Cambodia
disputed between the Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (CGDK) led by Prince NORODOM SIHANOUK and the People's Republic of Kampuchea (PRK) led by HENG SAMRINIndependence 9 November 1953 (from France)
Cambodia as the 1990 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 68 fields, one of 36 editions from 1990 to 2025.
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.
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Geography
15 fieldsLand useshare of 181,040 km2
People
14 fieldsPer 1,000 population(1990)
Government
Disputed between the Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (CGDK) led by Prince NORODOM SIHANOUK and the People's Republic of Kampuchea (PRK) led by HENG SAMRIN
14 fieldsLegislature, 123 seatsone dot, one seat
Type
disputed between the Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (CGDK) led by Prince NORODOM SIHANOUK and the People's Republic of Kampuchea (PRK) led by HENG SAMRIN
Administrative divisions
- 18 provinces (khet, singular and plural) and 1 autonomous municipality* (rottatheanei, singular and plural);
- Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Phnum Penh*, Pouthisat, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanokiri, Siemreab-Otdar Meanchey, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev;
- note--there may be a new province of Banteay Meanchey and Siemreab-Otdar Meanchey may have been divided into two provinces named Siemreab and Otdar Meanchey
Executive branch
CGDK--president, prime minister; PRK--chairman of the Council of State, Council of State, chairman of the Council of Ministers, Council of Ministers
Judicial branch
- CGDK--none;
- PRK--Supreme People's Court Chief of State--CGDK--President Prince NORODOM SIHANOUK (since NA July 1982);
- PRK--Chairman of the Council of State HENG SAMRIN (since 27 June 1981);
- Head of Government--CGDK--Prime Minister SON SANN (since NA July 1982);
- PRK--Chairman of the Council of Ministers HUN SEN (since 14 January 1985)
Political parties and leaders
- CGDK--three resistance groups including Democratic Kampuchea (DK, also known as the Khmer Rouge) under Khieu Samphan, Khmer People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF) under Son Sann, and National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia (FUNCINPEC) under Prince Norodom Sihanouk;
- PRK--Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party (KPRP) led by Heng Samrin
Suffrage
- universal at age 18 CGDK--none;
- PRK--National Assembly--last held 1 May 1981;
- in February 1986 the Assembly voted to extend its term for five years (next to be held by March 1990);
- results--KPRP is the only party;
- seats--(123 total) KPRP 123
Member of
ADB, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IRC, ITU, Mekong Committee (inactive), NAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO for CGDK; none for PRK
Diplomatic representation
- none CGDK--red with the yellow silhouette of a stylized three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat in the center;
- Non-Communists--three horizontal bands of blue, red (double width), and blue with a white stylized temple representing Angkor Wat centered on the red band;
- PRK--red with the yellow silhouette of a stylized five-towered temple representing Angkor Wat in the center
Economy
Cambodia is a desperately poor country whose economic development has been stymied by deadly political infighting.
16 fieldsOverview
Cambodia is a desperately poor country whose economic development has been stymied by deadly political infighting. The economy is based on agriculture and related industries. Over the past decade Cambodia has been slowly recovering from its near destruction by war and political upheaval.
It still remains, however, one of the world's poorest countries, with an estimated per capita GDP of about $130. The food situation is precarious; during the 1980s famine has been averted only through international relief. In 1986 the production level of rice, the staple food crop, was able to meet only 80% of domestic needs.
The biggest success of the nation's recovery program has been in new rubber plantings and in fishing. Industry, other than rice processing, is almost nonexistent. Foreign trade is primarily with the USSR and Vietnam. Statistical data on the economy continues to be sparse and unreliable.
Exports
- $32 million (f.o.b., 1988);
- commodities--natural rubber, rice, pepper, wood;
- partners--Vietnam, USSR, Eastern Europe, Japan, India
Imports
- $147 million (c.i.f., 1988);
- commodities--international food aid;
- fuels, consumer goods;
- partners--Vietnam, USSR, Eastern Europe, Japan, India
Agriculture
- mainly subsistence farming except for rubber plantations;
- main crops--rice, rubber, corn;
- food shortages--rice, meat, vegetables, dairy products, sugar, flour
Aid
- US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $719 million;
- Western (non-US) countries (1970-85), $270 million;
- Communist countries (1970-88), $950 million
Communications
6 fieldsNetworkskm
Highways
- 13,351 km total;
- 2,622 km bituminous;
- 7,105 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth;
- 3,624 km unimproved earth;
- some roads in disrepair
Inland waterways
3,700 km navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 meters; 282 km navigable to craft drawing 1.8 meters
Telecommunications
- service barely adequate for government requirements and virtually nonexistent for general public;
- international service limited to Vietnam and other adjacent countries;
- stations--1 AM, no FM, 1 TV
Defense Forces
3 fieldsBranches
- PRK--People's Republic of Kampuchea Armed Forces;
- Communist resistance forces--National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (Khmer Rouge);
- non-Communist resistance forces--Sihanoukist National Army (ANS) and Khmer People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF)
Cite this entry
Central Intelligence Agency. “Cambodia.” The World Factbook 1990. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/cambodia/1990.