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership
election results: Emmerson MNANGAGWA reelected president in 1st round of voting; percent of vote - Emmerson MNANGAGWA (ZANU-PF) 50.8%, Nelson CHAMISA (MDC-T) 44.3%, Thokozani KHUP KHUPE (MDC-N) .9%, other 3%
- chief of state:
- President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 24 November 2017);
- First Vice President Constantino CHIWENGA (since 28 December 2017);
- note - Robert Gabriel MUGABE resigned on 21 November 2017, after ruling for 37 years
- head of government:
- President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 24 November 2017);
- Vice President Constantino CHIWENGA (since 28 December 2017);
- Vice President (vacant)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by president, responsible to National Assembly
- elections/appointments:
- each presidential candidate nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least 1 candidate from each province) and directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (no term limits);
- election last held on 3 July 2018 (next to be held in 2023);
- co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership
- election results:
- Emmerson MNANGAGWA reelected president in 1st round of voting;
- percent of vote - Emmerson MNANGAGWA (ZANU-PF) 50.8%, Nelson CHAMISA (MDC-T) 44.3%, Thokozani KHUPE (MDC-N) .9%, other 3%
chief of state: President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 24 November 2017); First Vice President Constantino CHIWENGA (since 28 December 2017); note - Robert Gabriel MUGABE resigned on 21 November 2017, after ruling for 37 years
head of government: President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 24 November 2017); Vice President Constantino CHIWENGA (since 28 December 2017); Vice President Kembo MOHADI (since 28 December 2017) (vacant)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by president, responsible to National Assembly
elections/appointments: each presidential candidate nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least 1 candidate from each province) and directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 3 July 2018 (next to be held in 2023); co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership
election results: Emmerson MNANGAGWA reelected president in 1st round of voting; percent of vote - Emmerson MNANGAGWA (ZANU-PF) 50.8%, Nelson CHAMISA (MDC-T) 44.3%, Thokozani KHUPE (MDC-N) .9%, other 3%
- chief of state:
- President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 24 November 2017);
- First Vice President Constantino CHIWENGA (since 28 December 2017);
- note - Robert Gabriel MUGABE resigned on 21 November 2017, after ruling for 37 years
- head of government:
- President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 24 November 2017); Vice President Constantino CHIWENGA (since 28 December 2017);
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by president, responsible to National Assembly
- elections/appointments:
- each presidential candidate nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least 1 candidate from each province) and directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (no term limits);
- election last held on 3 July 2018 (next to be held in 2023);
- co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership
- election results:
- Emmerson MNANGAGWA reelected president in 1st round of voting;
- percent of vote - Emmerson MNANGAGWA (ZANU-PF) 50.8%, Nelson CHAMISA (MDC-T) 44.3%, Thokozani KHUPE (MDC-N) 0.9%, other 3%
chief of state: President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 24 November 2017); First Vice President Constantino CHIWENGA (since 28 December 2017); note - Robert Gabriel MUGABE resigned on 21 November 2017, after ruling for 37 years
head of government: President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 24 November 2017); Vice President Constantino CHIWENGA (since 28 December 2017); Vice President (vacant)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by president, responsible to National Assembly
elections/appointments: each presidential candidate nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least 1 candidate from each province) and directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 3 July 2018 (next to be held in 2023); co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership
election results: Emmerson MNANGAGWA reelected president in 1st round of voting; percent of vote - Emmerson MNANGAGWA (ZANU-PF) 50.8%, Nelson CHAMISA (MDC-T) 44.3%, Thokozani KHUPE (MDC-N) .9%, 0.9%, other 3%
- chief of state:
- President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 4 September 2023);
- First Vice President Constantino CHIWENGA (since 4 September 2023);
- note - Robert Gabriel MUGABE resigned on 21 November 2017, after ruling for 37 years
- head of government:
- President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 4 September 2023); Vice President Constantino CHIWENGA (since 4 September 2023)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by president, responsible to National Assembly
- elections/appointments:
- each presidential candidate nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least 1 candidate from each province) and directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (no term limits);
- election last held on 23 August 2023 (next to be held in 2028);
- co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership
- election results:
- 2023: Emmerson MNANGAGWA elected president in 1st round of voting;
- percent of vote - Emmerson MNANGAGWA (ZANU-PF) 52.6%, Nelson CHAMISA (MDC-T) 44%, Wilbert MUBAIWA (MDC) 1.20%, other 3%
- 2018: Emmerson MNANGAGWA elected president in 1st round of voting;
- percent of vote - Emmerson MNANGAGWA (ZANU-PF) 50.8%, Nelson CHAMISA (MDC-T) 44.3%, Thokozani KHUPE (MDC-N) 0.9%, other 3%
chief of state: President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 24 November 2017); 4 September 2023); First Vice President Constantino CHIWENGA (since 28 December 2017); 4 September 2023); note - Robert Gabriel MUGABE resigned on 21 November 2017, after ruling for 37 years
head of government: President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 24 November 2017); 4 September 2023); Vice President Constantino CHIWENGA (since 28 December 2017); 4 September 2023)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by president, responsible to National Assembly
elections/appointments: each presidential candidate nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least 1 candidate from each province) and directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 3 July 2018 23 August 2023 (next to be held in 2023); 2028); co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership
election results: 2023: Emmerson MNANGAGWA reelected elected president in 1st round of voting; percent of vote - Emmerson MNANGAGWA (ZANU-PF) 52.6%, Nelson CHAMISA (MDC-T) 44%, Wilbert MUBAIWA (MDC) 1.20%, other 3%
2018: Emmerson MNANGAGWA elected president in 1st round of voting; percent of vote - Emmerson MNANGAGWA (ZANU-PF) 50.8%, Nelson CHAMISA (MDC-T) 44.3%, Thokozani KHUPE (MDC-N) 0.9%, other 3%
- chief of state:
- President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 4 September 2023)
- head of government:
- Vice President Constantino CHIWENGA (since 11 September 2023)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by president, responsible to National Assembly
- elections/appointments:
- each presidential candidate nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least 1 candidate from each province) and directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (no term limits);
- election last held on 23 August 2023 (next to be held in 2028);
- co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership
- election results:
- 2023: Emmerson MNANGAGWA reelected president in first round;
- percent of vote - Emmerson MNANGAGWA (ZANU-PF) 52.6%, Nelson CHAMISA (MDC-T) 44%, Wilbert MUBAIWA (NPC) 1.2%, other 2.2%
- 2018: Emmerson MNANGAGWA elected president in first round;
- percent of vote - Emmerson MNANGAGWA (ZANU-PF) 50.7%, Nelson CHAMISA (MDC-T) 44.4%, Thokozani KHUPE (MDC-N) 0.9%, other 4%
chief of state: President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 4 September 2023); First Vice President Constantino CHIWENGA (since 4 September 2023); note - Robert Gabriel MUGABE resigned on 21 November 2017, after ruling for 37 years 2023)
head of government: President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 4 September 2023); Vice President Constantino CHIWENGA (since 4 11 September 2023)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by president, responsible to National Assembly
elections/appointments: each presidential candidate nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least 1 candidate from each province) and directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 23 August 2023 (next to be held in 2028); co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership
election results:
2023: Emmerson MNANGAGWA elected reelected president in 1st round of voting; first round; percent of vote - Emmerson MNANGAGWA (ZANU-PF) 52.6%, Nelson CHAMISA (MDC-T) 44%, Wilbert MUBAIWA (MDC) 1.20%, (NPC) 1.2%, other 3% 2.2%
2018: Emmerson MNANGAGWA elected president in 1st round of voting; first round; percent of vote - Emmerson MNANGAGWA (ZANU-PF) 50.8%, 50.7%, Nelson CHAMISA (MDC-T) 44.3%, 44.4%, Thokozani KHUPE (MDC-N) 0.9%, other 3% 4%
- chief of state:
- President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 4 September 2023)
- head of government:
- Vice President Constantino CHIWENGA (since 11 September 2023)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by president, responsible to National Assembly
- election/appointment process:
- each presidential candidate nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least 1 candidate from each province) and directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (no term limits);
- co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership
- most recent election date:
- 23 August 2023
- election results:
- 2023: Emmerson MNANGAGWA reelected president in first round;
- percent of vote - Emmerson MNANGAGWA (ZANU-PF) 52.6%, Nelson CHAMISA (MDC-T) 44%, Wilbert MUBAIWA (NPC) 1.2%, other 2.2%
- 2018: Emmerson MNANGAGWA elected president in first round;
- percent of vote - Emmerson MNANGAGWA (ZANU-PF) 50.7%, Nelson CHAMISA (MDC-T) 44.4%, Thokozani KHUPE (MDC-N) 0.9%, other 4%
- expected date of next election:
- 2028
chief of state: President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 4 September 2023)
head of government: Vice President Constantino CHIWENGA (since 11 September 2023)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by president, responsible to National Assemblyelections/appointments: election/appointment process: each presidential candidate nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least 1 candidate from each province) and directly elected by absolute majority absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds rounds, if needed needed, for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 23 August 2023 (next to be held in 2028); co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership
most recent election date: 23 August 2023
election results:
2023: Emmerson MNANGAGWA reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Emmerson MNANGAGWA (ZANU-PF) 52.6%, Nelson CHAMISA (MDC-T) 44%, Wilbert MUBAIWA (NPC) 1.2%, other 2.2%
2018: Emmerson MNANGAGWA elected president in first round; percent of vote - Emmerson MNANGAGWA (ZANU-PF) 50.7%, Nelson CHAMISA (MDC-T) 44.4%, Thokozani KHUPE (MDC-N) 0.9%, other 4%
expected date of next election: 2028
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Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “Zimbabwe: Executive branch.” The World Factbook, 1990–2025 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/zimbabwe/executive-branch.