Philippines

Republic of the PhilippinesRepublika ng Pilipinas

republicIndependence 4 July 1946 (from US)

Philippines as the 1993 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 78 fields, one of 36 editions from 1990 to 2025.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalManila

Area300,000 km2

LocationSoutheast Asia, between Indonesia and China

Populationas each edition published it

68.46 million July 1993 est. · 66.12m in 1990

Population growth% a year

1.97% 1993 est. · 0.74% in 2025

Median ageyears

Not in this edition 21.8 yrs in 2003

Life expectancyyears at birth

65.13 years 1993 est. · 70.8 yrs in 2025

Fertility ratechildren per woman

3.45 children per woman 1993 est. · 4.3 in 1990

Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births

51.9 deaths per 1,000 live births 1993 est. · 48 in 1990

GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars

$860 1992 est. · $10,400 in 2025

GDP real growth% a year

0.6% 1992 est. · 5.7% in 2025

Geography

Southeast Asia, between Indonesia and China

13 fields

Land useshare of 300,000 km2

arable land 26%permanent crops 11%meadows and pastures 4%forest and woodland 40%other 19%irrigated 16,200 km2 (1989 est.)

Area

300,000km2

land area: 298,170 km2comparative area: slightly larger than Arizona

Coastline

36,289km

land boundaries: 0 km

Location

Southeast Asia, between Indonesia and China

Map references

Asia, Oceania, Southeast Asia, Standard Time Zones of the World

Maritime claims

measured from claimed archipelagic baselines

continental shelf:: to depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone:: 200 nm
territorial sea:: irregular polygon extending up to 100 nm from coastline as defined by 1898 treaty;
since late 1970s has also claimed polygonal-shaped area in South China Sea up to 285 nm in breadth

International disputes

involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia, Taiwan, Vietnam, and possibly Brunei; claims Malaysian state of Sabah

Climate

tropical marine;
northeast monsoon (November to April);
southwest monsoon (May to October)

Terrain

mostly mountains with narrow to extensive coastal lowlands

Natural resources

timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt, copper

Environment

astride typhoon belt, usually affected by 15 and struck by five to six cyclonic storms per year;
subject to landslides, active volcanoes, destructive earthquakes, tsunami;
deforestation;
soil erosion;
water pollution

People

14 fields

Population

68,464,368

(July 1993 est.)growth rate: 1.97% (1993 est.)

Per 1,000 population(1993 est.)

Birth

27.9Death

7.03Net migration

-1.19

Male · female(1993 est.)

TotalMale · femaleLife expectancy years65.13

62.59 · 67.79

TotalMale · femaleLiteracy90%

90% · 90%

MaleFemaleLiteracy age 15 and over can read and write (1990)

Ethnic divisions

Christian Malay 91.5%Muslim Malay 4%Chinese 1.5%other 3%

Religions

Roman Catholic 83%Protestant 9%Muslim 5%Buddhist and other 3%

Labor force

24.12million

by occupation: agriculture 46%, industry and commerce 16%, services 18.5%, government 10%, other 9.5% (1989)

Infant mortality rate

51.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Nationality

noun:: Filipino(s)
adjective:: Philippine

Languages

Pilipino (official; based on Tagalog), English (official)

Government

Republic

20 fields

Presidential electionpercent of vote

66%

LDP 66%NPC 20%Lakas-NUCD 8%Liberal 6%

Names

conventional long form:: Republic of the Philippines
conventional short form:: Philippines
local long form:: Republika ng Pilipinas
local short form:: Pilipinas

73 provinces and 61 chartered cities*; Abra, Agusan del Norte, Agusan del, Sur, Aklan, Albay, del Sur, Laoag*, Lapu-Lapu*, La Union, Legaspi*, Leyte, Lipa*, Lucena*,, Maguindanao, Mandaue*,, Mountain, Naga*, Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, North Cotabato,, Northern Samar, Nueva

Independence

4 July 1946 (from US)

Constitution

2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987

Legal system

based on Spanish and Anglo-American law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

National holiday

Independence Day, 12 June (1898) (from Spain)

Political parties and leaders

Democratic Filipino Struggle (Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipinas, Laban), Edgardo ESPIRITU;
People Power-National Union of Christian Democrats (Lakas ng Edsa, NUCD and Partido Lakas Tao, Lakas/NUCD);
Fidel V. RAMOS, President of the Republic, Raul MANGLAPUS, Jose de VENECIA, secretary general;
Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC), Eduardo COJUANGCO;
Liberal Party, Jovito SALONGA;
People's Reform Party (PRP), Miriam DEFENSOR-SANTIAGO;
New Society Movement (Kilusan Bagong Lipunan; KBL), Imelda MARCOS;
Nacionalista Party (NP), Salvador H. LAUREL, president

Suffrage

15 years of age; universal

Elections

President:: last held 11 May 1992 (next election to be held NA May 1998); results - Fidel Valdes RAMOS won 23.6% of votes, a narrow plurality
Senate:: last held 11 May 1992 (next election to be held NA May 1995);
results - LDP 66%, NPC 20%, Lakas-NUCD 8%, Liberal 6%;
seats - (24 total) LDP 15, NPC 5, Lakas-NUCD 2, Liberal 1, Independent 1
House of Representatives:: last held 11 May 1992 (next election to be held NA May 1995);
results - LDP 43.5%;
Lakas-NUCD 25%, NPC 23.5%, Liberal 5%, KBL 3%;
seats - (200 total) LDP 87, NPC 45, Lakas-NUCD 41, Liberal 15, NP 6, KBL 3, Independent 3

Executive branch

president, vice president, Cabinet

Legislative branch

bicameral Congress (Kongreso) consists of an upper house or Senate (Senado) and a lower house or House of Representatives (Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan)

Judicial branch

Supreme Court

Leaders

Chief of State and Head of Government: President Fidel Valdes RAMOS (since 30 June 1992); Vice President Joseph Ejercito ESTRADA (since 30 June 1992)

Member of

APEC, AsDB, ASEAN, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNTAC, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in US

chief of mission:: Ambassador Raul RABE
chancery:: 1617 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
telephone:: (202) 483-1414
consulates general:: Agana (Guam), Chicago, Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, and Seattle

US diplomatic representation

chief of mission:: (vacant); Charge d'affaires Donald WESTMORE
embassy:: 1201 Roxas Boulevard, Manila
mailing address:: APO AP 96440
telephone:: [63] (2) 521-7116
FAX:: [63] (2) 522-4361
consulate general:: Cebu

Flag

two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a white equilateral triangle based on the hoist side;
in the center of the triangle is a yellow sun with eight primary rays (each containing three individual rays) and in each corner of the triangle is a small yellow five-pointed star

Economy

Domestic output in this primarily agricultural economy remained the same in | 1992 as in 1991.

19 fields

GDP per capita, PPP

$860

(1992 est.)

Real growth rate

0.6%

(1992 est.)industrial production growth: growth rate -1% (1992 est.); accounts for 34% of GDP

Inflation, consumer prices

8.9%

(1992 est.)

Unemployment rate

9.8%

(1992 est.)

Overview

Domestic output in this primarily agricultural economy remained the same in 1992 as in 1991. Drought and power supply problems hampered production, while inadequate revenues prevented government pump priming. Despite a flat GDP performance, GNP mustered a small 0.6% expansion, attributable to inflows of workers' remittances combined with smaller foreign interest payments.

A marked increase in capital goods imports, particularly power generations equipment, telecommunications equipment, and electronic data processors, contributed to a 20.5% import growth in 1992. Exports rose 11%, led by earnings from the Philippines' two leading manufactures - electronics and garments.

National product

GDP - exchange rate conversion - $54.1 billion (1992 est.)

Budget

$11.0 billion; expenditures $12.0 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992 est.)

Exports

$9.8 billion (f.o.b., 1992)

commodities:: electronics, textiles, coconut oil, copper
partners:: US 39%, EC, Japan, ASEAN

Imports

$14.5 billion (f.o.b., 1992)

commodities:: raw materials 45%, capital goods 26%, petroleum products 18%
partners:: US, Japan, Taiwan, Saudi Arabia

External debt

$29.8 billion (1992)

Electricity

7,850,000 kW capacity; 28,000 million kWh produced, 420 kWh per capita (1992)

Industries

textiles, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, wood products, food processing, electronics assembly, petroleum refining, fishing

Agriculture

accounts for about one-third of GNP and about 45% of labor force;
major crops - rice, coconuts, corn, sugarcane, bananas, pineapples, mangos;
animal products - pork, eggs, beef;
net exporter of farm products;
fish catch of 2 million metric tons annually

Illicit drugs

illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; growers are producing more and better quality cannabis despite government eradication efforts

Economic aid

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $3.6 billion;
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-88), $7.9 billion;
OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $5 million;
Communist countries (1975-89), $123 million

Currency

1 Philippine peso (P) = 100 centavos

Exchange rates

Philippine pesos (P) per US$1 - 25.817 (April 1993), 25.512 (1992), 27.479 (1991), 24.311 (1990), 21.737 (1989), 21.095 (1988)

Fiscal year

calendar year

Communications

8 fields

Merchant marine, 562 ships by type

passenger 1short-sea passenger 11passenger-cargo 13cargo 155refrigerated cargo 27vehicle carrier 25livestock carrier 9roll-on/roll-off cargo 13container 8oil tanker 38chemical tanker 1liquefied gas 3combination ore/oil 1bulk 249combination bulk; note - many Philippine flag ships are foreign owned and are on the register for the purpose of long-term bare-boat charter back to their original owners who are principally in Japan and Germany 8562 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 8,282,936 GRT/13,772,023 DWT

Networkskm

Highways

157,450Railroads

378 (1982)Inland waterways

3,219

Highways: (1988); 22,400 km paved; 85,050 km gravel, crushed-stone, or stabilized-soil surface; 50,000 km unimproved earth · Railroads: , 34% government owned · Inland waterways: ; limited to shallow-draft (less than 1.5 m) vessels

Railroads

378 km operable on Luzon, 34% government owned (1982)

Highways

157,450 km total (1988);
22,400 km paved;
85,050 km gravel, crushed-stone, or stabilized-soil surface;
50,000 km unimproved earth

total:: 270
usable:: 238
with permanent-surface runways:: 73
with runways over 3,659 m:: 0
with runways 2,440-3,659 m:: 9
with runways 1,220-2,439 m:: 57

Telecommunications

good international radio and submarine cable services;
domestic and interisland service adequate;
872,900 telephones;
broadcast stations - 267 AM (including 6 US), 55 FM, 33 TV (including 4 US);
submarine cables extended to Hong Kong, Guam, Singapore, Taiwan, and Japan;
satellite earth stations - 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT, 2 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT, and 11 domestic