Netherlands Antilles

parliamentaryIndependence none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

Netherlands Antilles as the 2005 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 111 fields, one of 21 editions from 1990 to 2010.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalWillemstad
Position12 15 N, 68 45 W
Area960 sq km
Populationas each edition published it
219,958 people July 2005 est. · 183,503 in 1990
Population growth% a year
0.82% 2005 est. · 0.4% in 1993
Median ageyears
32.46 years 2005 est. · 31.8 yrs in 2003
Life expectancyyears at birth
75.83 years 2005 est. · 75.73 yrs in 1993
Fertility ratechildren per woman
2 children per woman 2005 est. · 2 in 1990
Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births
10.03 deaths per 1,000 live births 2005 est. · 9 in 1990
GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars
$11,400 2003 est. · $8,700 in 1993
GDP real growth% a year
0.5% 2003 est. · 4% in 1993

Introduction

1 field

Background

Once the center of the Caribbean slave trade, the island of Curacao was hard hit by the abolition of slavery in 1863. Its prosperity (and that of neighboring Aruba) was restored in the early 20th century with the construction of oil refineries to service the newly discovered Venezuelan oil fields. The island of Saint Martin is shared with France; its southern portion is named Sint Maarten and is part of the Netherlands Antilles; its northern portion is called Saint-Martin and is part of Guadeloupe (France).

Geography

Caribbean, two island groups in the Caribbean Sea - composed of five islands, Curacao and Bonaire located off the coast of Venezuela, and St. Maarten, Saba, and St. Eustatius lie east of the US Virgin Islands

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Land useshare of 960 sq km

arable land 10%permanent crops 0%other 90% (2001)
Area
960sq km
land: 960 sq kmwater: 0 sq kmnote: includes Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten (Dutch part of the island of Saint Martin)more than five times the size of Washington, DC
Coastline
364km
territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive fishing zone: 12 nm
Highest point
862m
Mount Scenerylowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
Land boundaries
10.2km
border countries: Guadeloupe (Saint-Martin) 10.2 km

Location

Caribbean, two island groups in the Caribbean Sea - composed of five islands, Curacao and Bonaire located off the coast of Venezuela, and St. Maarten, Saba, and St. Eustatius lie east of the US Virgin Islands

Geographic coordinates

12 15 N, 68 45 W

Map references

Central America and the Caribbean

Climate

tropical; ameliorated by northeast trade winds

Terrain

generally hilly, volcanic interiors

Natural resources

phosphates (Curacao only), salt (Bonaire only)

Natural hazards

  • Curacao and Bonaire are south of Caribbean hurricane belt and are rarely threatened;
  • Sint Maarten, Saba, and Sint Eustatius are subject to hurricanes from July to October

Geography - note

the five islands of the Netherlands Antilles are divided geographically into the Leeward Islands (northern) group (Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten) and the Windward Islands (southern) group (Bonaire and Curacao)

People

19 fields

Age structuremale left, female right · (2005 est.)

7,673
65 and over8.5%
10,995
70,838
15-6467.3%
77,148
27,302
0-1424.2%
26,002
MaleFemale
Population
219,958
(July 2005 est.)growth rate: 0.82% (2005 est.)

Per 1,000 population(2005 est.)

Birth
15Death
6.41Net migration
-0.4

Male · female

TotalMale · femaleLife expectancy years (2005 est.)75.83
73.58 · 78.2Infant mortality deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)10.03
10.82 · 9.19
TotalMale · femaleLiteracy (2003 est.)96.7%
96.7% · 96.8%Median age years (2005 est.)32.46
30.86 · 34.01
MaleFemaleLiteracy definition: age 15 and over can read and write

Religions(2001 census)

Roman Catholic 72%Pentecostal 4.9%Protestant 3.5%Seventh-Day Adventist 3.1%Methodist 2.9%Jehovah's Witnesses 1.7%other Christian 4.2%Jewish 1.3%other or unspecified 1.2%none 5.2% (2001 census)

Sex ratio

at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years:
0.92 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.7 male(s)/female
total population:
0.93 male(s)/female (2005 est.)

Total fertility rate

2 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Nationality

noun:
Dutch Antillean(s)
adjective:
Dutch Antillean

Ethnic groups

mixed black 85%, Carib Amerindian, white, East Asian

Languages

Papiamento 65.4% (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect), English 15.9% (widely spoken), Dutch 7.3% (official), Spanish 6.1%, Creole 1.6%, other 1.9%, unspecified 1.8% (2001 census)

Government

Parliamentary; Queen BEATRIX of the Netherlands (since 30 April 1980), represented by Governor General Frits GOEDGEDRAG (since 1 July 2002); Prime Minister Etienne YS (since 3 June 2004)

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Country name

conventional long form:
none
conventional short form:
Netherlands Antilles
local long form:
none
local short form:
Nederlandse Antillen
former:
Curacao and Dependencies

Dependency status

  • an autonomous country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands;
  • full autonomy in internal affairs granted in 1954;
  • Dutch Government responsible for defense and foreign affairs

Government type

parliamentary

Capital

Willemstad; note - located on Curacao, the largest of the islands

Administrative divisions

none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) note: each island has its own government

Independence

none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

National holiday

Queen's Day (Birthday of Queen-Mother JULIANA in 1909 and accession to the throne of her oldest daughter BEATRIX in 1980), 30 April

Constitution

29 December 1954, Statute of the Realm of the Netherlands, as amended

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch

chief of state:
Queen BEATRIX of the Netherlands (since 30 April 1980), represented by Governor General Frits GOEDGEDRAG (since 1 July 2002)
head of government:
Prime Minister Etienne YS (since 3 June 2004)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers elected by the Staten (legislature)
elections:
  • the monarch is hereditary;
  • governor general appointed by the monarch for a six-year term;
  • following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is usually elected prime minister by the Staten;
  • election last held 18 January 2002 (next to be held by NA 2006)

note: government coalition - PAR, PNP, PLKP, DP St. Maarten, UP Bonaire, WIPM Saba, DP Statia

Legislative branch

unicameral States or Staten (22 seats - Curacao 14, Bonaire 3, St. Maarten 3, St. Eustatius 1, Saba 1; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 18 January 2002 (next to be held in 2006)
election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PAR 4, PNP 3, PLKP 2, DP St. M 2, UP Bonaire 2, WIPM 1, DP

note: the government of Prime Minister Etienne YS is a coalition of several parties; current government formed after collapse of FOL led government on 4 April 2004

Judicial branch

Joint High Court of Justice (judges appointed by the monarch)

Political parties and leaders

  • Antillean Restructuring Party or PAR [Etienne YS];
  • C 93 [Stanley BROWN];
  • Democratic Party of Bonaire or PDB [Jopi ABRAHAM];
  • Democratic Party of Curacao or DP [Errol HERNANDEZ];
  • Democratic Party of Sint Eustatius or DP-St. E [Julian WOODLEY];
  • Democratic Party of Sint Maarten or DP-St. M [Sarah WESCOTT-WILLIAMS];
  • Foundation Energetic Management Anti-Narcotics or FAME [Eric LODEWIJKS];
  • Labor Party People's Crusade or PLKP [Errol COVA];
  • National Alliance [William MARLIN];
  • National People's Party or PNP [Susanne F. C. CAMELIA-ROMER];
  • New Antilles Movement or MAN [Kenneth GIJSBERTHA];
  • Patriotic Union of Bonaire or UP Bonaire [Ramonsito BOOI];
  • Patriotic Movement of Sint Maarten or SPA [Vance JAMES, Jr.];
  • People's Party or PAPU [Richard HODI];
  • Pro Curacao Party or PPK [Winston LOURENS];
  • Saba Democratic Labor Movement [Steve HASSELL];
  • Saba Unity Party [Carmen SIMMONDS];
  • St. Eustatius Alliance or SEA [Kenneth VAN PUTTEN];
  • Serious Alternative People's Party or Sapp [Julian ROLLOCKS];
  • Social Action Cause or KAS [Benny DEMEI];
  • Windward Islands People's Movement or WIPM [Will JOHNSTON];
  • Workers' Liberation Front or FOL [Anthony GODETT, Rignald LAK, Editha WRIGHT]

note: political parties are indigenous to each island

International organization participation

ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, UNESCO (associate), UPU, WCL, WCO, WMO, WToO (associate)

Diplomatic representation in the US

none (represented by the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission:
Consul General Robert E. SORENSON
consulate(s) general:
J. B. Gorsiraweg #1, Willemstad AN, Curacao
mailing address:
P. O. Box 158, Willemstad, Curacao
telephone:
[599] (9) 4613066
FAX:
[599] (9) 4616489

Flag description

  • white, with a horizontal blue stripe in the center superimposed on a vertical red band, also centered;
  • five white, five-pointed stars are arranged in an oval pattern in the center of the blue band;
  • the five stars represent the five main islands of Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten

Economy

Tourism, petroleum refining, and offshore finance are the mainstays of this small economy, which is closely tied to the outside world.

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GDP, purchasing power parity
$2.45billion
(2003 est.)
Real growth rate
0.5%
(2003 est.)industrial production growth: NA%
Unemployment rate
15.6%
(2002 est.)

GDP - composition by sector(2000 est.)

agriculture 1%industry 15%services 84% (2000 est.)

Budget

Revenues
$710.8 millionExpenditures
$741.6 million (1997 est.)
expenditures including capital expenditures of NA

Electricity

Electricity production
1.005 billion (2002)Electricity consumption
934.3 million (2002)

Economy - overview

Tourism, petroleum refining, and offshore finance are the mainstays of this small economy, which is closely tied to the outside world. Although GDP has declined or grown slightly in each of the past eight years, the islands enjoy a high per capita income and a well-developed infrastructure compared with other countries in the region.

Almost all consumer and capital goods are imported, the US and Mexico being the major suppliers. Poor soils and inadequate water supplies hamper the development of agriculture. Budgetary problems hamper reform of the health and pension systems of an aging population.

GDP - per capita

purchasing power parity - $11,400 (2003 est.)

Labor force

89,000 (2000)

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture 1%, industry 13%, services 86% (2000 est.)

Agriculture - products

aloes, sorghum, peanuts, vegetables, tropical fruit

Industries

tourism (Curacao, Sint Maarten, and Bonaire), petroleum refining (Curacao), petroleum transshipment facilities (Curacao and Bonaire), light manufacturing (Curacao)

Oil - production

0 bbl/day (2001 est.)

Oil - consumption

72,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)

Exports

$1.579 billion f.o.b. (2002)

Exports - commodities

petroleum products

Exports - partners

US 20.4%, Panama 11.2%, Guatemala 8.8%, Haiti 7.1%, Bahamas, The 5.6%, Honduras 4.2% (2004)

Imports

$2.233 billion f.o.b. (2002)

Imports - commodities

crude petroleum, food, manufactures

Imports - partners

Venezuela 51.1%, US 21.9%, Netherlands 5% (2004)

Debt - external

$1.35 billion (1996)

Economic aid - recipient

IMF provided $61 million in 2000, and the Netherlands continued its support with $40 million (2000)

Currency (code)

Netherlands Antillean guilder (ANG)

Exchange rates

Netherlands Antillean guilders per US dollar - 1.79 (2004), 1.79 (2003), 1.79 (2002), 1.79 (2001), 1.79 (2000)

Fiscal year

calendar year

Communications

8 fields
Mobile cellular
81,000
(2001)
Fixed lines
81,000
(2001) · country code .an

Telephone system

general assessment:
generally adequate facilities
domestic:
extensive interisland microwave radio relay links
international:
  • country code - 599;
  • submarine cables - 2;
  • satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

Radio broadcast stations

AM 8, FM 19, shortwave 0 (2004)

Television broadcast stations

3 (there is also a cable service, which supplies programs received from various US satellite networks and two Venezuelan channels) (2004)

Internet users

2,000 (2000)

Transportation

5 fields

Merchant marine, 168 ships by typeships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,317,007 GRT/1,668,499 DWT

barge carrier 3bulk carrier 23cargo 72chemical tanker 2container 21liquefied gas 6passenger 2petroleum tanker 3refrigerated cargo 30roll on/roll off 4specialized tanker 2foreign-owned: 158 (Belgium 5, Cyprus 1, Denmark 1, Germany 57, Hong Kong 3, Netherlands 71, Peru 1, Sweden 9, Turkey 7, United Kingdom 2, United States 1) (2005)

Airports by runway lengthpaved only

over 3,047 m
12038 to 3047 m
11,524 to 2,437 m
1914 to 1,523 m
1under 914 m
1

Highways

total:
600 km
paved:
300 km
unpaved:
300 km

Ports and harbors

Bopec Terminal, Fuik Bay, Kralendijk, Willemstad

Airports

5 (2004 est.)

Military

National Guard, Police Force

6 fields

Military branches

National Guard, Police Force

Military service age and obligation

16 years of age for military recruitment; no conscription (July 2002)

Manpower available for military service

males age 16-49: 54,200 (2005 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 16-49: 45,273 (2005 est.)

Military - note

defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands

Transnational Issues

2 fields

Illicit drugs

transshipment point for South American drugs bound for the US and Europe; money-laundering center

Cite this entry

Central Intelligence Agency. “Netherlands Antilles.” The World Factbook 2005. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/netherlands-antilles/2005.