Uganda

Republic of Uganda

republicIndependence 9 October 1962 (from UK)

Uganda as the 1997 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 95 fields, one of 36 editions from 1990 to 2025.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalKampala

Position1 00 N, 32 00 E

Area236,040 sq km

LocationEastern Africa, west of Kenya

Populationas each edition published it

20.6 million July 1997 est. · 17.96m in 1990

Population growth% a year

2.14% 1997 est. · 2.69% in 1993

Median ageyears

Not in this edition 14.7 yrs in 2003

Life expectancyyears at birth

39.69 years 1997 est. · 38.4 yrs in 1993

Fertility ratechildren per woman

6.52 children per woman 1997 est. · 7.4 in 1990

Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births

98.4 deaths per 1,000 live births 1997 est. · 107 in 1990

GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars

$900 1995 est. · $300 in 1993

GDP real growth% a year

7.1% 1995 est. · 4% in 1993

Geography

Eastern Africa, west of Kenya

18 fields

Area

236,040sq km

land: 199,710 sq kmwater: 36,330 sq kmslightly smaller than Oregon

Coastline

0km

(landlocked)Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

Highest point

5,110m

Margherita (Mount Stanley)lowest point: Lake Albert 621 m

Land boundaries

2,698km

border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 765 km, Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km

Climate

tropical;
generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August);
semiarid in northeast

Land use

arable land:: 25%
permanent crops :: 9%
permanent pastures:: 9%
forests and woodland:: 28%
other:: 29% (1993 est.)

Environment - current issues

draining of wetlands for agricultural use;
deforestation;
overgrazing;
soil erosion;
poaching is widespread

Environment - international agreements

party to:: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified :: Desertification, Environmental Modification

People

15 fields

Population

20,604,874

(July 1997 est.)growth rate: 2.14% (1997 est.)

Per 1,000 population(1997 est.)

Birth

45.08Death

20.98Net migration

-2.66

Net migration: note : Uganda is host to refugees from a number of neighboring countries, including Sudan, Rwanda, and Democratic Republic of the Congo, formerly Zaire; probably in excess of 100,000 southern Sudanese fled to Uganda during the past year; many of the 10,000 Rwandans who took refuge in Uganda have returned home

Male · female

TotalMale · femaleLife expectancy years (1997 est.)39.69

39.3 · 40.1

TotalMale · femaleLiteracy (1995 est.)61.8%

73.7% · 50.2%

MaleFemaleLiteracy definition: age 15 and over can read and write

Ethnic groups

Baganda 17%Karamojong 12%Basogo 8%Iteso 8%Langi 6%Rwanda 6%Bagisu 5%Acholi 4%Lugbara 4%Bunyoro 3%Batobo 3%non-African (European, Asian, Arab) 1%other 23%

Religions

Roman Catholic 33%Protestant 33%Muslim 16%indigenous beliefs 18%

Age structure

0-14 years:: 50% (male 5,126,249; female 5,092,583) 15-64 years : 48% (male 4,948,859; female 4,963,718)
65 years and over:: 2% (male 234,351; female 239,114) (July 1997 est.)

Net migration rate

-2.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1997 est.)

note : Uganda is host to refugees from a number of neighboring countries, including Sudan, Rwanda, and Democratic Republic of the Congo, formerly Zaire;

probably in excess of 100,000 southern Sudanese fled to Uganda during the past year; many of the 10,000 Rwandans who took refuge in Uganda have returned home

Sex ratio

at birth:: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years:: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years : 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over:: 0.98 male(s)/female
total population:: 1 male(s)/female (1997 est.)

Infant mortality rate

98.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1997 est.)

Total fertility rate

6.52 children born/woman (1997 est.)

Nationality

noun:: Ugandan(s)
adjective:: Ugandan

Languages

English (official), Luganda, Swahili, Bantu languages, Nilotic languages

Government

Republic; President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power 29 January 1986); President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power 29 January 1986)

20 fields

Presidential electionpercent of vote

74%

Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI 74%Paul Kawanga SSEMOGERERE 24%Muhammad MAYANJA 2%election last held 9 May 1996 (next to be held by 31 May 2001)

Country name

conventional long form:: Republic of Uganda
conventional short form:: Uganda

Data code

Government type

republic

National capital

Kampala

Administrative divisions

39 districts; Apac, Arua, Bundibugyo, Bushenyi, Gulu, Hoima, Iganga, Jinja, Kabale, Kabarole, Kalangala, Kampala, Kamuli, Kapchorwa, Kasese, Kibale, Kiboga, Kisoro, Kitgum, Kotido, Kumi, Lira, Luwero, Masaka, Masindi, Mbale, Mbarara, Moroto, Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono, Nebbi, Ntungamo, Pallisa, Rakai, Rukungiri, Soroti, Tororo

Independence

9 October 1962 (from UK)

National holiday

Independence Day, 9 October (1962)

Constitution

8 October 1995;
adopted by the interim, 284-member Constituent Assembly, charged with debating the draft constitution that had been proposed in May 1993;
the Constituent Assembly was dissolved on promulgation of the constitution in October 1995

Legal system

in 1995, the government restored the legal system to one based on English common law and customary law and reinstituted a normal judicial system;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch

chief of state:: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power 29 January 1986); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
head of government:: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power 29 January 1986); Prime Minister Kintu MUSOKE (since 18 November 1994) note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; the prime minister assists the president in the supervision of the cabinet
cabinet:: Cabinet appointed by the president from among elected legislators
elections:: president elected by popular vote;
election last held 9 May 1996 (next to be held by 31 May 2001);
note - first popular election for president since independence in 1962;
prime minister appointed by the president
election results:: Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI elected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI 74%, Paul Kawanga SSEMOGERERE 24%, Muhammad MAYANJA 2%

Legislative branch

unicameral National Assembly (276 members serve five-year terms; 214 directly elected by universal suffrage, but 62 are nominated by legally established special interest groups and approved by the president - women 39, army 10, disabled 5, youth 5, labor 3)

elections:: elections to the National Assembly (formerly the National Resistance Council) took place on 27 June 1996 (next election to be held in 2001);
election results:: NA; note - election campaigning by party was not permitted

Judicial branch

Court of Appeal; High Court

Political parties and leaders

only one political organization, the National Resistance Movement or NRM [Dr. Samson KISEKKA, chairman] is recognized;
note - this is the party of President MUSEVENI;
the president maintains that the NRM is not a political party, but a movement which claims the loyalty of all Ugandans

note: of the political parties which exist but are prohibited from sponsoring candidates, the most important are the Ugandan People's Congress or UPC [Milton OBOTE], Democratic Party or DP [Paul SSEMOGERERE], and Conservative Party or CP [Joshua S. MAYANJA-NKANGI];

the new constitution confirms the suspension of political party activity until 2000

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGADD, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission:: Ambassador Edith Grace SSEMPALA
chancery:: 5911 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011
telephone:: [1] (202) 726-7100 through 7102, 0416

FAX

[1] (202) 726-1727

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission:: Ambassador E. Michael SOUTHWICK
embassy :: Parliament Avenue, Kampala
mailing address:: P. O. Box 7007, Kampala
telephone:: [256] (41) 259792, 259793, 259795

FAX

[256] (41) 259794

Flag description

six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black, yellow, and red;
a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts a red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing the hoist side

Economy

Uganda has substantial natural resources, | including fertile soils, regular rainfall, and sizable mineral | deposits of copper and cobalt.

22 fields

Real growth rate

7.1%

(1995 est.)industrial production growth: 15% (1994)

Inflation, consumer prices

7.3%

(1996 est.)

Labor force

8.361million

(1993 est.)by occupation: agriculture 86%, industry 4%, services 10% (1980 est.)

Debt - external

$3.4billion

(1995 est.)

GDP - composition by sector(1995)

agriculture 55%industry 12%services 33% (1995)

Budget

Revenues

$766.5 millionExpenditures

$894.3 million

expenditures including capital expenditures of $NA (FY94/95 est.)

Economy - overview

Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, and sizable mineral deposits of copper and cobalt. Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing over 80% of the work force. Coffee is the major export crop and accounts for the bulk of export revenues.

Since 1986 the government - with the support of foreign countries and international agencies - has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing prices of petroleum products, and improving civil service wages.

The policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation and boosting production and export earnings. In 1990-94, the economy turned in a solid performance based on continued investment in the rehabilitation of infrastructure, improved incentives for production and exports, and gradually improving domestic security.

The economy again prospered in 1995 with rapid growth, low inflation, growing foreign investment, a trimmed bureaucracy, and the continued return of exiled Indian-Ugandan entrepreneurs.

GDP

purchasing power parity - $16.8 billion (1995 est.)

GDP - per capita

purchasing power parity - $900 (1995 est.)

Unemployment rate

NA%

Industries

sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles, cement

Electricity - capacity

155,000 kW (1995)

Electricity - production

611 million kWh (1995)

Electricity - consumption per capita

31 kWh (1995 est.)

Agriculture - products

coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, cassava (tapioca), potatoes, corn, millet, pulses; beef, goat meat, milk, poultry

Exports

total value:: $555 million (f.o.b., FY94/95)
commodities :: gold, cotton, coffee, tea, corn, fish
partners:: Spain 23%, France 14%, Germany 14%, Italy 10%, Netherlands 8%

Imports

total value:: $1.18 billion (c.i.f., FY94/95)
commodities:: petroleum products, machinery, metals, transportation equipment, cotton piece goods, food
partners:: Kenya 26%, UK 12%, Japan 8%, Germany 8%, India 5.5%

Economic aid

recipient: ODA, $NA

Currency

1 Ugandan shilling (USh) = 100 cents

Exchange rates

Ugandan shillings (USh) per US$1 - 1,030.3 (December 1996), 1,046.1 (1996), 968.9 (1995), 979.4 (1994), 1,195.0 (1993), 1,133.8 (1992)

Fiscal year

1 July - 30 June

Communications

6 fields

Fixed lines

54,900

(1989 est.)

Telephone system

fair system

domestic:: microwave radio relay and radiotelephone communications stations
international:: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

Radio broadcast stations

AM 10, FM 0, shortwave 0

Radios

2.04 million (1992 est.)

Television broadcast stations

9 (1987 est.)

Televisions

193,000 (1992 est.)

Transportation

8 fields

Airports by runway lengthpaved only

under 914 m

over 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m : 1

Networkskm

Highways

27,000Railways

1,241

Highways: paved: 1,800 km · unpaved: 25,200 km (of which about 4,800 km are all-weather roads) (1990 est.) · Railways: narrow gauge: 1,241 km 1.000-m gauge note : a program to rehabilitate the railroad is underway (1995)