Chad

total:

0.88 cu km/yr (12%/12%/76%)

per capita:

84.81 cu m/yr (2005)

• hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north;
• periodic droughts;
• locust plagues

• inadequate supplies of potable water;
• improper waste disposal in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution;
• desertification

party to:

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:

Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping

noun:

Chadian(s)

adjective:

Chadian

at birth:

1.04 male(s)/female

0-14 years:

1.03 male(s)/female

15-24 years:

0.93 male(s)/female

25-54 years:

0.82 male(s)/female

55-64 years:

0.78 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.72 male(s)/female

total population:

0.93 male(s)/female (2013 est.)

degree of risk:

very high

food or waterborne diseases:

bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases:

malaria and dengue fever

water contact disease:

schistosomiasis

respiratory disease:

meningococcal meningitis

animal contact disease:

rabies (2013)

total number:

1,475,960

percentage:

48 % (2010 est.)

conventional long form:

Republic of Chad

conventional short form:

Chad

local long form:

Republique du Tchad/Jumhuriyat Tshad

local short form:

Tchad/Tshad

name:

N'Djamena

geographic coordinates:

12 06 N, 15 02 E

time difference:

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

• several previous;
• latest passed by referendum 31 March 1996, entered into force 8 April 1996;
• amended 2005 (2010)

chief of state:

President Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno (since 4 December 1990)

head of government:

Prime Minister Kalzeube Pahimi DEUBET (since 21 November 2013)

cabinet:

Council of State; members are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister; (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)

elections:

• president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
• if no candidate receives at least 50% of the total vote, the two candidates receiving the most votes must stand for a second round of voting;
• last election held on 25 April 2011 (next to be held by 2016);
• prime minister appointed by the president

election results:

Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno reelected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY 83.6%, Albert Pahimi PADACKE 8.6%, Nadji MADOU 7.8%

highest court(s):

• Supreme Court (consists of a chief justice and 15 judges or councilors and divided into 3 chambers);
• Constitutional Council (consists of 3 judges and 6 jurists)

judge selection and term of office:

• Supreme Court chief justice selected by the president;
• councilors - 8 designated by the president and 7 by the speaker of the National Assembly;
• chief justice and councilors appointed for life;
• Constitutional Council judges - 2 appointed by the president and 1 by the speaker of the National Assembly;
• jurists - 3 each by the president and by the speaker of the National Assembly;
• judges term NA

subordinate courts:

• High Court of Justice;
• Courts of Appeal;
• tribunals;
• justices of the peace

• Alliance for the Renaissance of Chad or ART, an alliance among the ruling MPS, RDP, and Viva-RNDP
• Federation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarledjy YORONGAR]
• National Rally for Development and Progress or Viva-RNDP [Delwa Kassire KOUMAKOYE]
• National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO]
• Party for Liberty and Development or PLD [Ibni Oumar Mahamat SALEH]
• Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Mahamat Saleh AHMAT, chairman]
• Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Lol Mahamat CHOUA]
• Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Gen. Wadal Abdelkader KAMOUGUE]

chief of mission:

Ambassador Maitine DJOUMBE (since 12 July 2012)

chancery:

2401 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:

[1] (202) 462-4009

FAX:

[1] (202) 265-1937

chief of mission:

Ambassador James KNIGHT (since 13 March 2013)

embassy:

Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena

mailing address:

B. P. 413, N'Djamena

telephone:

[235] 2251-70-09

FAX:

[235] 2251-56-54

• three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red;
• the flag combines the blue and red French (former colonial) colors with the red and yellow of the Pan-African colors;
• blue symbolizes the sky, hope, and the south of the country, which is relatively well-watered;
• yellow represents the sun, as well as the desert in the north of the country;
• red stands for progress, unity, and sacrifice

note: similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flags of Andorra and Moldova, both of which have a national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France

name:

"La Tchadienne" (The Chadian)

lyrics/music:

Louis GIDROL and his students/Paul VILLARD

note: adopted 1960

agriculture:

80% (2006 est.)

industry and services:

20% (2006 est.)

lowest 10%:

2.6%

highest 10%:

30.8% (2003)

general assessment:

inadequate system of radiotelephone communication stations with high costs and low telephone density

domestic:

fixed-line connections for less than 1 per 100 persons coupled with mobile-cellular subscribership base of only about 35 per 100 persons

international:

country code - 235; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)

• 1 state-owned TV station;
• state-owned radio network, Radiodiffusion Nationale Tchadienne (RNT), operates national and regional stations;
• about 10 private radio stations;
• some stations rebroadcast programs from international broadcasters (2007)

• 20 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service, with a 3-year service obligation;
• 18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary service;
• no minimum age restriction for volunteers with consent from a parent or guardian;
• women are subject to 1 year of compulsory military or civic service at age of 21 (2012)

males age 16-49:

2,090,244

females age 16-49:

2,441,321 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49:

1,183,242

females age 16-49:

1,395,811 (2010 est.)

male:

128,723

female:

128,244 (2010 est.)

• since 2003, ad hoc armed militia groups and the Sudanese military have driven hundreds of thousands of Darfur residents into Chad;
• Chad wishes to be a helpful mediator in resolving the Darfur conflict, and in 2010 established a joint border monitoring force with Sudan, which has helped to reduce cross-border banditry and violence;
• only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty, which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries

refugees (country of origin):

346,000 (Sudan); 78,950 (Central African Republic) (2013)

IDPs:

90,000 (majority are in the east) (2012)

current situation:

• Chad is a source, transit, and destination country for children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking;
• the trafficking problem is mainly internal and frequently involves family members entrusting children to relatives or intermediaries in return for promises of education, apprenticeships, goods, or money;
• child trafficking victims are subjected to involuntary domestic servitude, forced cattle herding, forced begging, involuntary agricultural labor, or commercial sexual exploitation;
• some Chadian girls who travel to larger towns in search of work are forced into prostitution;
• in 2012, Chadian children were identified in some government military training centers and among rebel groups

tier rating:

• Tier 2 Watch List - Chad does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking;
• however, it is making significant efforts to do so;
• the government has made a limited commitment to increased anti-trafficking law enforcement but continues to lack formal victim identification procedures;
• draft revisions to Chad's penal code that would prohibit child trafficking and provide protection for victims were not enacted for the third consecutive year;
• the government continues its nationwide campaign on human rights issues, including human trafficking, and high-ranking officials, such as the president and prime minister, are speaking out publicly against human trafficking (2013)