Netherlands Antilles

parliamentaryIndependence none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

Netherlands Antilles as the 2002 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 112 fields, one of 21 editions from 1990 to 2010.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalWillemstad
Position12 15 N, 68 45 W
Area960 sq km
LocationCaribbean, two island groups in the Caribbean Sea - one includes Curacao and Bonaire north of Venezuela
Populationas each edition published it
214,258 people July 2002 est. · 183,503 in 1990
Population growth% a year
0.93% 2002 est. · 0.4% in 1993
Median ageyears
Not in this edition 31.8 yrs in 2003
Life expectancyyears at birth
75.15 years 2002 est. · 75.73 yrs in 1993
Fertility ratechildren per woman
2.06 children per woman 2002 est. · 2 in 1990
Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births
11.06 deaths per 1,000 live births 2002 est. · 9 in 1990
GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars
$11,400 2000 est. · $8,700 in 1993
GDP real growth% a year
-3.5% 2000 est. · 4% in 1993

Introduction

1 field

Background

Once the center of the Caribbean slave trade, the island of Curacao was hard hit by the abolition of slavery in 1863. Its prosperity (and that of neighboring Aruba) was restored in the early 20th century with the construction of oil refineries to service the newly discovered Venezuelan oil fields. The island of Saint Martin is shared with France; its northern portion is named Saint-Martin and is part of Guadeloupe, and its southern portion is named Sint Maarten and is part of the Netherlands Antilles.

Geography

Caribbean, two island groups in the Caribbean Sea - one includes Curacao and Bonaire north of Venezuela; the other is east of the Virgin Islands

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Land useshare of 960 sq km

arable land 10%permanent crops 0%other 90% (1998 est.)
Area
960sq km
note: includes Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten (Dutch part of the island of Saint Martin)water: 0 sq kmland: 960 sq kmmore than five times the size of Washington, DC
Coastline
364km
exclusive fishing zone: 12 NMterritorial sea: 12 NM
Highest point
862m
Mount Scenerylowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
Land boundaries
10.2km
border countries: Guadeloupe (Saint Martin) 10.2 km

Location

Caribbean, two island groups in the Caribbean Sea - one includes Curacao and Bonaire north of Venezuela; the other is east of the Virgin Islands

Geographic coordinates

12 15 N, 68 45 W

Map references

Central America and the Caribbean

Climate

tropical; ameliorated by northeast trade winds

Terrain

generally hilly, volcanic interiors

Natural resources

phosphates (Curacao only), salt (Bonaire only)

Natural hazards

  • Curacao and Bonaire are south of Caribbean hurricane belt and are rarely threatened;
  • Sint Maarten, Saba, and Sint Eustatius are subject to hurricanes from July to October

Geography - note

the five islands of the Netherlands Antilles are divided geographically into the Leeward Islands (northern) group (Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten) and the Windward Islands (southern) group (Bonaire and Curacao)

People

18 fields
Population
214,258
(July 2002 est.)growth rate: 0.93% (2002 est.)

Per 1,000 population(2002 est.)

Birth
16.16Death
6.4Net migration
-0.42

Male · female

TotalMale · femaleLife expectancy years (2002 est.)75.15
72.96 · 77.46
TotalMale · femaleLiteracy (1981 est.)98%
98% · 99%
MaleFemaleLiteracy definition: age 15 and over can read and write

Age structure

0-14 years:
25% (male 27,351; female 26,135)
15-64 years:
67.1% (male 68,431; female 75,312)
65 years and over:
7.9% (male 7,049; female 9,980) (2002 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years:
0.91 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.71 male(s)/female
total population:
0.92 male(s)/female (2002 est.)

Infant mortality rate

11.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)

Total fertility rate

2.06 children born/woman (2002 est.)

Nationality

noun:
Dutch Antillean(s)
adjective:
Dutch Antillean

Ethnic groups

mixed black 85%, Carib Amerindian, white, East Asian

Religions

Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, Seventh-Day Adventist

Languages

Dutch (official), Papiamento (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect) predominates, English widely spoken, Spanish

Government

Parliamentary; Queen BEATRIX of the Netherlands (since 30 April 1980), represented by Governor General Frits GOEDGEDRAG (since 1 July 2002); Prime Minister Etienne YS (since 3 June 2002)

19 fields

States or Staten, 22 seats, elected 18 January 2002one dot, one seat

FOL 5PAR 4PNP 3PLKP 2DP-St.M 2UPB 2DP 1MAN 1PDB 1WIPM 1

Country name

conventional long form:
none
conventional short form:
Netherlands Antilles
local long form:
none
former:
Curacao and Dependencies
local short form:
Nederlandse Antillen

Dependency status

  • part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands;
  • full autonomy in internal affairs granted in 1954;
  • Dutch Government responsible for defense and foreign affairs

Government type

parliamentary

Capital

Willemstad

Administrative divisions

none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) note: each island has its own government

Independence

none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

National holiday

Queen's Day (Birthday of Queen-Mother JULIANA in 1909 and accession to the throne of her oldest daughter BEATRIX in 1980), 30 April

Constitution

29 December 1954, Statute of the Realm of the Netherlands, as amended

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch

chief of state:
Queen BEATRIX of the Netherlands (since 30 April 1980), represented by Governor General Frits GOEDGEDRAG (since 1 July 2002)
head of government:
Prime Minister Etienne YS (since 3 June 2002)
elections:
  • the monarch is hereditary;
  • governor general appointed by the monarch for a six-year term;
  • following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is usually elected prime minister by the Staten;
  • election last held 18 January 2002 (next to be held by NA 2006)

note: government coalition - PDB, DP-St. M, FOL, PLKP, PNP

cabinet:
Council of Ministers elected by the Staten

Legislative branch

unicameral States or Staten (22 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FOL 5, PAR 4, PNP 3, PLKP 2, DP-St.M 2, UPB 2, DP 1, MAN 1, PDB 1, WIPM 1

note: the government of Prime Minister Miguel POURIER is a coalition of several parties; current seats by party - PAR 4, PNP 3, FOL 2, MAN 2, UPB 2, DP-St. M 2, PDB 1, SEA 1, WIPM 1, other 4

elections:
last held 18 January 2002 (next to be held NA 2006)

Judicial branch

Joint High Court of Justice (judges appointed by the monarch)

Political parties and leaders

  • Antillean Restructuring Party or PAR [Miguel POURIER];
  • C 93 [Stanley BROWN];
  • Democratic Party of Bonaire or PDB [Jopi ABRAHAM];
  • Democratic Party of Curacao or DP [Errol HERNANDEZ];
  • Democratic Party of Sint Eustatius or DP-St. E [Julian WOODLEY];
  • Democratic Party of Sint Maarten or DP-St. M [Sarah WESCOTT-WILLIAMS];
  • Foundation Energetic Management Anti-Narcotics or FAME [Eric LODEWIJKS];
  • Labor Party People's Crusade or PLKP [Errol COVA];
  • National People's Party or PNP [Susanne F. C. CAMELIA-ROMER];
  • New Antilles Movement or MAN [Kenneth GIJSBERTHA];
  • Patriotic Union of Bonaire or UPB [Ramon BOOI];
  • Patriotic Movement of Sint Maarten or SPA [Vance JAMES, Jr.];
  • People's Party or PAPU [Richard Hodi];
  • Pro Curacao Party or PPK [Winston LOURENS];
  • Saba Democratic Labor Movement [Steve HASSELL];
  • Saba Unity Party [Carmen SIMMONDS];
  • St. Eustatius Alliance or SEA [Kenneth VAN PUTTEN];
  • Serious Alternative People's Party or Sapp [Julian ROLLOCKS];
  • Social Action Cause or KAS [Benny DEMEI];
  • Windward Islands People's Movement or WIPM [Will JOHNSTON];
  • Workers' Liberation Front or FOL [Anthony GODETT, Rignald LAK, Editha WRIGHT]

note: political parties are indigenous to each island

International organization participation

Caricom (observer), CCC, ECLAC (associate), Interpol, IOC, UNESCO (associate), UPU, WCL, WMO, WToO (associate)

Diplomatic representation in the US

none (represented by the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission:
Consul General Deborah A. BOLTON
consulate(s) general:
J. B. Gorsiraweg #1, Willemstad AN, Curacao
mailing address:
P. O. Box 158, Willemstad, Curacao
telephone:
[599] (9) 4613066
FAX:
[599] (9) 4616489

Flag description

  • white, with a horizontal blue stripe in the center superimposed on a vertical red band, also centered;
  • five white, five-pointed stars are arranged in an oval pattern in the center of the blue band;
  • the five stars represent the five main islands of Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten

Economy

Tourism, petroleum refining, and offshore finance are the mainstays of this small economy, which is closely tied to the outside world.

32 fields
Real growth rate
-3.5%
(2000 est.)industrial production growth: NA%
Unemployment rate
15%
(1998 est.)

GDP - composition by sector(1996 est.)

agriculture 1%industry 15%services 84% (1996 est.)

Trading partnersexports left, imports right

35.9%
US
25.8%
Mexico
20.7%
9.4%
Guatemala
8.7%
Venezuela
Gabon
6.6%
Italy
5.8%
Netherlands
5.5%
5.4%
France
2.8%
Singapore
Exports $276 million f.o.b. (2000)Imports $1.5 billion f.o.b. (2000)(2000)

Budget

Revenues
$710.8 millionExpenditures
$741.6 million (1997 est.)
expenditures including capital expenditures of $NA

Electricity

fossil fuel 100%hydro 0% · other 0% · nuclear 0%
Electricity production
1.175 billion (2000)Electricity consumption
1.093 billion (2000)

Economy - overview

Tourism, petroleum refining, and offshore finance are the mainstays of this small economy, which is closely tied to the outside world. Although GDP has declined in each of the past five years, the islands enjoy a high per capita income and a well-developed infrastructure compared with other countries in the region.

Almost all consumer and capital goods are imported, the US and Mexico being the major suppliers. Poor soils and inadequate water supplies hamper the development of agriculture.

GDP

purchasing power parity - $2.4 billion (2000 est.)

GDP - per capita

purchasing power parity - $11,400 (2000 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture 1%, industry 13%, services 86% (1994 est.)

Industries

tourism (Curacao, Sint Maarten, and Bonaire), petroleum refining (Curacao), petroleum transshipment facilities (Curacao and Bonaire), light manufacturing (Curacao)

Agriculture - products

aloes, sorghum, peanuts, vegetables, tropical fruit

Exports

$276 million f.o.b. (2000)

Exports - commodities

petroleum products

Imports

$1.5 billion f.o.b. (2000)

Imports - commodities

crude petroleum, food, manufactures

Debt - external

$1.35 billion (1996) (1996)

Economic aid - recipient

IMF provided $61 million in 2000, and the Netherlands continued its support with $40 million

Currency

Netherlands Antillean guilder (ANG)

Exchange rates

Netherlands Antillean guilders per US dollar - 1.790 (fixed rate since 1989)

Fiscal year

calendar year

Communications

10 fields
Mobile cellular
13,977
(1996)
Fixed lines
76,000
(1995) · country code .an

Telephone system

general assessment:
generally adequate facilities
domestic:
extensive interisland microwave radio relay links
international:
submarine cables - 2; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

Radio broadcast stations

AM 9, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)

Radios

217,000 (1997)

Television broadcast stations

3 (there is also a cable service which supplies programs received from various US satellite networks and two Venezuelan channels) (1997)

Televisions

69,000 (1997)

Internet users

2,000 (2000)

Transportation

7 fields

Merchant marine, 123 ships by typeships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,056,362 GRT/1,341,735 DWT

bulk 2cargo 39chemical tanker 2combination ore/oil 4container 24liquefied gas 5multi-functional large-load carrier 15passenger 1refrigerated cargo 24roll on/roll off 7note: includes foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 3, Denmark 2, Germany 43, Monaco 8, Netherlands 52, New Zealand 1, Norway 3, Peru 1, Spain 1, Sweden 3, United Kingdom 5 (2002 est.)

Airports by runway lengthpaved only

over 3,047 m
11,524 to 2,437 m
1914 to 1,523 m
1under 914 m
1

Networkskm

Highways
600Railways
0 (2002)
Highways: paved: 300 km · unpaved: 300 km (1992)

Highways

total:
600 km
paved:
300 km
unpaved:
300 km (1992)

Ports and harbors

Kralendijk, Philipsburg, Willemstad

Airports

5 (2001)

Military

No regular indigenous military forces; Royal Netherlands Navy, Marine Corps, Royal Netherlands Air Force, National Guard, Police Force

6 fields

Military branches

no regular indigenous military forces; Royal Netherlands Navy, Marine Corps, Royal Netherlands Air Force, National Guard, Police Force

Military manpower - military age

20 years of age (2002 est.)

Military manpower - availability

males age 15-49: 54,752 (2002 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service

males age 15-49: 30,642 (2002 est.)

Military - note

defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands

Transnational Issues

2 fields

Illicit drugs

transshipment point for South American drugs bound for the US and Europe; money-laundering center

Cite this entry

Central Intelligence Agency. “Netherlands Antilles.” The World Factbook 2002. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/netherlands-antilles/2002.