North Macedonia
The Former Yugoslav Republic of MacedoniaRepublika Makedonija
emerging democracyIndependence 17 September 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
North Macedonia as the 1996 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 88 fields, one of 34 editions from 1992 to 2025.
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Geography
Southeastern Europe, north of Greece
15 fieldsInternational disputes
- dispute with Greece over name;
- in September 1995, Skopje and Athens signed an interim accord resolving their dispute over symbols and certain constitutional provisions;
- Athens also lifted its economic embargo on the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Terrain
- mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys;
- there are three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line;
- country bisected by the Vardar River
- lowest point:
- Vardar River 50 m
- highest point:
- Korab 2,753 m
Natural resources
chromium, lead, zinc, manganese, tungsten, nickel, low-grade iron ore, asbestos, sulfur, timber
Environment
- current issues:
- air pollution from metallurgical plants
- natural hazards:
- high seismic risks
- international agreements:
- party to - Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
Geographic note
landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe
People
15 fieldsPer 1,000 population(1996 est.)
Age structure
- 0-14 years:
- 22% (male 242,593; female 228,563)
- 15-64 years:
- 68% (male 728,969; female 703,665)
- 65 years and over:
- 10% (male 90,363; female 109,882) (July 1996 est.)
Sex ratio
- at birth:
- 1.08 male(s)/female
- under 15 years:
- 1.06 male(s)/female
- 15-64 years:
- 1.04 male(s)/female
- 65 years and over:
- 0.82 male(s)/female
- all ages:
- 1.02 male(s)/female (1996 est.)
Government
Emerging democracy; President Kiro GLIGOROV (since 27 January 1991) was elected by the Assembly in 1991 and reelected by popular vote in 1994; Prime Minister Branko CRVENKOVSKI (since 4 September 1992) was appointed by the president
22 fieldsLegislature, 120 seatsone dot, one seat
Name of country
- conventional long form:
- The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
- conventional short form:
- none
- local long form:
- Republika Makedonija
- local short form:
- Makedonija
- abbreviation:
- FYROM
Administrative divisions
34 counties (opstinas, singular - opstina) Berovo, Bitola, Brod, Debar, Delcevo, Gevgelija, Gostivar, Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kocani, Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krusevo, Kumanovo, Murgasevo, Negotino, Ohrid, Prilep, Probistip, Radovis, Resen, Skopje-Centar, Skopje-Cair, Skopje-Karpos, Skopje-Kisela Voda, Skopje-Gazi Baba, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Sveti Nikole, Tetovo, Titov Veles, Valandovo, Vinica
Executive branch
- chief of state:
- President Kiro GLIGOROV (since 27 January 1991) was elected by the Assembly in 1991 and reelected by popular vote in 1994;
- election last held 16 October 1994 (next to be held NA 1997);
- results - percent of vote NA;
- note - following a failed assassination attempt on the president in October 1995, then Parliamentary Speaker Stojan ANDOV was acting president;
- GLIGOROV resumed his duties in early 1996
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Branko CRVENKOVSKI (since 4 September 1992) was appointed by the president
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers were elected by the majority vote of all the deputies in the Assembly;
- note - after the withdrawal of the Liberal Party from the ruling coalition in early 1996, the Council of Ministers was reorganized without LP participation
Assembly (Sobranje)
- elections last held 16 and 30 October 1994 (next to be held NA November 1998);
- results - percent of vote by party NA;
- seats - (120 total) SDSM 58, LP 29, SPM 8, PDP 10, NDP 4, independents 7, other 4
Judicial branch
Constitutional Court, judges are elected by the Judicial Council; Judicial Court of the Republic, judges are elected by the Judicial Council
Political parties and leaders
- Social-Democratic Alliance of Macedonia (SDSM; former Communist Party), Branko CRVENKOVSKI, president;
- Party for Democratic Prosperity (PDP), Abdurahman HALITI, president;
- National Democratic Party (NDP), Ilijas HALINI, president;
- Alliance of Reform Forces of Macedonia - Liberal Party (SRSM-LP), Stojan ANDOV, president;
- Socialist Party of Macedonia (SPM), Kiro POPOVSKI, president;
- Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity (VMRO-DPMNE), Ljupco GEORGIEVSKI, president;
- Party of Yugoslavs in Macedonia (SJM), Milan DURCINOV, president;
- Democratic Party (DP), Petar GOSEV, president;
- Party for Democratic Prosperity of Albanians (PDPA), Arben XHAFFERI, president
Other political or pressure groups
- Movement for All Macedonian Action (MAAK);
- Democratic Party of Serbs;
- Democratic Party of Turks;
- Party for Democratic Action (Slavic Muslim)
International organization participation
CCC, CE, CEI, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer)
Diplomatic representation in US
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Ljubica ACEVSKA
- chancery:
- 3050 K Street, NW, Suite 210, Washington, DC 20007
- telephone:
- [1] (202) 337 3063
US diplomatic representation
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador-designate Christopher HILL; Charge d'Affaires Victor D. COMRAS
- embassy:
- ul. 27 Mart No. 5, 9100 Skopje
- mailing address:
- United States Liaison Office Skopje, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-7120 (pouch)
- telephone:
- [389] (91) 116-180
FAX
[389] (91) 117-103 note: the US agreed to establish full diplomatic relations with the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia in September 1995, and to upgrade the Liaison Office to an Embassy
Economy
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, | although the poorest republic in the former Yugoslav federation, can | meet basic food and energy needs through its own agricultural and | coal resources.
21 fieldsInstalled generating capacity, 1,600,000 kW
Economic overview
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, although the poorest republic in the former Yugoslav federation, can meet basic food and energy needs through its own agricultural and coal resources. Its economic decline will continue unless ties are reforged or enlarged with its neighbors Serbia and Montenegro, Albania, Greece, and Bulgaria.
The economy depends on outside sources for all of its oil and gas and most of its modern machinery and parts. An important supplement of GDP is the remittances from thousands of Macedonians working in Germany and other West European nations. The end of sanctions on Serbia and the lifting of the Greek embargo on Macedonia have reopened its natural trade corridors, but the country has been slow to capitalize on these opportunities.
Moreover, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's geographical isolation, technological underdevelopment, and potential political instability place it far down the list of countries of interest to Western investors. An internal commitment to economic reform would encourage foreign investment over the long run.
Agriculture
rice, tobacco, wheat, corn, millet, cotton, sesame, mulberry leaves, citrus, vegetables; beef, pork, poultry, mutton
Exports
$916.2 million (1995)
- commodities:
- manufactured goods 40%, machinery and transport equipment 14%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 23%, raw materials 7.6%, food (rice) and live animals 5.7%, beverages and tobacco 4.5%, chemicals 4.7% (1990)
- partners:
- principally Serbia and Montenegro and the other former Yugoslav republics, Germany, Greece, Albania
Imports
$199 million (1995)
- commodities:
- fuels and lubricants 19%, manufactured goods 18%, machinery and transport equipment 15%, food and live animals 14%, chemicals 11.4%, raw materials 10%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 8.0%, beverages and tobacco 3.5% (1990)
- partners:
- other former Yugoslav republics, Greece, Albania, Germany, Bulgaria
Economic aid
recipient: ODA, $NA note: US, $10 million (for humanitarian and technical assistance); in December 1995, the EU agreed to provide a credit line of ECU 21.7 million for investment projects
Currency
- the denar, which was adopted by the Macedonian legislature 26 April 1992, was initially issued in the form of a coupon pegged to the German mark;
- subsequently repegged to a basket of seven currencies
Transportation
6 fieldsAirports by runway lengthpaved left, unpaved right · 16 in all
Networkskm
Communications
Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Police Force
9 fieldsManpower availability
- males age 15-49:
- 571,927
- males fit for military service:
- 458,231
- males reach military age (19) annually:
- 16,698 (1996 est.)
Cite this entry
Central Intelligence Agency. “Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of.” The World Factbook 1996. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/north-macedonia/1996.