Bolivia

total:

1.44 cu km/yr (13%/7%/81%)

per capita:

157 cu m/yr (2000)

• the clearing of land for agricultural purposes and the international demand for tropical timber are contributing to deforestation;
• soil erosion from overgrazing and poor cultivation methods (including slash-and-burn agriculture);
• desertification;
• loss of biodiversity;
• industrial pollution of water supplies used for drinking and irrigation

party to:

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:

Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation

noun:

Bolivian(s)

adjective:

Bolivian

at birth:

1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:

1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:

0.96 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.79 male(s)/female

total population:

0.98 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

degree of risk:

high

food or waterborne diseases:

bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases:

dengue fever, malaria, and yellow fever

water contact disease:

leptospirosis (2009)

conventional long form:

Plurinational State of Bolivia

conventional short form:

Bolivia

local long form:

Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia

local short form:

Bolivia

name:

La Paz (administrative capital)

geographic coordinates:

16 30 S, 68 09 W

time difference:

UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

note: Sucre (constitutional capital)

chief of state:

• President Juan Evo MORALES Ayma (since 22 January 2006);
• Vice President Alvaro GARCIA Linera (since 22 January 2006);
• note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

head of government:

President Juan Evo MORALES Ayma (since 22 January 2006); Vice President Alvaro GARCIA Linera (since 22 January 2006)

cabinet:

Cabinet appointed by the president; (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)

elections:

• president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a five-year term and are eligible for re-election;
• election last held on 6 December 2009 (next to be held in 2014)

election results:

• Juan Evo MORALES Ayma reelected president;
• percent of vote - Juan Evo MORALES Ayma 64%;
• Manfred REYES VILLA 26%;
• Samuel DORIA MEDINA Arana 6%;
• Rene JOAQUINO 2%;
• other 2%

• Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (judges elected by popular vote from list of candidates pre-selected by Assembly for six-year terms);
• District Courts (one in each department);
• Plurinational Constitutional Tribunal (seven primary or titulares and seven alternate or suplente magistrates elected by popular vote from list of candidates pre-selected by Assembly for six-year terms; to rule on constitutional issues (at least two candidates must be indigenous));
• Plurinational Electoral Organ (seven members elected by the Assembly and the president; one member must be of indigenous origin to six-year terms);
• Agro-Environmental Court (judges elected by popular vote from list of candidates pre-selected by Assembly for six-year terms; to run on agro-environmental issues);
• provincial and local courts (to try minor cases)

• Bolivia-National Convergence or PPB-CN [Manfred REYES VILLA];
• Fearless Movement or MSM [Juan DE GRANADO Cosio];
• Movement Toward Socialism or MAS [Juan Evo MORALES Ayma];
• National Unity or UN [Samuel DORIA MEDINA Arana];
• People or Gente [Roman LOAYZA];
• Social Alliance or AS [Rene JOAQUINO]

• Bolivian Workers Central or COR;
• Federation of Neighborhood Councils of El Alto or FEJUVE;
• Landless Movement or MST;
• National Coordinator for Change or CONALCAM;
• Sole Confederation of Campesino Workers of Bolivia or CSUTCB

other:

• Cocalero groups;
• indigenous organizations (including Confederation of Indigenous Peoples of Eastern Bolivia or CIDOB and National Council of Ayullus and Markas of Quollasuyu or CONAMAQ);
• labor unions (including the Central Bolivian Workers' Union or COB and Cooperative Miners Federation or FENCOMIN)

chief of mission:

Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Freddy BERSATTI Tudela

chancery:

3014 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:

[1] (202) 483-4410

FAX:

[1] (202) 328-3712

consulate(s) general:

Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco

note: as of September 2008, the US has expelled the Bolivian ambassador to the US

chief of mission:

Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires John CREAMER

embassy:

Avenida Arce 2780, Casilla 425, La Paz

mailing address:

P. O. Box 425, La Paz; APO AA 34032

telephone:

[591] (2) 216-8000

FAX:

[591] (2) 216-8111

note: in September 2008, the Bolivian Government expelled the US Ambassador to Bolivia, and the countries have yet to reinstate ambassadors

name:

"Cancion Patriotica" (Patriotic Song)

lyrics/music:

Jose Ignacio de SANJINES/Leopoldo Benedetto VINCENTI

note: adopted 1852

agriculture:

40%

industry:

17%

services:

43% (2006 est.)

lowest 10%:

1%

highest 10%:

45.4% (2007)

general assessment:

• Bolivian National Telecommunications Company (ENTEL) was privatized in 1995 but re-nationalized in 2007;
• the primary trunk system is being expanded and employs digital microwave radio relay;
• some areas are served by fiber-optic cable;
• system operations, reliability, and coverage have steadily improved.

domestic:

• most telephones are concentrated in La Paz, Santa Cruz, and other capital cities;
• mobile-cellular telephone use expanding rapidly and, in 2010, teledensity reached about 75 per 100 persons

international:

country code - 591; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2010)

• large number of radio and television broadcasting stations with private media outlets dominating;
• state-owned and private radio and television stations generally operating freely, although both pro-government and anti-government groups have attacked media outlets in response to their reporting (2010)

• gas 5,330 km;
• liquid petroleum gas 51 km;
• oil 2,510 km;
• refined products 1,627 km (2010)

total:

3,652 km

country comparison to the world: 46

narrow gauge:

3,652 km 1.000-m gauge (2010)

total:

13,602 km (does not include urban roads)

country comparison to the world: 127

paved:

4,990 km

unpaved:

8,612 km (2004)

• Puerto Aguirre (inland port on the Paraguay/Parana waterway at the Bolivia/Brazil border);
• Bolivia has free port privileges in maritime ports in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Paraguay

• 18-49 years of age for 12-month compulsory male and female military service;
• when annual number of volunteers falls short of goal, compulsory recruitment is effected, including conscription of boys as young as 14;
• 15-19 years of age for voluntary premilitary service, provides exemption from further military service (2011)

males age 16-49:

2,472,490

females age 16-49:

2,535,768 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49:

1,762,260

females age 16-49:

2,013,281 (2010 est.)

male:

108,334

female:

104,945 (2010 est.)

• Chile and Peru rebuff Bolivia's reactivated claim to restore the Atacama corridor, ceded to Chile in 1884, but Chile offers instead unrestricted but not sovereign maritime access through Chile for Bolivian natural gas;
• contraband smuggling, human trafficking, and illegal narcotic trafficking are problems in the porous areas of the border with Argentina

• world's third-largest cultivator of coca (after Colombia and Peru) with an estimated 35,000 hectares under cultivation in 2009, an increase of ten percent over 2008;
• third largest producer of cocaine, estimated at 195 metric tons potential pure cocaine in 2009, a 70 percent increase over 2006;
• transit country for Peruvian and Colombian cocaine destined for Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Europe;
• weak border controls;
• some money-laundering activity related to narcotics trade;
• major cocaine consumption (2011)