Cambodia

currently administered by the Supreme National Council (SNC), a body set upIndependence 8 November 1949 (from France)

Cambodia as the 1992 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 69 fields, one of 36 editions from 1990 to 2025.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalPhnom Penh

Area181,040 km2

Populationas each edition published it

7.3 million July 1992 · 6.99m in 1990

Population growth% a year

Not in this edition 4.41% in 1993

Median ageyears

Not in this edition 19.2 yrs in 2003

Life expectancyyears at birth

Not in this edition 49.06 yrs in 1993

Fertility ratechildren per woman

4.4 children per woman 1992 · 4.5 in 1990

Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births

121 deaths per 1,000 live births 1992 · 128 in 1990

GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars

Not in this edition $280 in 1993

GDP real growth% a year

Not in this edition 7.5% in 1994

Geography

13 fields

Total area

181,040km2

Comparative area: slightly smaller than Oklahoma

Coastline

443km

Contiguous zone: 24 nmContinental shelf: 200 nmExclusive economic zone: 200 nmTerritorial sea: 12 nm

Land boundaries

2,572km

Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km

Disputes

offshore islands and three sections of the boundary with Vietnam are in dispute; maritime boundary with Vietnam not defined

Climate

tropical;
rainy, monsoon season (May to October);
dry season (December to March);
little seasonal temperature variation

Terrain

mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north

Natural resources

timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential

Land use

arable land 16%;
permanent crops 1%;
meadows and pastures 3%;
forest and woodland 76%;
other 4%;
includes irrigated 1%

Environment

a land of paddies and forests dominated by Mekong River and Tonle Sap

People

14 fields

Population

7,295,706

(July 1992), growth rate 2.1% (1992)

Per 1,000 population(1992)

Birth

37Death

15Net migration

Ethnic divisions

Khmer 90%Chinese 5%other 5%

Literacy

35%

(male 48%, female 22%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

Nationality

noun - Cambodian(s); adjective - Cambodian

Labor force

2.5-3.0 million; agriculture 80% (1988 est.)

Organized labor

Kampuchea Federation of Trade Unions (FSC); under government control

Government

Currently administered by the Supreme National Council (SNC), a body set up

17 fields

currently administered by the Supreme National Council (SNC), a body set up under United Nations' auspices, in preparation for an internationally supervised election in 1993 and including representatives from each of the country's four political factions

Capital

Phnom Penh

Administrative divisions

19 provinces (khet, singular and plural) and 2 autonomous cities* Banteay Meanchey, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Saom City*, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Phnom Phen City*, Pouthisat, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanokiri, Siemreab-Otdar Meanchey, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev

Independence

8 November 1949 (from France)

Constitution

a new constitution will be drafted after the national election in 1993

National holiday

NGC - Independence Day, 17 April (1975); SOC - Liberation Day, 7 January (1979)

Executive branch

a twelve-member Supreme National Council (SNC), chaired by Prince NORODOM SIHANOUK, composed of representatives from each of the four political factions;
faction names and delegation leaders are: State of Cambodia (SOC) - HUN SEN;
Democratic Kampuchea (DK or Khmer Rouge) - KHIEU SAMPHAN;
Khmer People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF) - SON SANN;
National United Front for an Independent, Peaceful, Neutral, and Cooperative Cambodia (FUNCINPEC) - Prince NORODOM RANARIDDH

Legislative branch

pending a national election in 1993, the incumbent SOC faction's National Assembly is the only functioning national legislative body

Judicial branch

pending a national election in 1993, the incumbent SOC faction's Supreme People's Court is the only functioning national judicial body

Leaders

Chief of State:: SNC - Chairman Prince NORODOM SIHANOUK, under United Nations's supervision
Head of Government:: NGC - vacant, formerly held by SON SANN (since July 1982);
will be determined following the national election in 1993;
SOC - Chairman of the Council of Ministers HUN SEN (since 14 January 1985)

Political parties and leaders

Democratic Kampuchea (DK, also known as the Khmer Rouge) under KHIEU SAMPHAN;
Cambodian Pracheachon Party or Cambodian People's Party (CPP) (name changed and HENG SAMRIN replaced in October 1991) under CHEA SIM;
Khmer People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF) under SON SANN;
National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia (FUNCINPEC) under Prince NORODOM RANNARIDH

Suffrage

universal at age 18

Elections

UN-supervised election for a 120-member constituent assembly based on proportional representation within each province will be held nine months after UN-organized voter registration is complete;
the election is not anticipated before April 1993;
the assembly will draft and approve a constitution and then transform itself into a legislature that will create a new Cambodian Government

Member of

AsDB, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, ITU, LORCS, NAM, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation

the Supreme National Council (SNC) represents Cambodia in international organizations - it filled UN seat in September 1991; US: Charles TWINNING is the US representative to Cambodia

Flag

SNC - blue background with white map of Cambodia in middle;
SOC - two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and blue with a gold stylized five-towered temple representing Angkor Wat in the center

Economy

Cambodia is a desperately poor country whose economic development has been | stymied by deadly political infighting.

16 fields

Inflation, consumer prices

53%

(1990 est.)

External debt

$600million

(1989)

Overview

Cambodia is a desperately poor country whose economic development has been stymied by deadly political infighting. The economy is based on agriculture and related industries. Over the past decade Cambodia has been slowly recovering from its near destruction by war and political upheaval.

The food situation remains precarious; during the 1980s famine was averted only through international relief. In 1986 the production level of rice, the staple food crop, was able to meet only 80% of domestic needs. The biggest success of the nation's recovery program has been in new rubber plantings and in fishing.

Industry, other than rice processing, is almost nonexistent. Foreign trade has been primarily with the former USSR and Vietnam, and both trade and foreign aid are being adversely affected by the breakup of the USSR. Statistical data on the economy continue to be sparse and unreliable. Foreign aid from the former USSR and Eastern Europe has virtually stopped.

GDP

exchange rate conversion - $930 million, per capita $130; real growth rate NA (1991 est.)

Unemployment rate

NA%

Budget

revenues $178 million expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA (1991)

Exports

$32 million (f.o.b., 1988)

commodities:: natural rubber, rice, pepper, wood
partners:: Vietnam, USSR, Eastern Europe, Japan, India

Imports

$147 million (c.i.f., 1988)

commodities:: international food aid; fuels, consumer goods, machinery
partners:: Vietnam, USSR, Eastern Europe, Japan, India

Industrial production

growth rate NA%

Electricity

140,000 kW capacity; 200 million kWh produced, 30 kWh per capita (1991)

Industries

rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining

Agriculture

mainly subsistence farming except for rubber plantations;
main crops - rice, rubber, corn;
food shortages - rice, meat, vegetables, dairy products, sugar, flour

Economic aid

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $725 million;
Western (non-US countries) (1970-89), $300 million;
Communist countries (1970-89), $1.8 billion

Currency

riel (plural - riels); 1 riel (CR) = 100 sen

Exchange rates

riels (CR) per US$1 - 714 (May 1992), 500 (December 1991), 560 (1990), 159.00 (1988), 100.00 (1987)

Fiscal year

calendar year

Communications

6 fields

Airports, 16 total, 8 usable

permanent-surface runways

5runways over | 3,659 m

nonerunways 2,440-3,659 m

2runways 1,220-2,439 m

Networkskm

Highways

13,351Railroads

612

Highways: ; 2,622 km bituminous; 7,105 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth; 3,624 km unimproved earth; some roads in disrepair · Railroads: , government owned

Railroads

612 km 1.000-meter gauge, government owned

Highways

13,351 km total;
2,622 km bituminous;
7,105 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth;
3,624 km unimproved earth;
some roads in disrepair

service barely adequate for government requirements and virtually nonexistent for general public;
international service limited to Vietnam and other adjacent countries;
broadcast stations - 1 AM, no FM, 1 TV

Defense Forces

3 fields

Branches

SOC - Cambodian People's Armed Forces (CPAF);
Communist resistance forces - National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (Khmer Rouge);
non-Communist resistance forces - Armee National Kampuchea Independent (ANKI), which is sometimes anglicized as National Army of Independent Cambodia (NAIC), and Khmer People's National Liberation Armed Forces (KPNLAF) - under the Paris peace agreement of October 1991, all four factions are to observe a cease-fire and prepare for UN-supervised cantonment, disarmament, and 70% demobilization before the election, with the fate of the remaining 30% to be determined by the newly elected government - the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) will verify the cease-fire and disarm the combatants

Manpower availability

males 15-49, 1,877,339;
1,032,102 fit for military service;
61,807 reach military age (18) annually

Defense expenditures

exchange rate conversion - $NA, NA% of GDP

Central Intelligence Agency. “Cambodia.” The World Factbook 1992. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/cambodia/1992.

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