Luxembourg

• mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys;
• uplands to slightly mountainous in the north;
• steep slope down to Moselle flood plain in the southeast

noun:

Luxembourger(s)

adjective:

Luxembourg

total:

40.1 years (2025 est.)

male:

39.4 years

female:

40.4 years

at birth:

1.06 male(s)/female

0-14 years:

1.06 male(s)/female

15-64 years:

1.05 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.85 male(s)/female

total population:

1.02 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

total:

3.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

male:

3.6 deaths/1,000 live births

female:

2.8 deaths/1,000 live births

total population:

83.4 years (2024 est.)

male:

80.9 years

female:

85.9 years

total:

11 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

beer:

4.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

wine:

4.73 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

spirits:

2.14 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

other alcohols:

0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

total:

21% (2025 est.)

male:

22.1% (2025 est.)

female:

19.9% (2025 est.)

urban population:

92.1% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization:

1.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

municipal solid waste generated annually:

490,300 tons (2024 est.)

percent of municipal solid waste recycled:

42% (2022 est.)

municipal:

43.53 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

industrial:

1.83 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

agricultural:

490,000 cubic meters (2022 est.)

total global geoparks and regional networks:

1

global geoparks and regional networks:

Mëllerdall (2023)

conventional long form:

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

conventional short form:

Luxembourg

local long form:

Grand Duché de Luxembourg

local short form:

Luxembourg

etymology:

probably derived from an early Celtic or Germanic form of the name, Lucilinburhuc, that was thought to mean "little fortress;" the name first referred to the city and was later used for the country

name:

Luxembourg

geographic coordinates:

49 36 N, 6 07 E

time difference:

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time:

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology:

probably derived from an early Celtic or Germanic form of the name, Lucilinburhuc, that was thought to mean "little fortress;" the name first referred to the city and was later used for the country

history:

previous 1842 (heavily amended 1848, 1856); latest effective 17 October 1868

amendment process:

• proposed by the Chamber of Deputies or by the monarch to the Chamber;
• passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Chamber in two successive readings three months apart;
• a referendum can be substituted for the second reading if approved by more than a quarter of the Chamber members or by 25,000 valid voters;
• adoption by referendum requires a majority of all valid voters

chief of state:

Grand Duke GUILLAUME (since 3 October 2025)

head of government:

Prime Minister Luc FRIEDEN (since 17 November 2023)

cabinet:

Council of Ministers recommended by the prime minister, appointed by the monarch

election/appointment process:

• the monarchy is hereditary;
• following elections to the Chamber of Deputies, monarch usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister;
• deputy prime minister also appointed by the monarch;
• prime minister and deputy prime minister are responsible to the Chamber of Deputies

legislature name:

Chamber of Deputies (Chambre des députés)

legislative structure:

unicameral

number of seats:

60 (all directly elected)

electoral system:

proportional representation

scope of elections:

full renewal

term in office:

5 years

most recent election date:

10/8/2023

parties elected and seats per party:

• Christian Social People's Party (CSV) (21);
• Democratic Party (PD/DP) (14);
• Socialist Workers' Party (POSL/LSAP) (11);
• Alternative Democratic Reform Party (ADR) (5);
• Greens (DEI GRÉNG) (4);
• Pirate Party (PIRATEN) (3);
• Other (2)

percentage of women in chamber:

35%

expected date of next election:

October 2028

note: a 21-member Council of State is appointed by the Grand Duke on the advice of the prime minister and serves as an advisory body to the Chamber of Deputies

highest court(s):

Supreme Court of Justice includes Court of Appeal and Court of Cassation (consists of 27 judges on 9 benches); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)

judge selection and term of office:

judges of both courts appointed by the monarch for life

subordinate courts:

Court of Accounts; district and local tribunals and courts

• Alternative Democratic Reform Party or ADR
• Christian Social People's Party or CSV
• Democratic Party or DP
• Green Party
• Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party or LSAP
• Pirate Party
• The Left (dei Lenk/la Gauche)

chief of mission:

Ambassador Nicole BINTNER-BAKSHIAN (since 15 August 2021)

chancery:

2200 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:

[1] (202) 265-4171

FAX:

[1] (202) 328-8270

email address and website:

[email protected]; https://washington.mae.lu/en.html

consulate(s) general:

New York, San Francisco

chief of mission:

Ambassador Stacey FEINBERG (since 13 November 2025)

embassy:

22 Boulevard Emmanuel Servais, L-2535 Luxembourg City

mailing address:

5380 Luxembourg Place, Washington DC 20521-5380

telephone:

[352] 46-01-23-00

FAX:

[352] 46-14-01

email address and website:

[email protected]; https://lu.usembassy.gov/

description:

three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and light blue

history:

the colors are derived from the Grand Duke's coat of arms

note: similar to the flag of the Netherlands, which is shorter and uses a darker blue

title:

"Ons Heemecht" (Our Motherland)

lyrics/music:

Michel LENTZ/Jean-Antoine ZINNEN

history:

adopted 1864; _____

title:

“De Wilhelmus” (The William)

lyrics/music:

Nikolaus WELTER

history:

adopted 1919; royal anthem, for use when members of the grand ducal family enter or exit a ceremony in Luxembourg

total World Heritage Sites:

1 (cultural)

selected World Heritage Site locales:

Luxembourg City Old Quarters and Fortifications

• high-income EU and eurozone economy;
• global, highly capitalized banking sector;
• one of highest GDP-per-capita countries;
• strengthened domestic demand and lower interest rates contributing to economic growth;
• challenges include pension-system sustainability, labor-market dynamics, and energy price volatility

agriculture:

0.2% (2024 est.)

industry:

9% (2024 est.)

services:

81.9% (2024 est.)

note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

total:

20.2% (2024 est.)

male:

16.9% (2024 est.)

female:

24.2% (2024 est.)

note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

lowest 10%:

2.9% (2022 est.)

highest 10%:

25.6% (2022 est.)

note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

consumption:

34,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

exports:

30.2 metric tons (2022 est.)

imports:

34,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

consumption:

556.63 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

imports:

552.714 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

• long national tradition of operating radio and TV services for pan-European audiences;
• home to Europe's largest privately owned broadcast media group, the RTL Group, which operates 46 TV stations and 29 radio stations in Europe;
• also home to Europe's largest satellite operator, Société Européenne des Satellites (SES);
• domestically, the RTL Group operates TV and radio networks;
• other domestic private radio and TV operators and French and German stations available;
• satellite and cable TV services available

• Luxembourg Space Agency was established in 2018 to develop space policy, encourage and coordinate commercial space ventures, support space education, and promote the country’s space-related capabilities internationally;
• has a national space strategy;
• has set up policy and funding initiatives (such as LuxIMPULSE) to encourage research, development, innovation, and entrepreneurship and attract space-based industries;
• focuses on developing commercial satellites and infrastructure, as well as other capabilities and technologies;
• hosts some of the largest commercial satellite companies in the world;
• member of the ESA since 2005 and participates in a variety of ESA programs;
• cooperates bilaterally with individual ESA and EU member states;
• also works with other foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Canada, China, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, the UAE, and the US (2025)

• 1980s - began creating a satellite telecommunications infrastructure for Europe
• 2014 - first privately built probe to successfully fly by the Moon (launched by China)
• 2018 - developed communications satellite (GOVSAT-1) to support the EU’s secure communications and space situational awareness program (GOVSATCOM)
• 2020 - signed US-led Artemis Accords for space exploration and agreed to join the Moon exploration mission
• 2021 - launched Luxembourg’s Quantum Communications Infrastructure project (LuxQCI) in support of the EU’s Quantum Communications Infrastructure (EuroQCI)
• 2025 - launched the Luxembourg Earth Observation System (LUXEOSys) satellite, part of a national space-based remote sensing program

refugees:

14,344 (2024 est.)

stateless persons:

85 (2024 est.)