Portugal

Portuguese Republic conventional short form: Portugal local long form: Republica Portuguesa local short form: Portugal

parliamentary democracy

Portugal as the 2001 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 116 fields, one of 36 editions from 1990 to 2025.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalLisbon

Position39 30 N, 8 00 W

Area92,391 sq km land: 91,951 sq km water: 440 sq km note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands

LocationSouthwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain

Populationas each edition published it

10.07 million July 2001 est. · 10.35m in 1990

Population growth% a year

0.18% 2001 est. · 0.36% in 1993

Median ageyears

Not in this edition 37.6 yrs in 2003

Life expectancyyears at birth

75.94 years 2001 est. · 74.89 yrs in 1993

Fertility ratechildren per woman

1.48 children per woman 2001 est. · 1.5 in 1990

Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births

5.94 deaths per 1,000 live births 2001 est. · 14 in 1990

GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars

$15,800 2000 est. · $9,000 in 1993

GDP real growth% a year

2.7% 2000 est. · 1.1% in 1993

Introduction

1 field

Background

Following its heyday as a world power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence in 1822 of Brazil as a colony. A 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy; for most of the next six decades repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup installed broad democratic reforms. The following year Portugal granted independence to all of its African colonies. Portugal entered the EC in 1985.

Geography

Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain

18 fields

Coastline

1,793km

contiguous zone: 24 NM continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM

Irrigated land

6,300sq km

(1993 est.)

Location

Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain

Geographic coordinates

39 30 N, 8 00 W

Map references

Europe

Area

total: 92,391 sq km land: 91,951 sq km water: 440 sq km note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands

Land boundaries

total: 1,214 km border countries: Spain 1,214 km

Climate

maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south

Terrain

mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in south

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m

Natural resources

fish, forests (cork), tungsten, iron ore, uranium ore, marble, arable land, hydro power

Land use

arable land: 26% permanent crops: 9% permanent pastures: 9% forests and woodland: 36% other: 20% (1993 est.)

Natural hazards

Azores subject to severe earthquakes

Environment - current issues

soil erosion;
air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions;
water pollution, especially in coastal areas

Environment - international agreements

party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban

Geography - note

Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar

People

18 fields

Population

10,066,253

(July 2001 est.)growth rate: 0.18% (2001 est.)

Per 1,000 population(2001 est.)

Birth

11.51Death

10.21Net migration

0.5

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

0.74%

(1999 est.)

Age structure

0-14 years: 16.96% (male 877,379; female 830,242) 15-64 years: 67.42% (male 3,321,473; female 3,465,481) 65 years and over: 15.62% (male 637,207; female 934,471) (2001 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2001 est.)

Infant mortality rate

5.94 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 75.94 years male: 72.44 years female: 79.68 years (2001 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.48 children born/woman (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

36,000 (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

280 (1999 est.)

Nationality

noun: Portuguese (singular and plural) adjective: Portuguese

Ethnic groups

homogeneous Mediterranean stock; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000

Religions

Roman Catholic 94%, Protestant (1995)

Languages

Portuguese

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 87.4% male: NA% female: NA%

Government

Parliamentary democracy

20 fields

Presidential electionpercent of vote

55.8%

Jorge SAMPAIO (Socialist) 55.8%Joaquim FERREIRA Do Amaral (Social Democrat) 34.5%Antonio ABREU (Communist) 5.1%

Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica, 230 seatsone dot, one seat

PS 115PSD 81PCP 15PP 15PEV 2The Left Bloc 2

Country name

conventional long form: Portuguese Republic conventional short form: Portugal local long form: Republica Portuguesa local short form: Portugal

Government type

parliamentary democracy

Capital

Lisbon

Administrative divisions

18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma);
Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa, Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu

Independence

1140 (independent republic proclaimed 5 October 1910)

National holiday

Portugal Day, 10 June (1580)

Constitution

25 April 1976, revised 30 October 1982, 1 June 1989, 5 November 1992, and 3 September 1997

Legal system

civil law system;
the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the constitutionality of legislation;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch

chief of state:: President Jorge SAMPAIO (since 9 March 1996) head of government: Prime Minister Antonio Manuel de Oliviera GUTERRES (since 28 October 1995) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister note: there is also a Council of State that acts as a consultative body to the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election last held 14 January 2001 (next to be held NA January 2006);
following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president election results: Jorge SAMPAIO re-elected president;
percent of vote - Jorge SAMPAIO (Socialist) 55.8%, Joaquim FERREIRA Do Amaral (Social Democrat) 34.5%, Antonio ABREU (Communist) 5.1%

Legislative branch

unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 10 October 1999 (next to be held by NA October 2003) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%;
seats by party - PS 115, PSD 81, PCP 15, PP 15, PEV 2, The Left Bloc 2

Judicial branch

Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (judges appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura)

Political parties and leaders

The Greens or PEV [leader NA];
Popular Party or PP [Paulo PORTAS];
Portuguese Communist Party/United Democratic Coalition or PCP/CDU [Carlos CARVALHAS];
Portuguese Socialist Party or PS [Antonio GUTERRES];
Social Democratic Party or PSD [leader vacant];
The Left Bloc [no leader]

Political pressure groups and leaders

International organization participation

AfDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MINURSO, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNTAET, UPU, WCL, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Joao Alberto Bacelar ROCHA PARIS chancery: 2125 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 328-8610

FAX

[1] (202) 462-3726 consulate(s) general: Boston, New York, Newark (New Jersey), and San Francisco consulate(s): Los Angeles, New Bedford (Massachusetts), Providence (Rhode Island)

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Gerald S. MCGOWAN embassy: Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600 Lisbon mailing address: PSC 83, APO AE 09726 telephone: [351] (21) 727-3300

FAX

[351] (21) 726-9109 consulate(s): Ponta Delgada (Azores)

Flag description

two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the Portuguese coat of arms centered on the dividing line

Economy

Portugal is an upcoming capitalist economy with a per capita GDP two-thirds that of the four big West European economies.

32 fields

Real growth rate

2.7%

(2000 est.)industrial production growth: 2.9% (1999 est.)

Inflation, consumer prices

2.8%

(2000 est.)

Unemployment rate

4.3%

(2000 est.)

Labor force

5million

(1999)

Electricity

Electricity production

41.696 billion (1999)Electricity consumption

37.915 billion (1999)Electricity exports

4.49 billion (1999)Electricity imports

3.628 billion (1999)

Economy - overview

Portugal is an upcoming capitalist economy with a per capita GDP two-thirds that of the four big West European economies. The country qualified for the European Monetary Union (EMU) in 1998 and joined with 10 other European countries in launching the euro on 1 January 1999. The year 2000 was marked by moderation in growth, inflation, and unemployment.

The country continues to run a sizable trade deficit. The government is working to reform the tax system, to modernize capital plant, and to increase the country's competitiveness in the increasingly integrated world markets. Growth is expected to fall off slightly in 2001. Improvement in the education sector is critical to the long-run catch-up process.

GDP

purchasing power parity - $159 billion (2000 est.)

GDP - per capita

purchasing power parity - $15,800 (2000 est.)

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture: 4% industry: 36% services: 60% (1999 est.)

Population below poverty line

NA%

Labor force - by occupation

services 60%, industry 30%, agriculture 10% (1999 est.)

Budget

revenues: $48.6 billion expenditures: $50.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $7.7 billion (2000 est.)

Industries

textiles and footwear;
wood pulp, paper, and cork;
metalworking;
oil refining;
chemicals;
fish canning;
wine;
tourism

Electricity - production by source

fossil fuel: 79.97% hydro: 17.25% nuclear: 0% other: 2.78% (1999)

Agriculture - products

grain, potatoes, olives, grapes; sheep, cattle, goats, poultry, beef, dairy products

Exports

$26.1 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Exports - commodities

clothing and footwear, machinery, chemicals, cork and paper products, hides

Exports - partners

EU 83% (Germany 20%, Spain 18%, France 14%, UK 12%, Netherlands 5%, Benelux 5%, Italy), US 5% (1999)

Imports

$41 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum, textiles, agricultural products

Imports - partners

EU 78% (Spain 25%, Germany 15%, France 11%, Italy 8%, UK 7%, Netherlands 5%), US 3%, Japan 3% (1998)

Debt - external

$13.1 billion (1997 est.)

Economic aid - donor

ODA, $271 million (1995)

Currency

Portuguese escudo (PTE); euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the EU introduced the euro as a common currency that is now being used by financial institutions in Portugal at a fixed rate of 200.482 Portuguese escudos per euro and will replace the local currency for all transactions in 2002

Currency code

PTE; EUR

Exchange rates

euros per US dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); Portuguese escudos per US dollar - 180.10 (1998), 175.31 (1997), 154.24 (1996)

Fiscal year

calendar year

Communications

10 fields

Mobile cellular

3,074,194

(1999)

Internet users

(2000)

Fixed lines

5.3 million

(end 1998) · country code .pt

Telephone system

general assessment:: undergoing rapid development in recent years, Portugal's telephone system, by the end of 1998, achieved a state-of-the-art network with broadband, high-speed capabilities and a main line telephone density of 53% domestic: integrated network of coaxial cables, open wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations international: 6 submarine cables;
satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat;
tropospheric scatter to Azores;
note - an earth station for Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region) is planned

Radio broadcast stations

AM 47, FM 172 (many are repeaters), shortwave 2 (1998)

Radios

3.02 million (1997)

Television broadcast stations

62 (plus 166 repeaters) note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands (1995)

Televisions

3.31 million (1997)

Internet users

700,000 (2000)

Transportation

9 fields

Railways

total: 2,850 km broad gauge: 2,576 km 1.668-m gauge (623 km electrified; 426 km double track) narrow gauge: 274 km 1.000-m gauge (1998)

Highways

total: 68,732 km paved: 59,110 km (including 797 km of expressways) unpaved: 9,622 km (1999)

Waterways

820 km note: relatively unimportant to national economy, used by shallow-draft craft limited to 300 metric-ton or less cargo capacity

Pipelines

crude oil 22 km;
petroleum products 58 km;
natural gas 700 km note: the secondary lines for the natural gas pipeline that will be 300 km long have not yet been built

Ports and harbors

Aveiro, Funchal (Madeira Islands), Horta (Azores), Leixoes, Lisbon, Porto, Ponta Delgada (Azores), Praia da Vitoria (Azores), Setubal, Viana do Castelo

Merchant marine

total: 158 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,053,586 GRT/1,611,238 DWT ships by type: bulk 14, cargo 84, chemical tanker 16, container 10, liquefied gas 7, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, petroleum tanker 11, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 6, short-sea passenger 4, vehicle carrier 4 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Spain 1 (2000 est.)

Military

Army, Navy (includes Marines), Air Force, National Republican Guard

7 fields

Military expenditures - percent of GDP

2.6%

(FY97)

Transnational Issues