North Macedonia
The Former Yugoslav Republic of MacedoniaRepublika Makedonija
emerging democracyIndependence 17 September 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
North Macedonia as the 1999 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 105 fields, one of 34 editions from 1992 to 2025.
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Geography
Southeastern Europe, north of Greece
18 fieldsLand useshare of 25,333 sq km
Terrain
- mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys;
- three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line;
- country bisected by the Vardar River
Natural resources
chromium, lead, zinc, manganese, tungsten, nickel, low-grade iron ore, asbestos, sulfur, timber
Environment--international agreements
- party to:
- Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
- signed, but not ratified:
- none of the selected agreements
Geography--note
landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe
People
15 fieldsPer 1,000 population(1999 est.)
Age structure
- 0-14 years:
- 23% (male 243,190; female 228,491)
- 15-64 years:
- 67% (male 680,692; female 673,923)
- 65 years and over:
- 10% (male 88,116; female 108,192) (1999 est.)
Sex ratio
- at birth:
- 1.08 male(s)/female
- under 15 years:
- 1.06 male(s)/female
- 15-64 years:
- 1.01 male(s)/female
- 65 years and over:
- 0.81 male(s)/female
- total population:
- 1 male(s)/female (1999 est.)
Government
Emerging democracy; President Kiro GLIGOROV (since 27 January 1991); Prime Minister Ljubco GEORGIEVSKI (since 30 November 1998)
18 fieldsAssembly or Sobranje, 120 seats, elected 18 October and 1 November 1998one dot, one seat
Country name
- conventional long form:
- The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
- conventional short form:
- none
- local long form:
- Republika Makedonija
- local short form:
- Makedonija
- abbreviation:
- FYROM
Administrative divisions
34 counties (opstinas, singular--opstina) Berovo, Bitola, Brod, Debar, Delcevo, Gevgelija, Gostivar, Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kocani, Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krusevo, Kumanovo, Murgasevo, Negotino, Ohrid, Prilep, Probistip, Radovis, Resen, Skopje-Centar, Skopje-Cair, Skopje-Karpos, Skopje-Kisela Voda, Skopje-Gazi Baba, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Sveti Nikole, Tetovo, Titov Veles, Valandovo, Vinica; note: in September 1996, the Macedonian Assembly passed legislation changing the territorial division of the country; names of the 123 new municipalities are not yet available
Executive branch
- chief of state:
- President Kiro GLIGOROV (since 27 January 1991)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Ljubco GEORGIEVSKI (since 30 November 1998)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers elected by the majority vote of all the deputies in the Assembly;
- note--cabinet formed by the government coalition parties VMRO-DPMNE, DA, and DPA
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 16 October 1994 (next to be held NA October 1999)
- election results:
- Kiro GLIGOROV elected president; percent of vote--Kiro GLIGOROV 78.4%
Legislative branch
unicameral Assembly or Sobranje (120 seats--85 members are elected by popular vote; 35 members come from lists of candidates submitted by parties based on the percentage that parties gain from the overall vote; all serve four-year terms)
- elections:
- last held 18 October and 1 November 1998 (next to be held NA 2002)
- election results:
- percent of vote by party--NA; seats by party--VMRO 49, SDSM 27, PDP 14, DA 13, DPA 11, LDP 4, Socialists 1, Roma Party 1
Judicial branch
Constitutional Court, judges are elected by the Judicial Council; Judicial Court of the Republic, judges are elected by the Judicial Council
Political parties and leaders
Social-Democratic Alliance of president]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization--Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity or
International organization participation
BIS (pending member), CCC, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (applicant)
Diplomatic representation in the US
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Ljubica Z. ACEVSKA
- chancery:
- 3050 K Street, NW, Suite 210, Washington, DC 20007
- consulate(s) general:
- New York
Diplomatic representation from the US
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Christopher Robert HILL
- embassy:
- Bul. Ilindenska bb, 91000 Skopje
- mailing address:
- American Embassy Skopje, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-7120 (pouch)
Economy
The breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991 deprived | Macedonia, its poorest republic, of key protected markets and large | transfer payments from the center.
31 fieldsGDP--composition by sector(1995 est.)
Electricity
Economy--overview
The breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991 deprived Macedonia, its poorest republic, of key protected markets and large transfer payments from the center. Worker remittances and foreign aid have softened the subsequent volatile recovery period. Continued recovery depends on Macedonia's ability to attract investment, to redevelop trade ties with Greece and Serbia and Montenegro, and to maintain its commitment to economic liberalization.
The economy can meet its basic food needs but depends on outside sources for all of its oil and gas and most of its modern machinery and parts.
Agriculture--products
rice, tobacco, wheat, corn, millet, cotton, sesame, mulberry leaves, citrus, vegetables; beef, pork, poultry, mutton
Exports--commodities
food, beverages, tobacco 17.0%, machinery and transport equipment 13.3%, other manufactured goods 58%
Exchange rates
denars per US$1--52.156 (January 1999), 54.462 (1998), 50.004 (1997), 39.981 (1996), 37.882 (1995), 43.263 (1994)
Communications
6 fieldsTelevision broadcast stations
136 (of which 22 are main stations and 114 are low-power stations) (1997)
Transportation
8 fieldsNetworkskm
Military
Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Police | Force
7 fieldsTransnational Issues
2 fieldsDisputes--international
- dispute with Greece over name;
- in September 1995, Skopje and Athens signed an interim accord resolving their dispute over symbols and certain constitutional provisions;
- Athens also lifted its economic embargo on The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia;
- the border commission formed by The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Serbia and Montenegro in April 1996 to resolve differences in delineation of their mutual border has made no progress so far;
- Albanians in Macedonia claim discrimination in education, access to public-sector jobs and representation in government;
- Party for Democratic Action (DPA), which is now a member party of the government, calls for a rewrite of the constitution to declare ethnic Albanians a national group and allow for regional autonomy
Illicit drugs
increasing transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and hashish; minor transit point for South American cocaine destined for Europe
Cite this entry
Central Intelligence Agency. “Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of.” The World Factbook 1999. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/north-macedonia/1999.