Israel

• Negev desert in the south;
• low coastal plain;
• central mountains;
• Jordan Rift Valley

total:

2.05 cu km/yr (31%/7%/62%)

per capita:

305 cu m/yr (2000)

• sandstorms may occur during spring and summer;
• droughts;
• periodic earthquakes

• limited arable land and natural freshwater resources pose serious constraints;
• desertification;
• air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions;
• groundwater pollution from industrial and domestic waste, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides

party to:

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:

Marine Life Conservation

• Lake Tiberias (Sea of Galilee) is an important freshwater source;
• the Dead Sea is the second saltiest body of water in the world (after Lake Assal in Djibouti);
• there are about 355 Israeli civilian sites including about 145 small outpost communities in the West Bank, 41 sites in the Golan Heights, and 32 in East Jerusalem (2010 est.)

noun:

Israeli(s)

adjective:

Israeli

at birth:

1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:

1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:

1.03 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.78 male(s)/female

total population:

1.01 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

conventional long form:

State of Israel

conventional short form:

Israel

local long form:

Medinat Yisra'el

local short form:

Yisra'el

name:

Jerusalem

geographic coordinates:

31 46 N, 35 14 E

time difference:

UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

daylight saving time:

+1hr, begins first Friday in April; ends the Sunday between the holidays of Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur

note: Israel proclaimed Jerusalem as its capital in 1950, but the US, like all other countries, maintains its Embassy in Tel Aviv

• no formal constitution;
• some of the functions of a constitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948), the Basic Laws of the parliament (Knesset), and the Israeli citizenship law;
• note - since May 2003 the Constitution, Law, and Justice Committee of the Knesset has been working on a draft constitution

chief of state:

President Shimon PERES (since 15 July 2007)

head of government:

Prime Minister Binyamin NETANYAHU (since 31 March 2009)

cabinet:

Cabinet selected by prime minister and approved by the Knesset; (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)

elections:

• president largely a ceremonial role and is elected by the Knesset for a seven-year term (one-term limit);
• election last held 13 June 2007 (next to be held in 2014 but can be called earlier);
• following legislative elections, the president, in consultation with party leaders, assigns the task of forming a governing coalition to a Knesset member who he or she determines is most likely to accomplish that task

election results:

• Shimon PERES elected president;
• number of votes in first round - Shimon PERES 58, Reuven RIVLIN 37, Colette AVITAL 21;
• PERES elected president in second round with 86 votes (unopposed)

• Atzmaut (Independence) Party [Ehud BARAK];
• Balad [Jamal ZAHALKA];
• Democratic Front for Peace and Equality (HADASH) [Muhammad BARAKEH];
• Kadima [Shaul MOFAZ];
• Labor Party [Shelly YECHIMOVICH];
• Likud [Binyamin NETANYAHU];
• National Union Uri ARIEL];
• SHAS [Eliyahu YISHAI];
• The Jewish Home (HaBayit HaYehudi) [Naftali BENNETT];
• The Movement (Hatnuah) [Tzipora "Tzipi" LIVNI];
• The New Movement-Meretz [Haim ORON];
• United Arab List-Ta'al [Ibrahim SARSUR];
• United Torah Judaism or UTJ [Yaakov LITZMAN];
• Yesh Atid [Yair LAPID];
• Yisrael Beiteinu or YB [Avigdor LIEBERMAN]

• B'Tselem [Jessica MONTELL, Executive Director] monitors human rights abuses;
• Peace Now [Yariv OPPENHEIMER, Secretary General] supports territorial concessions in the West Bank and Gaza Strip;
• YESHA Council of Settlements [Danny DAYAN, Chairman] promotes settler interests and opposes territorial compromise;
• Breaking the Silence [Yehuda SHAUL, Executive Director] collects testimonies from soldiers who served in the West Bank and Gaza Strip

chief of mission:

Ambassador Michael B. OREN

chancery:

3514 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:

[1] (202) 364-5500

FAX:

[1] (202) 364-5607

consulate(s) general:

Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco

chief of mission:

Ambassador Daniel B. SHAPIRO

embassy:

71 Hayarkon Street, Tel Aviv 63903

telephone:

[972] (3) 519-7575

FAX:

[972] (3) 516-4390

consulate(s) general:

Jerusalem; note - an independent US mission, established in 1928, whose members are not accredited to a foreign government

• white with a blue hexagram (six-pointed linear star) known as the Magen David (Shield of David) centered between two equal horizontal blue bands near the top and bottom edges of the flag;
• the basic design resembles a Jewish prayer shawl (tallit), which is white with blue stripes;
• the hexagram as a Jewish symbol dates back to medieval times

name:

"Hatikvah" (The Hope)

lyrics/music:

Naftali Herz IMBER/traditional, arranged by Samuel COHEN

note: adopted 2004, unofficial since 1948; used as the anthem of the Zionist movement since 1897; the 1888 arrangement by Samuel COHEN is thought to be based on the Romanian folk song "Carul cu boi" (The Ox Driven Cart)

agriculture:

2%

industry:

16%

services:

82% (September 2008)

lowest 10%:

2.5%

highest 10%:

24.3% (2008)

general assessment:

most highly developed system in the Middle East

domestic:

• good system of coaxial cable and microwave radio relay;
• all systems are digital;
• four privately-owned mobile-cellular service providers with countrywide coverage

international:

• country code - 972;
• submarine cables provide links to Europe, Cyprus, and parts of the Middle East;
• satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean)

• state broadcasting network, operated by the Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA), broadcasts on 2 channels, one in Hebrew and the other in Arabic;
• 5 commercial channels including a channel broadcasting in Russian, a channel broadcasting Knesset proceedings, and a music channel supervised by a public body;
• multi-channel satellite and cable TV packages provide access to foreign channels;
• IBA broadcasts on 8 radio networks with multiple repeaters and Israel Defense Forces Radio broadcasts over multiple stations;
• about 15 privately-owned radio stations;
• overall more than 100 stations and repeater stations (2008)

total:

975 km

country comparison to the world: 89

standard gauge:

975 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)

total:

18,290 km

country comparison to the world: 114

paved:

18,290 km (includes 146 km of expressways) (2008)

• 18 years of age for compulsory (Jews, Druzes) and voluntary (Christians, Muslims, Circassians) military service;
• both sexes are obligated to military service;
• conscript service obligation - 36 months for enlisted men, 21 months for enlisted women, 48 months for officers;
• pilots commit to 9 years service;
• reserve obligation to age 41-51 (men), 24 (women) (2012)

males age 16-49:

1,797,960

females age 16-49:

1,713,230 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49:

1,517,510

females age 16-49:

1,446,132 (2010 est.)

male:

62,304

female:

59,418 (2010 est.)

• West Bank and Gaza Strip are Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation;
• Israel continues construction of a "seam line" separation barrier along parts of the Green Line and within the West Bank;
• Israel withdrew its settlers and military from the Gaza Strip and from four settlements in the West Bank in August 2005;
• Golan Heights is Israeli-occupied (Lebanon claims the Shab'a Farms area of Golan Heights);
• since 1948, about 350 peacekeepers from the UN Truce Supervision Organization headquartered in Jerusalem monitor ceasefires, supervise armistice agreements, prevent isolated incidents from escalating, and assist other UN personnel in the region

• increasingly concerned about ecstasy, cocaine, and heroin abuse;
• drugs arrive in country from Lebanon and, increasingly, from Jordan;
• money-laundering center