Portugal

Portuguese RepublicRepublica Portuguesa

republic

Portugal as the 1995 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 84 fields, one of 36 editions from 1990 to 2025.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalLisbon

Area92,080 sq km

LocationSouthwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean,

Populationas each edition published it

10.56 million July 1995 est. · 10.35m in 1990

Population growth% a year

0.36% 1995 est. · 0.36% in 1993

Median ageyears

Not in this edition 37.6 yrs in 2003

Life expectancyyears at birth

75.53 years 1995 est. · 74.89 yrs in 1993

Fertility ratechildren per woman

1.47 children per woman 1995 est. · 1.5 in 1990

Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births

9.1 deaths per 1,000 live births 1995 est. · 14 in 1990

GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars

$10,190 1994 est. · $9,000 in 1993

GDP real growth% a year

1.4% 1994 est. · 1.1% in 1993

Geography

Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, | west of Spain

14 fields

Area

92,080sq km

land area: 91,640 sq kmcomparative area: slightly smaller than Indiananote: includes Azores and Madeira Islands

Coastline

1,793km

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitationexclusive economic zone: 200 nmterritorial sea: 12 nm

Land boundaries

1,214km

total · Spain 1,214 km

Irrigated land

6,340sq km

(1989 est.)

Location

Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain

International disputes

sovereignty over Timor Timur (East Timor Province) disputed with Indonesia

Climate

maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south

Terrain

mountainous north of the Tagus, rolling plains in south

Natural resources

fish, forests (cork), tungsten, iron ore, uranium ore, marble

Land use

arable land:: 32%
permanent crops:: 6%
meadows and pastures:: 6%
forest and woodland:: 40%
other:: 16%

Environment

current issues:: soil erosion;
air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions;
water pollution, especially in coastal areas
natural hazards:: Azores subject to severe earthquakes
international agreements:: party to - Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands;
signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban

Note

Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar

People

15 fields

Population

10,562,388

(July 1995 est.)growth rate: 0.36% (1995 est.)

Per 1,000 population(1995 est.)

Birth

11.72Death

9.65Net migration

1.55

Male · female(1995 est.)

TotalMale · femaleLife expectancy years75.53

72.11 · 79.16

TotalMale · femaleLiteracy85%

89% · 82%

MaleFemaleLiteracy age 15 and over can read and write (1990)

Religions

Roman Catholic 97%Protestant denominations 1%other 2%

Labor force

4.24million

(1994 est.)by occupation: services 54.5%, manufacturing 24.4%, agriculture, forestry, fisheries 11.2%, construction 8.3%, utilites 1.0%, mining 0.5% (1992)

Age structure

0-14 years:: 18% (female 943,412; male 1,000,971)
15-64 years:: 68% (female 3,625,086; male 3,499,176)
65 years and over:: 14% (female 889,142; male 604,601) (July 1995 est.)

Infant mortality rate

9.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)

Nationality

noun:: Portuguese (singular and plural)
adjective:: Portuguese

Ethnic divisions

homogeneous Mediterranean stock in mainland, Azores, Madeira Islands;
citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000

Government

Republic; President Dr. Mario Alberto Nobre Lopes SOARES (since 9 March 1986); Prime Minister Anibal CAVACO SILVA (since 6 November 1985)

23 fields

Presidential electionpercent of vote

70%

Dr. Mario Lopes SOARES 70%Basilio HORTA 14%Carlos CARVALHAS 13%Carlos MARQUES 3%

Legislature, 230 seatsone dot, one seat

PSD 136PS 71CDU 17CDS 5PSN 1

Names

conventional long form:: Portuguese Republic
conventional short form:: Portugal
local long form:: Republica Portuguesa
local short form:: Portugal

Administrative divisions

18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma);
Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa, Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu

Dependent areas

Macau (scheduled to become a Special Administrative Region of China on 20 December 1999)

Independence

1140 (independent republic proclaimed 5 October 1910)

Constitution

25 April 1976, revised 30 October 1982 and 1 June 1989

Legal system

civil law system;
the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the constitutionality of legislation;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Executive branch

chief of state:: President Dr. Mario Alberto Nobre Lopes SOARES (since 9 March 1986);
election last held 13 February 1991 (next to be held NA February 1996);
results - Dr. Mario Lopes SOARES 70%, Basilio HORTA 14%, Carlos CARVALHAS 13%, Carlos MARQUES 3%;
note - SOARES is finishing his second term and by law cannot run for a third consecutive term
head of government:: Prime Minister Anibal CAVACO SILVA (since 6 November 1985); note - will be replaced in the October 1995 elections

Council of State

acts as a consultative body to the president; cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister

Assembly of the Republic (Assembleia da Republica)

elections last held 6 October 1991 (next to be held NA October 1995);
results - PSD 50.4%, PS 29.3%, CDU 8.8%, CDS 4.4%, PSN 1.7%, PRD 0.6%, other 4.8%;
seats - (230 total) PSD 136, PS 71, CDU 17, CDS 5, PSN 1

Judicial branch

Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Supremo Tribunal de Justica)

Political parties and leaders

Social Democratic Party (PSD), Fernando NOGUEIRA;
Portuguese Socialist Party (PS), Antonio GUTERRES;
Party of Democratic Renewal (PRD), Pedro CANAVARRO;
Portuguese Communist Party (PCP), Carlos CARVALHAS;
Social Democratic Center (CDS), Manuel MONTEIRO;
National Solidarity Party (PSN), Manuel SERGIO;
Center Democratic Party (CDS);
United Democratic Coalition (CDU; Communists)

AfDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, EC, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMOZ, UNPROFOR, UPU, WCL, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Diplomatic representation in US

chief of mission:: Ambassador Francisco Jose Laco Treichler KNOPFLI
chancery:: 2125 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone:: [1] (202) 328-8610

FAX

[1] (202) 462-3726

consulate(s) general:: Boston, New York, Newark (New Jersey), and San Francisco
consulate(s):: Los Angeles, New Bedford (Massachusetts), Providence (Rhode Island), and Washington, DC

US diplomatic representation

chief of mission:: Ambassador Elizabeth Frawley BAGLEY
embassy:: Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600 Lisbon
mailing address:: PSC 83, Lisbon; APO AE 09726
telephone:: [351] (1) 7266600, 7266659, 7268670, 7268880

FAX

[351] (1) 7269109; consulate(s): Ponta Delgada (Azores)

Flag

two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the Portuguese coat of arms centered on the dividing line

Economy

Portugal's economy contracted 0.4% in 1993 but registered a | 1.4% growth in 1994, with 3% growth expected in 1995 and 1996.

19 fields

GDP per capita, PPP

$10,190

(1994 est.)

Real growth rate

1.4%

(1994 est.)industrial production growth: growth rate 1.5% (1994 est.); accounts for 30.6% of GDP

Inflation, consumer prices

6.1%

(May 1994)

Unemployment rate

6.7%

(May 1994)

Budget

Revenues

$31 billionExpenditures

$41 billion (1994)

expenditures including capital expenditures of $NA

Installed generating capacity, 8,220,000 kW

Electricity production

29.5 billionElectricity consumption per capita

2,642 (1993)

Overview

Portugal's economy contracted 0.4% in 1993 but registered a 1.4% growth in 1994, with 3% growth expected in 1995 and 1996. This comeback rests on high levels of public investment, continuing strong export growth, and a gradual recovery in consumer spending. The government's long-run economic goal is the modernization of Portuguese markets, industry, infrastructure, and work force in order to catch up with productivity and income levels of the more advanced EU countries.

Per capita income now equals only 55% of the EU average. Economic policy in 1994 focused on reducing inflationary pressures by lowering the fiscal deficit, maintaining a stable escudo, moderating wage increases, and encouraging increased competition. The government's medium-term objective is to be in the first tier of the EU countries eligible to join the economic and monetary union (EMU) as early as 1997. To this end, the 1995 budget posits a cut in total deficit to 5.8% of GDP.

National product

GDP - purchasing power parity - $107.3 billion (1994 est.)

Exports

$15.4 billion (f.o.b., 1993)

commodities:: clothing and footwear, machinery, cork and paper products, hides and skins
partners:: EU 75.5%, other developed countries 12.4%, US 4.3% (1994)

Imports

$24.3 billion (c.i.f., 1993)

commodities:: machinery and transport equipment, agricultural products, chemicals, petroleum, textiles
partners:: EC 72%, other developed countries 10.9%, less developed countries 12.9%, US 3.4%

External debt

$20 billion (1993 est.)

Industries

textiles and footwear;
wood pulp, paper, and cork;
metalworking;
oil refining;
chemicals;
fish canning;
wine;
tourism

Agriculture

accounts for 5% of GDP;
small, inefficient farms;
imports more than half of food needs;
major crops - grain, potatoes, olives, grapes;
livestock sector - sheep, cattle, goats, poultry, meat, dairy products

Illicit drugs

increasingly important gateway country for Latin American cocaine entering the European market; transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe

Economic aid

recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.8 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.2 billion

Currency

1 Portuguese escudo (Esc) = 100 centavos

Exchange rates

Portuguese escudos (Esc) per US$1 - 158.02 (January 1995), 165.99 (1994), 160.80 (1993), 135.00 (1992), 144.48 (1991), 142.55 (1990)

Fiscal year

calendar year

Transportation

7 fields

Airports by runway lengthpaved left, unpaved right · 65 in all

over 3,047 m

2,438 to 3,047 m

1,524 to 2,437 m

914 to 1,523 m

under 914 m

PavedUnpaved

Networkskm

Highways

70,176Railroads

3,068Inland waterways

820

Highways: paved and graveled: 60,351 km (519 km of expressways) · unpaved: earth 9,825 km · Railroads: broad gauge: 2,761 km 1.668-m gauge (439 km electrified; 426 km double track) · narrow gauge: 307 km 1.000-m gauge · Inland waterways: ; relatively unimportant to national economy, used by shallow-draft craft limited to 300 metric-ton cargo capacity

Railroads

total:: 3,068 km
broad gauge:: 2,761 km 1.668-m gauge (439 km electrified; 426 km double track)
narrow gauge:: 307 km 1.000-m gauge

Highways

total:: 70,176 km
paved and graveled:: 60,351 km (519 km of expressways)
unpaved:: earth 9,825 km

Inland waterways

820 km navigable; relatively unimportant to national economy, used by shallow-draft craft limited to 300 metric-ton cargo capacity

Pipelines

crude oil 22 km; petroleum products 58 km

Ports

Aveiro, Funchal (Madeira Islands), Horta (Azores), Leixoes, Lisbon, Porto, Ponta Delgada (Azores), Praia da Vitoria (Azores), Setubal, Viana do Castelo

Merchant marine

total:: 65 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 852,785 GRT/1,545,804 DWT
ships by type:: bulk 5, cargo 28, chemical tanker 5, container 4, liquefied gas tanker 2, oil tanker 17, refrigerated cargo 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1, short-sea passenger 1

note: Portugal has created a captive register on Madeira for Portuguese-owned ships; ships on the Madeira Register (MAR) will have taxation and crewing benefits of a flag of convenience; in addition, Portugal owns 25 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 155,776 DWT that operate under Panamanian and Maltese registry

Communications

3 fields

Telephone system

2,690,000 telephones

local:: NA
intercity:: generally adequate integrated network of coaxial cables, open wire and microwave radio relay, domestic satellite earth stations
international:: 6 submarine cables;
3 INTELSAT (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), EUTELSAT earth stations;
tropospheric link to Azores