Netherlands Antilles
parliamentaryIndependence none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
Netherlands Antilles as the 2005 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 111 fields, one of 21 editions from 1990 to 2010.
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Introduction
1 fieldBackground
Once the center of the Caribbean slave trade, the island of Curacao was hard hit by the abolition of slavery in 1863. Its prosperity (and that of neighboring Aruba) was restored in the early 20th century with the construction of oil refineries to service the newly discovered Venezuelan oil fields. The island of Saint Martin is shared with France; its southern portion is named Sint Maarten and is part of the Netherlands Antilles; its northern portion is called Saint-Martin and is part of Guadeloupe (France).
Geography
Caribbean, two island groups in the Caribbean Sea - composed of five islands, Curacao and Bonaire located off the coast of Venezuela, and St. Maarten, Saba, and St. Eustatius lie east of the US Virgin Islands
17 fieldsLand useshare of 960 sq km
Location
Caribbean, two island groups in the Caribbean Sea - composed of five islands, Curacao and Bonaire located off the coast of Venezuela, and St. Maarten, Saba, and St. Eustatius lie east of the US Virgin Islands
Natural hazards
- Curacao and Bonaire are south of Caribbean hurricane belt and are rarely threatened;
- Sint Maarten, Saba, and Sint Eustatius are subject to hurricanes from July to October
Geography - note
the five islands of the Netherlands Antilles are divided geographically into the Leeward Islands (northern) group (Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten) and the Windward Islands (southern) group (Bonaire and Curacao)
People
19 fieldsAge structuremale left, female right · (2005 est.)
Per 1,000 population(2005 est.)
Male · female
Religions(2001 census)
Sex ratio
- at birth:
- 1.05 male(s)/female
- under 15 years:
- 1.05 male(s)/female
- 15-64 years:
- 0.92 male(s)/female
- 65 years and over:
- 0.7 male(s)/female
- total population:
- 0.93 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Languages
Papiamento 65.4% (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect), English 15.9% (widely spoken), Dutch 7.3% (official), Spanish 6.1%, Creole 1.6%, other 1.9%, unspecified 1.8% (2001 census)
Government
Parliamentary; Queen BEATRIX of the Netherlands (since 30 April 1980), represented by Governor General Frits GOEDGEDRAG (since 1 July 2002); Prime Minister Etienne YS (since 3 June 2004)
19 fieldsCountry name
- conventional long form:
- none
- conventional short form:
- Netherlands Antilles
- local long form:
- none
- local short form:
- Nederlandse Antillen
- former:
- Curacao and Dependencies
Dependency status
- an autonomous country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands;
- full autonomy in internal affairs granted in 1954;
- Dutch Government responsible for defense and foreign affairs
Administrative divisions
none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) note: each island has its own government
National holiday
Queen's Day (Birthday of Queen-Mother JULIANA in 1909 and accession to the throne of her oldest daughter BEATRIX in 1980), 30 April
Executive branch
- chief of state:
- Queen BEATRIX of the Netherlands (since 30 April 1980), represented by Governor General Frits GOEDGEDRAG (since 1 July 2002)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Etienne YS (since 3 June 2004)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers elected by the Staten (legislature)
- elections:
- the monarch is hereditary;
- governor general appointed by the monarch for a six-year term;
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is usually elected prime minister by the Staten;
- election last held 18 January 2002 (next to be held by NA 2006)
note: government coalition - PAR, PNP, PLKP, DP St. Maarten, UP Bonaire, WIPM Saba, DP Statia
Legislative branch
unicameral States or Staten (22 seats - Curacao 14, Bonaire 3, St. Maarten 3, St. Eustatius 1, Saba 1; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
- elections:
- last held 18 January 2002 (next to be held in 2006)
- election results:
- percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PAR 4, PNP 3, PLKP 2, DP St. M 2, UP Bonaire 2, WIPM 1, DP
note: the government of Prime Minister Etienne YS is a coalition of several parties; current government formed after collapse of FOL led government on 4 April 2004
Political parties and leaders
- Antillean Restructuring Party or PAR [Etienne YS];
- C 93 [Stanley BROWN];
- Democratic Party of Bonaire or PDB [Jopi ABRAHAM];
- Democratic Party of Curacao or DP [Errol HERNANDEZ];
- Democratic Party of Sint Eustatius or DP-St. E [Julian WOODLEY];
- Democratic Party of Sint Maarten or DP-St. M [Sarah WESCOTT-WILLIAMS];
- Foundation Energetic Management Anti-Narcotics or FAME [Eric LODEWIJKS];
- Labor Party People's Crusade or PLKP [Errol COVA];
- National Alliance [William MARLIN];
- National People's Party or PNP [Susanne F. C. CAMELIA-ROMER];
- New Antilles Movement or MAN [Kenneth GIJSBERTHA];
- Patriotic Union of Bonaire or UP Bonaire [Ramonsito BOOI];
- Patriotic Movement of Sint Maarten or SPA [Vance JAMES, Jr.];
- People's Party or PAPU [Richard HODI];
- Pro Curacao Party or PPK [Winston LOURENS];
- Saba Democratic Labor Movement [Steve HASSELL];
- Saba Unity Party [Carmen SIMMONDS];
- St. Eustatius Alliance or SEA [Kenneth VAN PUTTEN];
- Serious Alternative People's Party or Sapp [Julian ROLLOCKS];
- Social Action Cause or KAS [Benny DEMEI];
- Windward Islands People's Movement or WIPM [Will JOHNSTON];
- Workers' Liberation Front or FOL [Anthony GODETT, Rignald LAK, Editha WRIGHT]
note: political parties are indigenous to each island
International organization participation
ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, UNESCO (associate), UPU, WCL, WCO, WMO, WToO (associate)
Diplomatic representation from the US
- chief of mission:
- Consul General Robert E. SORENSON
- consulate(s) general:
- J. B. Gorsiraweg #1, Willemstad AN, Curacao
- mailing address:
- P. O. Box 158, Willemstad, Curacao
- telephone:
- [599] (9) 4613066
- FAX:
- [599] (9) 4616489
Flag description
- white, with a horizontal blue stripe in the center superimposed on a vertical red band, also centered;
- five white, five-pointed stars are arranged in an oval pattern in the center of the blue band;
- the five stars represent the five main islands of Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten
Economy
Tourism, petroleum refining, and offshore finance are the mainstays of this small economy, which is closely tied to the outside world.
34 fieldsGDP - composition by sector(2000 est.)
Electricity
Economy - overview
Tourism, petroleum refining, and offshore finance are the mainstays of this small economy, which is closely tied to the outside world. Although GDP has declined or grown slightly in each of the past eight years, the islands enjoy a high per capita income and a well-developed infrastructure compared with other countries in the region.
Almost all consumer and capital goods are imported, the US and Mexico being the major suppliers. Poor soils and inadequate water supplies hamper the development of agriculture. Budgetary problems hamper reform of the health and pension systems of an aging population.
Industries
tourism (Curacao, Sint Maarten, and Bonaire), petroleum refining (Curacao), petroleum transshipment facilities (Curacao and Bonaire), light manufacturing (Curacao)
Exports - partners
US 20.4%, Panama 11.2%, Guatemala 8.8%, Haiti 7.1%, Bahamas, The 5.6%, Honduras 4.2% (2004)
Economic aid - recipient
IMF provided $61 million in 2000, and the Netherlands continued its support with $40 million (2000)
Exchange rates
Netherlands Antillean guilders per US dollar - 1.79 (2004), 1.79 (2003), 1.79 (2002), 1.79 (2001), 1.79 (2000)
Communications
8 fieldsTelephone system
- general assessment:
- generally adequate facilities
- domestic:
- extensive interisland microwave radio relay links
- international:
- country code - 599;
- submarine cables - 2;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Television broadcast stations
3 (there is also a cable service, which supplies programs received from various US satellite networks and two Venezuelan channels) (2004)
Transportation
5 fieldsMerchant marine, 168 ships by typeships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,317,007 GRT/1,668,499 DWT
Airports by runway lengthpaved only
Military
National Guard, Police Force
6 fieldsMilitary service age and obligation
16 years of age for military recruitment; no conscription (July 2002)
Transnational Issues
2 fieldsIllicit drugs
transshipment point for South American drugs bound for the US and Europe; money-laundering center
Cite this entry
Central Intelligence Agency. “Netherlands Antilles.” The World Factbook 2005. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/netherlands-antilles/2005.