Uganda

Republic of Uganda

republicIndependence 9 October 1962 (from UK)

Uganda as the 1996 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 87 fields, one of 36 editions from 1990 to 2025.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalKampala

Position1 00 N, 32 00 E

Area236,040 sq km

LocationEastern Africa, west of Kenya

Populationas each edition published it

20.16 million July 1996 est. · 17.96m in 1990

Population growth% a year

2.24% 1996 est. · 2.69% in 1993

Median ageyears

Not in this edition 14.7 yrs in 2003

Life expectancyyears at birth

40.29 years 1996 est. · 38.4 yrs in 1993

Fertility ratechildren per woman

6.61 children per woman 1996 est. · 7.4 in 1990

Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births

99.4 deaths per 1,000 live births 1996 est. · 107 in 1990

GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars

$900 1995 est. · $300 in 1993

GDP real growth% a year

7.1% 1995 est. · 4% in 1993

Geography

Eastern Africa, west of Kenya

15 fields

Land useshare of 236,040 sq km

arable land 23%permanent crops 9%meadows and pastures 25%forest and woodland 30%other 13%irrigated 90 sq km (1989 est.)

Area

236,040sq km

land area: 199,710 sq kmcomparative area: slightly smaller than Oregon

Coastline

0km

(landlocked)Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

Land boundaries

2,698km

border countries: Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km, Zaire 765 km

Climate

tropical;
generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August);
semiarid in northeast

Terrain

mostly plateau with rim of mountains

lowest point:: Lake Albert 621 m
highest point:: Margherita (Mount Stanley) 5,110 m

Environment

current issues:: draining of wetlands for agricultural use;
deforestation;
overgrazing;
soil erosion;
poaching is widespread
natural hazards:: NA
international agreements:: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands;
signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Environmental Modification

People

15 fields

Population

20,158,176

(July 1996 est.)growth rate: 2.24% (1996 est.)

Per 1,000 population(1996 est.)

Birth

45.92Death

20.72Net migration

-2.8

Net migration: note: Uganda is host to refugees from a number of neighboring countries, including Zaire, Sudan, and Rwanda; probably in excess of 100,000 southern Sudanese fled to Uganda during the past year; many of the 8,000 Rwandans who took refuge in Uganda have returned home

Male · female(1996 est.)

TotalMale · femaleLife expectancy years40.29

39.98 · 40.6

TotalMale · femaleLiteracy61.8%

73.7% · 50.2%

MaleFemaleLiteracy age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic 33%Protestant 33%Muslim 16%indigenous beliefs 18%

Age structure

0-14 years:: 50% (male 5,006,615; female 4,972,831)
15-64 years:: 48% (male 4,842,908; female 4,874,471)
65 years and over:: 2% (male 231,156; female 230,195) (July 1996 est.)

Net migration rate

-2.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

note: Uganda is host to refugees from a number of neighboring countries, including Zaire, Sudan, and Rwanda; probably in excess of 100,000 southern Sudanese fled to Uganda during the past year;

many of the 8,000 Rwandans who took refuge in Uganda have returned home

Sex ratio

at birth:: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years:: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years:: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over:: 1 male(s)/female
all ages:: 1 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

Infant mortality rate

99.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

Total fertility rate

6.61 children born/woman (1996 est.)

Nationality

noun:: Ugandan(s)
adjective:: Ugandan

Ethnic divisions

Baganda 17%, Karamojong 12%, Basogo 8%, Iteso 8%, Langi 6%, Rwanda 6%, Bagisu 5%, Acholi 4%, Lugbara 4%, Bunyoro 3%, Batobo 3%, European, Asian, Arab 1%, other 23%

Languages

English (official), Luganda, Swahili, Bantu languages, Nilotic languages

Government

Republic; President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power 29 January 1986); Prime Minister Kintu MUSOKE (since 18 November 1994)

22 fields

Presidential electionpercent of vote

74%

Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI 74%Paul K. SSEMOGERERE 24%Muhammad MAYANJA 2%

Name of country

conventional long form:: Republic of Uganda
conventional short form:: Uganda

Data code

Type of government

republic

Capital

Kampala

Administrative divisions

39 districts; Apac, Arua, Bundibugyo, Bushenyi, Gulu, Hoima, Iganga, Jinja, Kabale, Kabarole, Kalangala, Kampala, Kamuli, Kapchorwa, Kasese, Kibale, Kiboga, Kisoro, Kitgum, Kotido, Kumi, Lira, Luwero, Masaka, Masindi, Mbale, Mbarara, Moroto, Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono, Nebbi, Ntungamo, Pallisa, Rakai, Rukungiri, Soroti, Tororo

Independence

9 October 1962 (from UK)

National holiday

Independence Day, 9 October (1962)

Constitution

8 October 1995;
adopted by the interim, 284-member Constituent Assembly, charged with debating the draft constitution that had been proposed in May 1993;
the Constituent Assembly was dissolved on promulgation of the constitution in October 1995

Legal system

in 1995, the government restored the legal system to one based on English common law and customary law and reinstituted a normal judicial system;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch

chief of state:: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power 29 January 1986); election last held 9 May 1996 (next to be held NA); results - Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI 74%, Paul K. SSEMOGERERE 24%, Muhammad MAYANJA 2%; note - this was the first popular direct presidential election since independence in 1962
head of government:: Prime Minister Kintu MUSOKE (since 18 November 1994);
cabinet:: Cabinet, appointed by the president

Legislative branch

unicameral

National Assembly

elections last held in 1980;
note - the National Assembly was dissolved in July 1985 following a military coup and was succeeded on 1 February 1986 by the interim National Resistance Council, initially consisting of 23 appointed members, but by early-1989 enlarged to 278 members, of whom 210 were indirectly elected;
the National Resistance Council, which had served as Uganda's acting legislature for more than 10 years, was dissolved on 15 June 1996 to prepare for the popular election of a new legislature on 27 June 1996 in keeping with the provisions of the new constitution

Judicial branch

Court of Appeal; High Court

Political parties and leaders

only officially recognized party - National Resistance Movement (NRM), Yoweri MUSEVENI

note: Ugandan People's Congress (UPC), Milton OBOTE; Democratic Party (DP), Paul SSEMOGEERE; and Conservative Party (CP), Joshua S. MAYANJA-NKANGI continue to exist but the new constitution confirms the suspension of political party activity until 2001

Other political or pressure groups

Lord's Resistance Army (LRA); West Nile Bank Front (WNBF)

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGADD, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

Diplomatic representation in US

chief of mission:: Ambassador Stephen Kapimpina KATENTA-APULI
chancery:: 5911 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011
telephone:: [1] (202) 726-7100 through 7102, 0416

FAX

[1] (202) 726-1727

US diplomatic representation

chief of mission:: Ambassador E. Michael SOUTHWICK
embassy:: Parliament Avenue, Kampala
mailing address:: P. O. Box 7007, Kampala
telephone:: [256] (41) 259792, 259793, 259795

FAX

[256] (41) 259794

Flag

six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black, yellow, and red;
a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts a red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing the hoist side

Economy

Uganda has substantial natural resources, | including fertile soils, regular rainfall, and sizable mineral | deposits of copper and cobalt.

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GDP per capita, PPP

$900

(1995 est.)

Real growth rate

7.1%

(1995 est.)industrial production growth: 15% (1994)

Inflation, consumer prices

6.1%

(1995)

Labor force

8.361million

(1993 est.)by occupation: agriculture 86%, industry 4%, services 10% (1980 est.)

GDP composition by sector(1995)

agriculture 55%industry 12%services 33% (1995)

Budget

Revenues

$574 millionExpenditures

$1.07 billion

expenditures including capital expenditures of $328 million (1994/95 est.)

Installed generating capacity, 162,000 kW

Electricity production

603 millionElectricity consumption per capita

30 (1990)

Economic overview

Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, and sizable mineral deposits of copper and cobalt. Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing over 80% of the work force. Coffee is the major export crop and accounts for the bulk of export revenues.

Since 1986 the government - with the support of foreign countries and international agencies - has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing prices of petroleum products, and improving civil service wages.

The policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation and boosting production and export earnings. In 1990-94, the economy turned in a solid performance based on continued investment in the rehabilitation of infrastructure, improved incentives for production and exports, and gradually improving domestic security.

The economy again prospered in 1995 with rapid growth, low inflation, growing foreign investment, a trimmed bureaucracy, and the continued return of exiled Indian-Ugandan entrepreneurs.

GDP

purchasing power parity - $16.8 billion (1995 est.)

Unemployment rate

NA%

Industries

sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles, cement

Agriculture

coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, cassava (tapioca), potatoes, corn, millet, pulses; beef, goat meat, milk, poultry

Exports

$424 million (f.o.b., 1994)

commodities:: coffee 97%, cotton, tea
partners:: US 25%, UK 18%, France 11%, Spain 10%

Imports

$870 million (c.i.f., 1994)

commodities:: petroleum products, machinery, cotton piece goods, metals, transportation equipment, food
partners:: Kenya 25%, UK 14%, Italy 13%

External debt

$3.2 billion (1994)

Economic aid

recipient: ODA, $NA

Currency

1 Ugandan shilling (USh) = 100 cents

Exchange rates

Ugandan shillings (USh) per US$1 - 1,032.6 (November 1995), 979.4 (1994), 1,195.0 (1993), 1,133.8 (1992), 734.0 (1991)

Fiscal year

1 July - 30 June

Transportation

6 fields

Airports by runway lengthpaved left, unpaved right · 21 in all

over 3 047 m

1 524 to 2 437 m

under 914 m

2 438 to 3 047 m

914 to 1 523 m

PavedUnpaved

Networkskm

Highways

30,320Railways

1,241

Highways: paved: 3,480 km · unpaved: 26,840 km (1987 est.) · Railways: narrow gauge: 1,241 km 1.000-m gauge note:: a program to rehabilitate the railroad is underway (1995)