Cambodia

• tropical;
• rainy, monsoon season (May to November);
• dry season (December to April);
• little seasonal temperature variation

agricultural land:

32.1%;

• arable land 22.7%;
• permanent crops 0.9%;
• permanent pasture 8.5%

forest:

56.5%

other:

11.4% (2011 est.)

total:

2.18 cu km/yr (4%/2%/94%)

per capita:

159.8 cu m/yr (2006)

• monsoonal rains (June to November);
• flooding;
• occasional droughts

• illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries);
• soil erosion;
• in rural areas, most of the population does not have access to potable water;
• declining fish stocks because of illegal fishing and overfishing

party to:

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:

Law of the Sea

noun:

Cambodian(s)

adjective:

Cambodian

at birth:

1.05 male(s)/female

0-14 years:

1.02 male(s)/female

15-24 years:

0.98 male(s)/female

25-54 years:

0.96 male(s)/female

55-64 years:

0.63 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.6 male(s)/female

total population:

0.94 male(s)/female (2015 est.)

degree of risk:

very high

food or waterborne diseases:

bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases:

dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)

total number:

1,345,269

percentage:

39% (2001 est.)

conventional long form:

Kingdom of Cambodia

conventional short form:

Cambodia

local long form:

Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea (phonetic pronunciation)

local short form:

Kampuchea

former:

Khmer Republic, Democratic Kampuchea, People's Republic of Kampuchea, State of Cambodia

name:

Phnom Penh

geographic coordinates:

11 33 N, 104 55 E

time difference:

UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

• previous 1947;
• latest promulgated 21 September 1993;
• amended 1999, 2008;
• last in 2014 (2015)

chief of state:

King Norodom SIHAMONI (since 29 October 2004)

head of government:

• Prime Minister HUN SEN (since 14 January 1985);
• Permanent Deputy Prime Minister MEN SAM AN (since 25 September 2008);
• Deputy Prime Ministers SAR KHENG (since 3 February 1992), SOK AN, TEA BANH, HOR NAMHONG, NHEK BUNCHHAY (all since 16 July 2004), BIN CHHIN (since 5 September 2007), KEAT CHHON, YIM CHHAI LY (since 24 September 2008), KE KIMYAN (since 12 March 2009)

cabinet:

Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and appointed by the monarch

elections/appointments:

• monarch chosen by the 9-member, Royal Council of the Throne from among all eligible males of royal descent;
• following legislative elections, a member of the majority party or majority coalition named prime minister by the Chairman of the National Assembly and appointed by the monarch

description:

bicameral Parliament of Cambodia consists of the Senate (61 seats; 57 indirectly elected by parliamentarians and commune councils, 2 indirectly elected by the National Assembly, and 2 appointed by the monarch; members serve 6-year terms) and the National Assembly (123 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)

note: two seats will be added to the National Assembly in 2018, for a total of 125

elections:

Senate - last held on 4 February 2012 (next to be held in February 2018); National Assembly - last held on 28 July 2013 (next to be held in July 2018)

election results:

• Senate - percent of vote by party - CPP 77.8%, SRP 22.2%;
• seats by party - CPP 46, SRP 11;
• National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CPP 48.8%, CNRP 44.5%, FUNCINPEC 3.9%, other 2.8%;
• seats by party - CPP 68, CNRP 55

highest court(s):

• Supreme Court (organized into 5- and 9-judge panels and includes a court chief and deputy chief);
• Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members);
• note - in 1997, the Cambodian Government requested UN assistance in establishing trials to prosecute former Khmer Rouge senior leaders for crimes against humanity committed during the 1975-1979 Khmer Rouge regime;
• the Extraordinary Chambers of the Courts in Cambodia were established and began hearings for the first case in 2009

judge selection and term of office:

• Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judge candidates recommended by the Supreme Council of Magistracy, a 9-member body chaired by the monarch and includes other high-level judicial officers;
• judges of both courts appointed by the monarch;
• Supreme Court judge tenure NA;
• Constitutional Court judges appointed for 9-year terms with one-third of the court renewed every 3 years

subordinate courts:

• municipal and provincial courts;
• appellate courts;
• military court

chief of mission:

Ambassador CHUM Bun Rong (since 3 August 2015)

chancery:

4530 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011

telephone:

[1] (202) 726-7742

FAX:

[1] (202) 726-8381

consulate(s) general:

Lowell (MA)

chief of mission:

Ambassador William E. TODD (since 17 April 2012)

mailing address:

Unit 8166, Box P, APO AP 96546

telephone:

[855] (23) 728-000

FAX:

[855] (23) 728-600

• three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band;
• red and blue are traditional Cambodian colors

note: only national flag to incorporate an actual building into its design

name:

"Nokoreach" (Royal Kingdom)

lyrics/music:

CHUON NAT/F. PERRUCHOT and J. JEKYLL

note: adopted 1941, restored 1993; the anthem, based on a Cambodian folk tune, was restored after the defeat of the Communist regime

agriculture:

48.7%

industry:

19.9%

services:

31.5% (2013 est.)

lowest 10%:

2%

highest 10%:

28% (2013 est.)

general assessment:

• adequate fixed-line and/or cellular service in Phnom Penh and other provincial cities;
• mobile-cellular phone systems are widely used in urban areas to bypass deficiencies in the fixed-line network;
• mobile-phone coverage is rapidly expanding in rural areas

domestic:

• fixed-line connections stand at about 4 per 100 persons;
• mobile-cellular usage, aided by competition among service providers, is increasing rapidly and stands at 92 per 100 persons

international:

• country code - 855;
• adequate but expensive landline and cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh and major provincial cities;
• satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) (2011)

• mixture of state-owned, joint public-private, and privately owned broadcast media;
• 9 TV broadcast stations with most operating on multiple channels, including 1 state-operated station broadcasting from multiple locations, 6 stations either jointly operated or privately owned with some broadcasting from several locations, and 2 TV relay stations - one relaying a French TV station and the other relaying a Vietnamese TV station;
• multi-channel cable and satellite systems are available;
• roughly 50 radio broadcast stations - 1 state-owned broadcaster with multiple stations and a large mixture of public and private broadcasters;
• several international broadcasters are available (2009)

total:

642 km

narrow gauge:

642 km 1.000-m gauge

note: under restoration (2014)

country comparison to the world: 102

total:

44,709 km

paved:

3,607 km

unpaved:

41,102 km (2010)

country comparison to the world: 88

major seaport(s):

Sihanoukville (Kampong Saom)

river port(s):

Phnom Penh (Mekong)

males age 16-49:

3,883,724

females age 16-49:

4,003,585 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49:

2,638,167

females age 16-49:

2,965,328 (2010 est.)

male:

151,143

female:

154,542 (2010 est.)

• Cambodia is concerned about Laos' extensive upstream dam construction;
• Cambodia and Thailand dispute sections of boundary;
• in 2011 Thailand and Cambodia resorted to arms in the dispute over the location of the boundary on the precipice surmounted by Preah Vihear Temple ruins, awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962 and part of a UN World Heritage site;
• Cambodia accuses Vietnam of a wide variety of illicit cross-border activities;
• progress on a joint development area with Vietnam is hampered by an unresolved dispute over sovereignty of offshore islands

current situation:

• Cambodia is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking;
• Cambodian men, women, and children migrate to countries within the region and, increasingly, Africa for legitimate work but are subsequently subjected to sex trafficking, domestic servitude, debt bondage, or forced labor, often in the fishing industry;
• poor Cambodian children are subject to forced labor, including domestic servitude and forced begging, in Thailand and Vietnam;
• Cambodian and ethnic Vietnamese women and girls are trafficked from rural areas to urban centers for sexual exploitation;
• Cambodian men are the main exploiters of child prostitutes, but men from other Asian countries, the US, and Europe travel to Cambodia for child sex tourism

tier rating:

• Tier 2 Watch List - Cambodia does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking;
• however, it is making significant efforts to do so;
• in 2013, the government drafted and implemented a pilot program to test a standardized, nationwide system for identifying victims of vulnerable groups;
• authorities prosecuted and convicted fewer trafficking offenders and identified fewer victims than in the previous year;
• corruption continued to impede anti-trafficking endeavors;
• victims were systematically referred to NGO shelters, which provide the majority of services to those in need, but the lack of available long-term care made victims, particularly children, vulnerable to re-trafficking;
• efforts to punish fraudulent labor recruiters declined (2014)

• narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in the government, military, and police;
• limited methamphetamine production;
• vulnerable to money laundering due to its cash-based economy and porous borders