Paraguay

In the disastrous War of the Triple Alliance (1865-70), Paraguay lost two-thirds of all adult males and much of its territory. It stagnated economically for the next half century. In the Chaco War of 1932-35, large, economically important areas were won from Bolivia. The 35-year military dictatorship of Alfredo STROESSNER was overthrown in 1989, and, despite a marked increase in political infighting in recent years, relatively free and regular presidential elections have been held since then.

• grassy plains and wooded hills east of Rio Paraguay;
• Gran Chaco region west of Rio Paraguay mostly low, marshy plain near the river, and dry forest and thorny scrub elsewhere

• deforestation;
• water pollution;
• inadequate means for waste disposal present health risks for many urban residents;
• loss of wetlands

party to:

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:

none of the selected agreements

• landlocked;
• lies between Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil;
• population concentrated in southern part of country

0-14 years:

38.2% (male 1,201,459; female 1,162,954)

15-64 years:

57% (male 1,773,151; female 1,758,323)

65 years and over:

4.8% (male 136,376; female 159,105) (2004 est.)

at birth:

1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:

1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years:

1.01 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.86 male(s)/female

total population:

1.01 male(s)/female (2004 est.)

noun:

Paraguayan(s)

adjective:

Paraguayan

conventional long form:

Republic of Paraguay

conventional short form:

Paraguay

local long form:

Republica del Paraguay

local short form:

Paraguay

• 17 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 capital city*;
• Alto Paraguay, Alto Parana, Amambay, Asuncion*, Boqueron, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Itapua, Misiones, Neembucu, Paraguari, Presidente Hayes, San Pedro

chief of state:

• President Nicanor DUARTE Frutos (since 15 August 2003);
• Vice President Luis CASTIGLIONI Joria (since 15 August 2003);
• note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:

• President Nicanor DUARTE Frutos (since 15 August 2003);
• Vice President Luis CASTIGLIONI Joria (since 15 August 2003);
• note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:

Council of Ministers nominated by the president

elections:

president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 27 April 2003 (next to be held NA April 2008)

election results:

Nicanor DUARTE Frutos elected president; percent of vote - Nicanor DUARTE Frutos 37.1%, Julio Cesar Ramon FRANCO Gomez 23.9%, Pedro Nicolas Maraa FADUL Niella 21.3%, Guillermo SANCHEZ Guffanti 13.5%, other 4.2%

• Asociacion Nacional Republicana - Colorado Party or ANR [Herminio CACERES, interim president];
• Patria Querida (Beloved Fatherland Party) or PQ [Pedro Nicolas Maraa FADUL Niella];
• Movimiento Union Nacional de Ciudadanos Eticos or UNACE [Enrique GONZALEZ Quintana, acting chairman];
• Partido Encuentro Nacional or PEN [Luis TORALES Kenney];
• Partido Liberal Radical Autentico or PLRA [Julio Cesar FRANCO];
• Partido Pais Solidario or PPS [Carlos Alberto FILIZZOLA Pallares];
• note - Nicanor DUARTE Frutos on leave as party leader of the Colorado Party or ANR while serving as President of Paraguay;
• Lino Cesar OVIEDO Silva, leader of UNACE, is currently serving a ten-year prison term

• Ahorristas Estafados or AE;
• Coordinating Table of National Campesino Organizations or MCNOC;
• National Federation of Campesinos or FNC;
• National Workers Central or CNT;
• Paraguayan Workers Confederation or CPT;
• Roman Catholic Church;
• Unitary Workers Central or CUT;;

chief of mission:

Ambassador James SPALDING Hellmers

chancery:

2400 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:

[1] (202) 483-6960 through 6962

FAX:

[1] (202) 234-4508

consulate(s) general:

Kansas City, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York

chief of mission:

Ambassador John F. KEANE

embassy:

1776 Avenida Mariscal Lopez, Casilla Postal 402, Asuncion

mailing address:

Unit 4711, APO AA 34036-0001

telephone:

[595] (21) 213-715

FAX:

[595] (21) 213-728

• three equal, horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue with an emblem centered in the white band;
• unusual flag in that the emblem is different on each side;
• the obverse (hoist side at the left) bears the national coat of arms (a yellow five-pointed star within a green wreath capped by the words REPUBLICA DEL PARAGUAY, all within two circles);
• the reverse (hoist side at the right) bears the seal of the treasury (a yellow lion below a red Cap of Liberty and the words Paz y Justicia (Peace and Justice) capped by the words REPUBLICA DEL PARAGUAY, all within two circles)

lowest 10%:

0.5%

highest 10%:

43.8% (1998)

• cotton, sugarcane, soybeans, corn, wheat, tobacco, cassava (tapioca), fruits, vegetables;
• beef, pork, eggs, milk;
• timber

general assessment:

meager telephone service; principal switching center is Asuncion

domestic:

fair microwave radio relay network

international:

country code - 595; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

total:

441 km

standard gauge:

441 km 1.435-m gauge (2003)

total:

29,500 km

paved:

14,986 km

unpaved:

14,514 km (1999 est)

total:

21 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 31,667 GRT/30,826 DWT

by type:

cargo 14, livestock carrier 1, petroleum tanker 3, roll on/roll off 3

foreign-owned:

Argentina 2, Japan 1

registered in other countries:

1 (2004 est.)

• major illicit producer of cannabis, most or all of which is consumed in Brazil, Argentina, and Chile;
• transshipment country for Andean cocaine headed for Brazil, other Southern Cone markets, Europe, and US;
• corruption and some money-laundering activity, especially in the Tri-Border Area