North Macedonia
emerging democracyIndependence 17 September 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
North Macedonia as the 1994 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 111 fields, one of 34 editions from 1992 to 2025.
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Geography
Balkan State, Southeastern Europe, between Serbia and Montenegro and | Greece
22 fieldstotal area
25,333 sq km
land area
24,856 sq km
comparative area
slightly larger than Vermont
International disputes
Greece claims republic's name implies territorial claims against Aegean Macedonia
Terrain
mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; there are three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line
Natural resources
chromium, lead, zinc, manganese, tungsten, nickel, low-grade iron ore, asbestos, sulphur, timber
arable land
5%
permanent crops
5%
meadows and pastures
20%
forest and woodland
30%
other
40%
current issues
air pollution from metallurgical plants
natural hazards
high seismic risks
international agreements
party to - Ozone Layer Protection
Note
landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe
People
20 fieldsPer 1,000 population(1994 est.)
total population
73.59 years
male
71.51 years
female
75.85 years (1994 est.)
noun
Macedonian(s)
adjective
Macedonian
total population
NA%
male
NA%
female
NA%
by occupation
agriculture 8%, manufacturing and mining 40% (1990)
Government
Emerging democracy
26 fieldsLegislature, 120 seatsone dot, one seat
conventional long form
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
conventional short form
none
local long form
Republika Makedonija
local short form
Makedonija
Administrative divisions
34 counties (opstinas, singular - opstina) Berovo, Bitola, Brod, Debar, Delcevo, Gevgelija, Gostivar, Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kocani, Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krusevo, Kumanovo, Murgasevo, Negotino, Ohrid, Prilep, Probistip, Radovis, Resen, Skopje-Centar, Skopje-Cair, Skopje-Karpos, Skopje-Kisela Voda, Skopje-Gazi Baba, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Sveti Nikole, Tetovo, Titov Veles, Valandovo, Vinica
chief of state
- President Kiro GLIGOROV (since 27 January 1991);
- election last held 27 January 1991 (next to be held NA);
- results - Kiro GLIGOROV was elected by the Assembly
head of government
Prime Minister Branko CRVENKOVSKI (since 4 September 1992), Deputy Prime Ministers Jovan ANDONOV (since NA March 1991), Risto IVANOV (since NA), and Becir ZUTA (since NA March 1991)
cabinet
Council of Ministers; elected by the majority vote of all the deputies in the Sobranje
Assembly (Sobranje)
- elections last held 11 and 25 November and 9 December 1990 (next to be held November 1994);
- results - percent of vote by party NA;
- seats - (120 total) VMRO-DPMNE 32, SDSM 29, PDPM 23, SRSM 19, SPM 4, DP 4, SJM 2, others 7
Political parties and leaders
- Social-Democratic Alliance of Macedonia (SDSM; former Communist Party), Branko CRVENKOVSKI, president;
- Party for Democratic Prosperity (PDPM);
- National Democratic Party (PDP), Ilijas HALINI, president;
- Alliance of Reform Forces of Macedonia - Liberal Party (SRSM-LP), Stojan ANDOV, president;
- Socialist Party of Macedonia (SPM), Kiro POPOVSKI, president;
- Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity (VMRO-DPMNE), Ljupco GEORGIEVSKI, president;
- Party of Yugoslavs in Macedonia (SJM), Milan DURCINOV, president;
- Democratic Party (DP), Petal GOSEV, president
Other political or pressure groups
- Movement for All Macedonian Action (MAAK);
- Democratic Party of Serbs;
- Democratic Party of Turks;
- Party for Democratic Action (Slavic Muslim)
Member of
CE (guest), CSCE (observer), EBRD, ECE, ICAO, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), ITU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
Diplomatic representation in US
the US recognized The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia on 9 February 1994
US diplomatic representation
the US recognized The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia on 9 February 1994
Economy
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, although the poorest | republic in the former Yugoslav federation, can meet basic food and | energy needs through its own agricultural and coal resources.
26 fieldsOverview
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, although the poorest republic in the former Yugoslav federation, can meet basic food and energy needs through its own agricultural and coal resources. Its economic decline will continue unless ties are reforged or enlarged with its neighbors Serbia and Montenegro, Albania, Greece, and Bulgaria.
The economy depends on outside sources for all of its oil and gas and its modern machinery and parts. Continued political turmoil, both internally and in the region as a whole, prevents any swift readjustments of trade patterns and economic programs. The country's industrial output and GDP are expected to decline further in 1994.
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's geographical isolation, technological backwardness, and potential political instability place it far down the list of countries of interest to Western investors. Resolution of the dispute with Greece and an internal commitment to economic reform would help to encourage foreign investment over the long run. In the immediate future, the worst scenario for the economy would be the spread of fighting across its borders.
revenues
$NA
expenditures
$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
commodities
manufactured goods 40%, machinery and transport equipment 14%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 23%, raw materials 7.6%, food (rice) and live animals 5.7%, beverages and tobacco 4.5%, chemicals 4.7% (1990)
partners
principally Serbia and Montenegro and the other former Yugoslav republics, Germany, Greece, Albania
commodities
fuels and lubricants 19%, manufactured goods 18%, machinery and transport equipment 15%, food and live animals 14%, chemicals 11.4%, raw materials 10%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 8.0%, beverages and tobacco 3.5% (1990)
partners
other former Yugoslav republics, Greece, Albania, Germany, Bulgaria
capacity
1,600,000 kW
production
6.3 billion kWh
consumption per capita
2,900 kWh (1992)
Industries
- low levels of technology predominate, such as, oil refining by distillation only;
- produces basic liquid fuels, coal, metallic chromium, lead, zinc, and ferronickel;
- light industry produces basic textiles, wood products, and tobacco
Agriculture
- provides 12% of GDP and meets the basic needs for food;
- principal crops are rice, tobacco, wheat, corn, and millet;
- also grown are cotton, sesame, mulberry leaves, citrus fruit, and vegetables;
- The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia is one of the seven legal cultivators of the opium poppy for the world pharmaceutical industry, including some exports to the US;
- agricultural production is highly labor intensive
recipient
US $10 million (for humanitarian and technical assistance) EC promised a 100 ECU million economic aid package (1993)
Currency
- the denar, which was adopted by the Macedonian legislature 26 April 1992, was initially issued in the form of a coupon pegged to the German mark;
- subsequently repegged to a basket of seven currencies
Communications
14 fieldstotal
10,591 km
paved
5,091 km
unpaved
gravel 1,404 km; earth 4,096 km (1991)
total
16
usable
16
with permanent-surface runways
10
with runways over 3,659 m
0
with runways 2,440-3,659 m
2
with runways 1,220-2,439 m
2
Telecommunications
- 125,000 telephones;
- broadcast stations - 6 AM, 2 FM, 5 (2 relays) TV;
- 370,000 radios, 325,000 TV;
- satellite communications ground stations - none
Defense Forces
Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Force, Police Force
3 fieldsManpower availability
- males age 15-49 604,257;
- fit for military service 489,746;
- reach military age (19) annually 19,539 (1994 est.)
Cite this entry
Central Intelligence Agency. “The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.” The World Factbook 1994. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/north-macedonia/1994.