Ghana

• tropical;
• warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast;
• hot and humid in southwest;
• hot and dry in north

total:

0.98 cu km/yr (24%/10%/66%)

per capita:

48.82 cu m/yr (2000)

• recurrent drought in north severely affects agricultural activities;
• deforestation;
• overgrazing;
• soil erosion;
• poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations;
• water pollution;
• inadequate supplies of potable water

party to:

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:

Marine Life Conservation

noun:

Ghanaian(s)

adjective:

Ghanaian

at birth:

1.03 male(s)/female

0-14 years:

1.01 male(s)/female

15-24 years:

0.99 male(s)/female

25-54 years:

0.94 male(s)/female

55-64 years:

0.97 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.88 male(s)/female

total population:

0.98 male(s)/female (2014 est.)

total number:

1,806,750

percentage:

34 % (2006 est.)

conventional long form:

Republic of Ghana

conventional short form:

Ghana

former:

Gold Coast

name:

Accra

geographic coordinates:

5 33 N, 0 13 W

time difference:

UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

• several previous;
• latest drafted 31 March 1992, approved and promulgated 28 April 1992, entered into force 7 January 1993;
• amended 1996 (2012)

chief of state:

• President John Dramani MAHAMA (since 24 July 2012);
• Vice President Kwesi Bekoe AMISSAH-ARTHUR (since 6 August 2012);
• note - President MAHAMA assumed office due to the death of former president John Atta MILLS and subsequently won the December 2012 presidential election;
• the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:

President John Dramani MAHAMA (since 24 July 2012); Vice President Kwesi Bekoe AMISSAH-ARTHUR (since 6 August 2012);

cabinet:

Council of Ministers; president nominates members subject to approval by Parliament; (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)

elections:

• president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms (eligible for a second term);
• election last held on 7 December 2012, extended to 8 December because of technical difficulties (next to be held in December 2016)

election results:

John Dramani MAHAMA elected president; percent of vote - John Dramani MAHAMA 50.7%, Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO 47.7%, other 1.6%

highest court(s):

Supreme Court (consists of a chief justice and 12 justices)

judge selection and term of office:

• chief justice appointed by the president in consultation with the Council of State (a small advisory body of prominent citizens) and with the approval of Parliament;
• other justices appointed by the president upon the advice of the Judicial Council (an 18-member independent body of judicial, military and police officials, and presidential nominees) and on the advice of the Council of State;
• justices can retire at age 60, with compulsory retirement at age 70

subordinate courts:

• Court of Appeal;
• High Court;
• Circuit Court;
• District Court;
• regional tribunals

• Christian Aid (water rights)
• Committee for Joint Action or CJA (education reform)
• National Coalition Against the Privatization of Water or CAP (water rights)
• Oxfam (water rights)
• Public Citizen (water rights)
• Students Coalition Against EPA [Kwabena Ososukene OKAI] (education reform)
• Third World Network (education reform)

chief of mission:

Ambassador (vacant); Amma Adamaa Twum AMOAH, Charge d'Affaires (since 11 February 2014)

chancery:

3512 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:

[1] (202) 686-4520

FAX:

[1] (202) 686-4527

consulate(s) general:

New York

chief of mission:

Ambassador Gene A. CRETZ (since 11 September 2012)

embassy:

24 Fourth Circular Rd., Cantonments, Accra

mailing address:

P. O. Box 194, Accra

telephone:

[233] 30-2741-000

FAX:

[233] 30-2741-389

• three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green, with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band;
• red symbolizes the blood shed for independence, yellow represents the country's mineral wealth, while green stands for its forests and natural wealth;
• the black star is said to be the lodestar of African freedom

note: uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band

agriculture:

56%

industry:

15%

services:

29% (2005 est.)

lowest 10%:

2%

highest 10%:

32.8% (2006)

general assessment:

• primarily microwave radio relay;
• wireless local loop has been installed;
• outdated and unreliable fixed-line infrastructure heavily concentrated in Accra

domestic:

competition among multiple mobile-cellular providers has spurred growth with a subscribership of more than 80 per 100 persons and rising

international:

• country code - 233;
• landing point for the SAT-3/WASC, Main One, and GLO-1 fiber-optic submarine cables that provide connectivity to South Africa, Europe, and Asia;
• satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean);
• microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Ghana to its neighbors (2009)

• state-owned TV station, 2 state-owned radio networks;
• several privately owned TV stations and a large number of privately owned radio stations;
• transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are accessible;
• several cable and satellite TV subscription services are obtainable (2007)

total:

947 km

country comparison to the world: 91

narrow gauge:

947 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)

total:

109,515 km

country comparison to the world: 43

paved:

13,787 km

unpaved:

95,728 km (2009)

• 18-26 years of age for voluntary military service, with basic education certificate;
• no conscription;
• must be HIV/AIDS negative (2012)

males age 16-49:

6,268,191

females age 16-49:

6,194,339 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49:

4,136,406

females age 16-49:

4,220,761 (2010 est.)

male:

267,896

female:

260,992 (2010 est.)

• illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade;
• major transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and, to a lesser extent, South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US;
• widespread crime and money laundering problem, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money laundering center;
• significant domestic cocaine and cannabis use