Portugal

Portuguese RepublicRepublica Portuguesa

republic

Portugal as the 1993 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 80 fields, one of 36 editions from 1990 to 2025.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalLisbon

Area92,080 km2

LocationSouthern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean west of Spain

Populationas each edition published it

10.49 million July 1993 est. · 10.35m in 1990

Population growth% a year

0.36% 1993 est. · -0.11% in 2025

Median ageyears

Not in this edition 37.6 yrs in 2003

Life expectancyyears at birth

74.89 years 1993 est. · 81.9 yrs in 2025

Fertility ratechildren per woman

1.45 children per woman 1993 est. · 1.5 in 1990

Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births

9.8 deaths per 1,000 live births 1993 est. · 14 in 1990

GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars

$9,000 1992 · $41,900 in 2025

GDP real growth% a year

1.1% 1992 · 1.9% in 2025

Geography

Southern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean west of Spain

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Area

92,080km2

land area: 91,640 km2comparative area: slightly smaller than Indiananote: includes Azores and Madeira Islands

Coastline

1,793km

continental shelf: 200 m depth or to depth of exploitationexclusive economic zone: 200 nmterritorial sea: 12 nm

Land boundaries

1,214km

total · Spain 1,214 km

Irrigated land

6,340km2

(1989 est.)

Location

Southern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean west of Spain

Map references

Africa, Europe, Standard Time Zones of the World

International disputes

sovereignty over Timor Timur (East Timor Province) disputed with Indonesia

Climate

maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south

Terrain

mountainous north of the Tagus, rolling plains in south

Natural resources

fish, forests (cork), tungsten, iron ore, uranium ore, marble

Land use

arable land:: 32%
permanent crops:: 6%
meadows and pastures:: 6%
forest and woodland:: 40%
other:: 16%

Note

Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar

People

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Population

10,486,140

(July 1993 est.)growth rate: 0.36% (1993 est.)

Per 1,000 population(1993 est.)

Birth

11.59Death

9.77Net migration

1.8

Male · female(1993 est.)

TotalMale · femaleLife expectancy years74.89

71.43 · 78.56

TotalMale · femaleLiteracy85%

89% · 82%

MaleFemaleLiteracy age 15 and over can read and write (1990)

Religions

Roman Catholic 97%Protestant denominations 1%other 2%

Labor force

4,605,700

by occupation: services 45%, industry 35%, agriculture 20% (1988)

Infant mortality rate

9.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Nationality

noun:: Portuguese (singular and plural)
adjective:: Portuguese

Ethnic divisions

homogeneous Mediterranean stock in mainland, Azores, Madeira Islands;
citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000

Government

Republic

21 fields

Presidential electionpercent of vote

70%

Dr. Mario Lopes SOARES 70%Basilio HORTA 14%Carlos CARVALHAS 13%Carlos MARQUES 3%

Names

conventional long form:: Portuguese Republic
conventional short form:: Portugal
local long form:: Republica Portuguesa
local short form:: Portugal

Administrative divisions

18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions*, (regioes autonomas, Lisboa, Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo,, Vila Real, Viseu

Dependent areas

Macau (scheduled to become a Special Administrative Region of China on 20 December 1999)

Independence

1140 (independent republic proclaimed 5 October 1910)

Constitution

25 April 1976, revised 30 October 1982 and 1 June 1989

Legal system

civil law system;
the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the constitutionality of legislation;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Political parties and leaders

Social Democratic Party (PSD), Anibal CAVACO Silva;
Portuguese Socialist Party (PS), Antonio GUTERRES;
Party of Democratic Renewal (PRD), Pedro CANAVARRO;
Portuguese Communist Party (PCP), Carlos CARVALHAS;
Social Democratic Center (CDS), Manuel MONTEIRO;
National Solidarity Party, Manuel SERGIO;
Center Democratic Party;
United Democratic Coalition (CDU; Communists)

Elections

President:: last held 13 February 1991 (next to be held NA February 1996); results - Dr. Mario Lopes SOARES 70%, Basilio HORTA 14%, Carlos CARVALHAS 13%, Carlos MARQUES 3%
Assembly of the Republic:: last held 6 October 1991 (next to be held NA October 1995);
results - PSD 50.4%, PS 29.3%, CDU 8.8%, Center Democrats 4.4%, National Solidarity Party 1.7%, PRD 0.6%, other 4.8%;
seats - (230 total) PSD 135, PS 72, CDU 17, Center Democrats 5, National Solidarity Party 1

Executive branch

president, Council of State, prime minister, deputy prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Legislative branch

unicameral Assembly of the Republic (Assembleia da Republica)

Judicial branch

Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Supremo Tribunal de Justica)

Leaders

Chief of State:: President Dr. Mario Alberto Nobre Lopes SOARES (since 9 March 1986)
Head of Government:: Prime Minister Anibal CAVACO SILVA (since 6 November 1985)

AfDB, Australian Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, COCOM, CSCE, EBRD, EC, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), LORCS, MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMOZ, UNPROFOR, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Diplomatic representation in US

chief of mission:: Ambassador Francisco Jose Laco Treichler KNOPFLI
chancery:: 2125 Kalorama Road NW, Washington DC 20008
telephone:: (202) 328-8610
consulates general:: Boston, New York, Newark (New Jersey), and San Francisco
consulates:: Los Angeles, New Bedford (Massachusetts), and Providence (Rhode Island)

US diplomatic representation

chief of mission:: Ambassador Everett Ellis BRIGGS
embassy:: Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600 Lisbon
mailing address:: PSC 83, APO AE 09726
telephone:: [351] (1) 726-6600 or 6659, 8670, 8880
FAX:: [351] (1) 726-9109
consulate:: Ponta Delgada (Azores)

Flag

two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the Portuguese coat of arms centered on the dividing line

Economy

Although Portugal has experienced strong growth since joining the EC in 1986 | - at least 4% each year through 1990 - it remains one of the poorest | members.

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GDP per capita, PPP

$9,000

(1992)

Real growth rate

1.1%

(1992)industrial production growth: growth rate 9.1% (1990); accounts for 40% of GDP

Inflation, consumer prices

(1992)

Unemployment rate

(1992)

Budget

Revenues

$27.3 billionExpenditures

$33.2 billion

expenditures, including capital expenditures of $4.5 billion (1991)

Overview

Although Portugal has experienced strong growth since joining the EC in 1986 - at least 4% each year through 1990 - it remains one of the poorest members. To prepare for the European single market, the government is restructuring and modernizing the economy and in 1989 embarked on a major privatization program.

As of 1 January 1993, Lisbon has fully liberalized its capital markets and most trade markets. The global slowdown and tight monetary policies to counter inflation caused growth to slow in 1991 and 1992. Growth probably will remain depressed in 1993, but should pick up again in 1994.

National product

GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $93.7 billion (1992)

Exports

$16.3 billion (f.o.b., 1992 est.)

commodities:: cotton textiles, cork and paper products, canned fish, wine, timber and timber products, resin, machinery, appliances
partners:: EC 75.4%, other developed countries 12.4%, US 3.8% (1991)

Imports

$26.0 billion (c.i.f., 1992 est.)

commodities:: machinery and transport equipment, agricultural products, chemicals, petroleum, textiles
partners:: EC 72%, other developed countries 10.9% less developed countries 12.9%, US 3.4%

External debt

$16.9 billion (1992 est.)

Electricity

6,624,000 kW capacity; 26,400 million kWh produced, 2,520 kWh per capita (1992)

Industries

textiles and footwear;
wood pulp, paper, and cork;
metalworking;
oil refining;
chemicals;
fish canning;
wine;
tourism

Agriculture

accounts for 6.1% of GDP and 20% of labor force;
small, inefficient farms;
imports more than half of food needs;
major crops - grain, potatoes, olives, grapes;
livestock sector - sheep, cattle, goats, poultry, meat, dairy products

Illicit drugs

increasingly important gateway country for Latin American cocaine entering the European market

Economic aid

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.8 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.2 billion

Currency

1 Portuguese escudo (Esc) = 100 centavos

Exchange rates

Portuguese escudos (Esc) per US$1 - 145.51 (January 1993), 135.00 (1992), 144.48 (1991), 142.55 (1990), 157.46 (1989), 143.95 (1988)

Fiscal year

calendar year

Communications

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Merchant marine, 51 ships by typeone square, one ship

short-sea passenger 1cargo 21refrigerated cargo 3container 3roll-on/roll-off cargo 1oil tanker 13chemical tanker 2bulk 5liquified gas; note - Portugal has created a captive register on Madeira (MAR) for Portuguese-owned ships that will have the taxation and crewing benefits of a flag of convenience; although only one ship currently is known to fly the Portuguese flag on the MAR register, it is likely that a majority of Portuguese flag ships will transfer to this subregister in a few years 251 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 634,072 GRT/1,130,515 DWT

Networkskm

Highways

73,661Inland waterways

820

Highways: ; 61,599 km surfaced (bituminous, gravel, and crushed stone), including 140 km of limited-access divided highway; 7,962 km improved earth; 4,100 km unimproved earth (motorable tracks) · Inland waterways: ; relatively unimportant to national economy, used by shallow-draft craft limited to 300-metric-ton cargo capacity

Railroads

3,625 km total;
state-owned Portuguese Railroad Co. (CP) operates 2,858 km 1.665-meter gauge (434 km electrified and 426 km double track), 755 km 1.000-meter gauge;
12 km (1.435-meter gauge) electrified, double track, privately owned

Highways

73,661 km total;
61,599 km surfaced (bituminous, gravel, and crushed stone), including 140 km of limited-access divided highway;
7,962 km improved earth;
4,100 km unimproved earth (motorable tracks)

Inland waterways

820 km navigable; relatively unimportant to national economy, used by shallow-draft craft limited to 300-metric-ton cargo capacity

Pipelines

crude oil 11 km; petroleum products 58 km

Ports

Leixoes, Lisbon, Porto, Ponta Delgada (Azores), Velas (Azores), Setubal, Sines

Airports

total:: 64
usable:: 62
with permanent-surface runways:: 36
with runways over 3,659 m:: 2
with runways 2,440-3,659 m:: 10
with runways 1,220-2,439 m:: 11

Telecommunications

generally adequate integrated network of coaxial cables, open wire and microwave radio relay;
2,690,000 telephones;
broadcast stations - 57 AM, 66 (22 repeaters) FM, 66 (23 repeaters) TV;
6 submarine cables;
3 INTELSAT earth stations (2 Atlantic Ocean, 1 Indian Ocean), EUTELSAT, domestic satellite systems (mainland and Azores);
tropospheric link to Azores