Cambodia

• tropical;
• rainy, monsoon season (May to November);
• dry season (December to April);
• little seasonal temperature variation

total:

4.08 cu km/yr (1%/0%/98%)

per capita:

290 cu m/yr (2000)

• monsoonal rains (June to November);
• flooding;
• occasional droughts

• illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries);
• soil erosion;
• in rural areas, most of the population does not have access to potable water;
• declining fish stocks because of illegal fishing and overfishing

party to:

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:

Law of the Sea

at birth:

1.045 male(s)/female

under 15 years:

1.02 male(s)/female

15-64 years:

0.95 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.6 male(s)/female

total population:

0.96 male(s)/female (2010 est.)

degree of risk:

very high

food or waterborne diseases:

bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases:

dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

noun:

Cambodian(s)

adjective:

Cambodian

conventional long form:

Kingdom of Cambodia

conventional short form:

Cambodia

local long form:

Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea (phonetic pronunciation)

local short form:

Kampuchea

former:

Khmer Republic, Democratic Kampuchea, People's Republic of Kampuchea, State of Cambodia

name:

Phnom Penh

geographic coordinates:

11 33 N, 104 55 E

time difference:

UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

• primarily a civil law mixture of French-influenced codes from the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) period, royal decrees, and acts of the legislature with influences of customary law and remnants of communist legal theory;
• increasing influence of common law;
• accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations

chief of state:

King Norodom SIHAMONI (since 29 October 2004)

head of government:

• Prime Minister HUN SEN (since 14 January 1985) [co-prime minister from 1993 to 1997];
• Permanent Deputy Prime Minister MEN SAM AN (since 25 September 2008);
• Deputy Prime Ministers SAR KHENG (since 3 February 1992);
• SOK AN, TEA BANH, HOR NAMHONG, NHEK BUNCHHAY (since 16 July 2004);
• BIN CHHIN (since 5 September 2007);
• KEAT CHHON, YIM CHHAI LY (since 24 September 2008);
• KE KIMYAN (since 12 March 2009)

cabinet:

Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and appointed by the monarch; (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)

elections:

• the king chosen by a Royal Throne Council from among all eligible males of royal descent;
• following legislative elections, a member of the majority party or majority coalition named prime minister by the Chairman of the National Assembly and appointed by the king

• Cambodian People's Party or CPP [CHEA SIM];
• Human Rights Party or HRP [KHEM SOKHA, also spelled KEM SOKHA];
• National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [KEV PUT REAKSMEI];
• Nationalist Party or NP [CHHIM SEAK LENG] (formerly the NRP);
• Sam Rangsi Party or SRP [SAM RANGSI, also spelled SAM RAINSY]

• Cambodian Freedom Fighters or CFF;
• Partnership for Transparency Fund or PTF (anti-corruption organization);
• Students Movement for Democracy;
• The Committee for Free and Fair Elections or Comfrel

other:

human rights organizations; vendors

chief of mission:

Ambassador HENG HEM

chancery:

4530 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011

telephone:

[1] (202) 726-7742

FAX:

[1] (202) 726-8381

chief of mission:

Ambassador Carol A. RODLEY

embassy:

#1, Street 96, Sangkat Wat Phnom, Khan Daun Penh, Phnom Penh

mailing address:

Box P, APO AP 96546

telephone:

[855] (23) 728-000

FAX:

[855] (23) 728-600

• three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band;
• red and blue are traditional Cambodian colors

note: only national flag to incorporate an actual building in its design

name:

"Nokoreach" (Royal Kingdom)

lyrics/music:

CHUON NAT/F. PERRUCHOT and J. JEKYLL

note: adopted 1941, restored 1993; the anthem, based on a Cambodian folk tune, was restored after the defeat of the Communist regime

agriculture:

67.9%

industry:

12.7%

services:

19.5% (2009 est.)

lowest 10%:

3%

highest 10%:

34.2% (2007)

general assessment:

• adequate fixed-line and/or cellular service in Phnom Penh and other provincial cities;
• mobile-cellular phone systems are widely used in urban areas to bypass deficiencies in the fixed-line network;
• mobile-phone coverage is rapidly expanding in rural areas

domestic:

• fixed-line connections stand at well less than 1 per 100 persons;
• mobile-cellular usage, aided by increasing competition among service providers, is increasing and stands at 40 per 100 persons

international:

• country code - 855;
• adequate but expensive landline and cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh and major provincial cities;
• satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) (2009)

• mixture of state-owned, joint public-private, and privately-owned broadcast media;
• 9 TV broadcast stations with most operating on multiple channels, including 1 state-operated station broadcasting from multiple locations, 6 stations either jointly operated or privately-owned with some broadcasting from several locations, and 2 TV relay stations - one relaying a French television station and the other relaying a Vietnamese television station;
• multi-channel cable and satellite systems are available;
• roughly 50 radio broadcast stations - 1 state-owned broadcaster with multiple stations and a large mixture of public and private broadcasters;
• several international broadcasters are available (2009)

total:

690 km

country comparison to the world: 105

narrow gauge:

690 km 1.000-m gauge

note: under restoration (2010)

total:

38,093 km

country comparison to the world: 91

paved:

2,977 km

unpaved:

35,116 km (2007)

males age 16-49:

3,980,995

females age 16-49:

3,970,244 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49:

2,751,618

females age 16-49:

2,835,807 (2010 est.)

male:

168,519

female:

166,418 (2010 est.)

• Cambodia and Thailand dispute sections of boundary with missing boundary markers and claims of Thai encroachments into Cambodian territory;
• maritime boundary with Vietnam is hampered by unresolved dispute over sovereignty of offshore islands;
• Thailand accuses Cambodia of obstructing inclusion of Thai areas near Preah Vihear temple ruins, awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962, as part of a planned UN World Heritage site

• narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in the government, military, and police;
• limited methamphetamine production;
• vulnerable to money laundering due to its cash-based economy and porous borders