Philippines

Republic of the Philippines conventional short form: Philippines local long form: Republika ng Pilipinas local short form: Pilipinas

republicIndependence 4 July 1946 (from US)

Philippines as the 2001 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 118 fields, one of 36 editions from 1990 to 2025.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalManila
Position13 00 N, 122 00 E
Area300,000 sq km land: 298,170 sq km water: 1,830 sq km
LocationSoutheastern Asia, archipelago between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea, east of Vietnam
2001

Every edition of Philippines

Populationas each edition published it
82.84 million July 2001 est. · 66.12m in 1990
Population growth% a year
2.03% 2001 est. · 1.97% in 1993
Median ageyears
Not in this edition 21.8 yrs in 2003
Life expectancyyears at birth
67.8 years 2001 est. · 65.13 yrs in 1993
Fertility ratechildren per woman
3.42 children per woman 2001 est. · 4.3 in 1990
Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births
28.7 deaths per 1,000 live births 2001 est. · 48 in 1990
GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars
$3,800 2000 est. · $860 in 1993
GDP real growth% a year
3.6% 2000 est. · 0.6% in 1993

Introduction

1 field

Background

The Philippines were ceded by Spain to the US in 1898 following the Spanish-American War. They attained their independence in 1946 after being occupied by the Japanese in World War II. The 21-year rule of Ferdinand MARCOS ended in 1986 when a widespread popular rebellion forced him into exile. In 1992, the US closed down its last military bases on the islands. The Philippines has had two electoral presidential transitions since Marcos' removal by "people power."

In January 2001, the Supreme Court declared Joseph ESTRADA unable to rule in view of mass resignations from his government and administered the oath of office to Vice President Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO as his constitutional successor. The government continues to struggle with ongoing Muslim insurgencies in the south.

Geography

Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea, east of Vietnam

17 fields
Coastline
36,289km
land boundaries: 0 kmcontinental shelf: to depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: irregular polygon extending up to 100 NM from coastline as defined by 1898 treaty; since late 1970s has also claimed polygonal-shaped area in South China Sea up to 285 NM in breadth
Irrigated land
15,800sq km
(1993 est.)

Location

Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea, east of Vietnam

Geographic coordinates

13 00 N, 122 00 E

Map references

Southeast Asia

Area

total: 300,000 sq km land: 298,170 sq km water: 1,830 sq km

Climate

  • tropical marine;
  • northeast monsoon (November to April);
  • southwest monsoon (May to October)

Terrain

mostly mountains with narrow to extensive coastal lowlands

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Philippine Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Apo 2,954 m

Natural resources

timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt, copper

Land use

arable land: 19% permanent crops: 12% permanent pastures: 4% forests and woodland: 46% other: 19% (1993 est.)

Natural hazards

  • astride typhoon belt, usually affected by 15 and struck by five to six cyclonic storms per year;
  • landslides;
  • active volcanoes;
  • destructive earthquakes;
  • tsunamis

Environment - current issues

  • uncontrolled deforestation in watershed areas;
  • soil erosion;
  • air and water pollution in Manila;
  • increasing pollution of coastal mangrove swamps which are important fish breeding grounds

Environment - international agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

People

18 fields
Population
82,841,518
(July 2001 est.)growth rate: 2.03% (2001 est.)

Per 1,000 population(2001 est.)

Birth
27.37Death
6.04Net migration
-1.01

Ethnic groups

Christian Malay 91.5%Muslim Malay 4%Chinese 1.5%other 3%

Religions

Roman Catholic 83%Protestant 9%Muslim 5%Buddhist and other 3%

Age structure

0-14 years: 36.87% (male 15,547,712; female 14,997,544) 15-64 years: 59.45% (male 24,374,849; female 24,873,595) 65 years and over: 3.68% (male 1,355,046; female 1,692,772) (2001 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)

Infant mortality rate

28.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 67.8 years male: 64.96 years female: 70.79 years (2001 est.)

Total fertility rate

3.42 children born/woman (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

1,200 (1999 est.)

Nationality

noun: Filipino(s) adjective: Philippine

Languages

two official languages - Filipino (based on Tagalog) and English, eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocan, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinense

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 94.6% male: 95% female: 94.3% (1995 est.)

Government

Republic; President Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO (since 20 January 2001)

21 fields

Legislature, 221 seatsone dot, one seat

LAMP 135Lakas 37LP 13Aksyon Demokratiko 1other 35

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of the Philippines conventional short form: Philippines local long form: Republika ng Pilipinas local short form: Pilipinas

Capital

Manila

Administrative divisions

73 provinces and 61 chartered cities*; Abra, Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Aklan, Albay, Angeles*, Antique, Aurora, Bacolod*, Bago*, Baguio*, Bais*, Basilan, Basilan City*, Bataan, Batanes, Batangas, Batangas City*, Benguet, Bohol, Bukidnon, Bulacan, Butuan*, Cabanatuan*, Cadiz*, Cagayan, Cagayan de Oro*, Calbayog*, Caloocan*, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Camiguin, Canlaon*, Capiz, Catanduanes, Cavite, Cavite City*, Cebu, Cebu City*, Cotabato*, Dagupan*, Danao*, Dapitan*, Davao City* Davao, Davao del Sur, Davao Oriental, Dipolog*, Dumaguete*, Eastern Samar, General Santos*, Gingoog*, Ifugao, Iligan*, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Iloilo, Iloilo City*, Iriga*, Isabela, Kalinga-Apayao, La Carlota*, Laguna, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Laoag*, Lapu-Lapu*, La Union, Legaspi*, Leyte, Lipa*, Lucena*, Maguindanao, Mandaue*, Manila*, Marawi*, Marinduque, Masbate, Mindoro Occidental, Mindoro Oriental, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Mountain, Naga*, Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, North Cotabato, Northern Samar, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Olongapo*, Ormoc*, Oroquieta*, Ozamis*, Pagadian*, Palawan, Palayan*, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Pasay*, Puerto Princesa*, Quezon, Quezon City*, Quirino, Rizal, Romblon, Roxas*, Samar, San Carlos* (in Negros Occidental), San Carlos* (in Pangasinan), San Jose*, San Pablo*, Silay*, Siquijor, Sorsogon, South Cotabato, Southern Leyte, Sultan Kudarat, Sulu, Surigao*, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Tacloban*, Tagaytay*, Tagbilaran*, Tangub*, Tarlac, Tawitawi, Toledo*, Trece Martires*, Zambales, Zamboanga*, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur

Independence

4 July 1946 (from US)

National holiday

Independence Day (from Spain), 12 June (1898); note - 12 June 1898 is the date of independence from Spain, 4 July 1946 is the date of independence from the US

Constitution

2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch

chief of state:
  • President Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO (since 20 January 2001);
  • note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO (since 20 January 2001);
  • note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president with the consent of the Commission of Appointments elections: president and vice president elected on separate tickets by popular vote for six-year terms;
  • election last held 11 May 1998 (next to be held 16 May 2004) election results: results of the last presidential election - Joseph Ejercito ESTRADA elected president;
  • percent of vote - approximately 40%;
  • Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO elected vice president;
  • percent of vote - NA%;
  • note - on 20 January 2001, Vice President Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO was sworn in as the constitutional successor to President Joseph ESTRADA after the Supreme Court declared that President ESTRADA was unable to rule in view of the mass resignations from his government;
  • according to the Constitution, only in cases of death, permanent disability, removal from office, or resignation of the president, can the vice president serve for the unexpired term

Legislative branch

  • bicameral Congress or Kongreso consists of the Senate or Senado (24 seats - one-half elected every three years; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan (204 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; note - additional members may be appointed by the president but the Constitution prohibits the House of Representatives from having more than 250 members) elections: Senate - last held 11 May 1998 (next to be held 14 May 2001);
  • House of Representatives - elections last held 11 May 1998 (next to be held 14 May 2001) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%;
  • seats by party - LAMP 12, Lakas 5, PRP 2, LP 1, other 3;
  • note - the Senate now has only 22 members with one seat vacated when Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO became vice president and another seat vacated upon a senator's death;
  • the two seats can only be filled by election and will remain open until the next regular election in May 2001;
  • House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%;
  • seats by party - LAMP 135, Lakas 37, LP 13, Aksyon Demokratiko 1, other 35

Judicial branch

Supreme Court (justices are appointed for four-year terms by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council)

Political parties and leaders

People Power Coalition or PPC includes: Aksyon Demokratiko or Democratic Action [Raul ROCO], Lakas-NUCD [Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO, titular head, Teofisto GUINGONA, party president], Liberal Party or LP [Florencio ABAD], Probinsiya Muna Development Initiative or Promdi [Lito OSMENA], and Reporma Party [Renato DE VILLA]; Puwersa ng Masa (Force of the

Masses) includes

  • Laban Ng Demokratikong Pilipino (Struggle of Filipino Democrats) or LDP [Eduardo ANGARA], Laban Ng Masang Pilipino or LAMP (Struggle of the Filipino Masses) [Joseph ESTRADA], and People's Reform Party or PRP [Miriam DEFENSOR-SANTIAGO];
  • Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (New Society Movement) [Imelda MARCOS];
  • Nacionalista Party [Jose OLIVEROS];
  • National People's Coalition or NPC [Eduardo COJUANGCO]

International organization participation

APEC, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNTAET, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Acting Ambassador Ariel ABADILLA chancery: 1600 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 467-9300

FAX

[1] (202) 467-9317 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Honolulu, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco consulate(s): San Diego

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affairs Michael E. MALINOWSKI embassy: 1201 Roxas Boulevard, Ermita 1000 Manila mailing address: FPO 96515 telephone: [63] (2) 523-1001

FAX

[63] (2) 522-4361

Flag description

  • two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a white equilateral triangle based on the hoist side;
  • in the center of the triangle is a yellow sun with eight primary rays (each containing three individual rays) and in each corner of the triangle is a small yellow five-pointed star

Economy

In 1998 the Philippine economy - a mixture of agriculture, light industry, and supporting services - deteriorated as a result of spillover from the Asian financial crisis and poor weather conditions.

32 fields
Real growth rate
3.6%
(2000 est.)industrial production growth: 4% (2000 est.)

Trading partnersexports left, imports right

34%
US
22%
14%
Japan
20%
8%
Netherlands
South Korea
8%
6%
Singapore
6%
6%
UK
Taiwan
5%
4%
Hong Kong
4%
Exports $38 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)Imports $35 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)(1998) · (1998 est.)

Electricity

Electricity production
40.745 billion (1999)Electricity consumption
37.893 billion (1999)

Economy - overview

In 1998 the Philippine economy - a mixture of agriculture, light industry, and supporting services - deteriorated as a result of spillover from the Asian financial crisis and poor weather conditions. Growth fell to about -0.5% in 1998 from 5% in 1997, but recovered to about 3% in 1999 and 3.6% in 2000.

The government has promised to continue its economic reforms to help the Philippines match the pace of development in the newly industrialized countries of East Asia. The strategy includes improving infrastructure, overhauling the tax system to bolster government revenues, moving toward further deregulation and privatization of the economy, and increasing trade integration with the region.

GDP

purchasing power parity - $310 billion (2000 est.)

GDP - per capita

purchasing power parity - $3,800 (2000 est.)

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture: 20% industry: 32% services: 48% (1997 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 1.5% highest 10%: 39.3% (1998)

Labor force

48.1 million (2000 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture 39.8%, government and social services 19.4%, services 17.7%, manufacturing 9.8%, construction 5.8%, other 7.5% (1998 est.)

Budget

revenues: $14.5 billion expenditures: $12.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)

Industries

textiles, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, wood products, food processing, electronics assembly, petroleum refining, fishing

Electricity - production by source

fossil fuel: 61.03% hydro: 18.68% nuclear: 0% other: 20.29% (1999)

Agriculture - products

  • rice, coconuts, corn, sugarcane, bananas, pineapples, mangoes;
  • pork, eggs, beef;
  • fish

Exports

$38 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Exports - commodities

electronic equipment, machinery and transport equipment, garments, coconut products

Imports

$35 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Imports - commodities

raw materials and intermediate goods, capital goods, consumer goods, fuels

Debt - external

$52 billion (1999)

Economic aid - recipient

ODA, $1.1 billion (1998)

Currency

Philippine peso (PHP)

Exchange rates

Philippine pesos per US dollar - 50.969 (January 2001), 44.192 (2000), 39.089 (1999), 40.893 (1998), 29.471 (1997), 26.216 (1996)

Fiscal year

calendar year

Communications

10 fields
Mobile cellular
1.959 million
(1998)
Fixed lines
1.9 million
(1997) · country code .ph

Telephone system

general assessment:
  • good international radiotelephone and submarine cable services;
  • domestic and interisland service adequate domestic: domestic satellite system with 11 earth stations international: 9 international gateways;
  • satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean);
  • submarine cables to Hong Kong, Guam, Singapore, Taiwan, and Japan

Radio broadcast stations

AM 366, FM 290, shortwave 3 (1999)

Radios

11.5 million (1997)

Televisions

3.7 million (1997)

Internet users

500,000 (2000)

Transportation

10 fields

Railways

total: 492 km (an additional 405 km are not in operation) narrow gauge: 492 km 1.067-m gauge (1996)

Highways

total: 199,950 km paved: 39,590 km unpaved: 160,360 km (1998 est.)

Waterways

3,219 km note: limited to vessels with a draft of less than 1.5 m

Pipelines

petroleum products 357 km

Ports and harbors

Batangas, Cagayan de Oro, Cebu, Davao, Guimaras Island, Iligan, Iloilo, Jolo, Legaspi, Manila, Masao, Puerto Princesa, San Fernando, Subic Bay, Zamboanga

Merchant marine

total: 459 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,653,062 GRT/8,512,326 DWT ships by type: bulk 149, cargo 123, chemical tanker 4, combination bulk 10, container 5, liquefied gas 13, livestock carrier 10, passenger 4, passenger/cargo 12, petroleum tanker 42, refrigerated cargo 21, roll on/roll off 17, short-sea passenger 31, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 16 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Cyprus 1, Denmark 1, Hong Kong 5, Japan 14, Netherlands 1, Singapore 1, UK 1 (2000 est.)

Airports

288 (2000 est.)

Airports - with paved runways

total: 76 over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 28 914 to 1,523 m: 28 under 914 m: 11 (2000 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 212 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 81 under 914 m: 129 (2000 est.)

Heliports

1 (2000 est.)

Military

Army, Navy (includes Coast Guard and Marine Corps), Air Force

7 fields

Military branches

Army, Navy (includes Coast Guard and Marine Corps), Air Force

Military manpower - availability

males age 15-49: 21,220,191 (2001 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service

males age 15-49: 14,942,363 (2001 est.)

Transnational Issues

2 fields

Disputes - international

  • involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia, Taiwan, Vietnam, and possibly Brunei;
  • claim to Malaysia's Sabah State has not been fully revoked

Illicit drugs

  • exports locally produced marijuana and hashish to East Asia, the US, and other Western markets;
  • serves as a transit point for heroin and crystal methamphetamine

Central Intelligence Agency. “Philippines.” The World Factbook 2001. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/philippines/2001.

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