Kenya

total:

2.74 cu km/yr (17%/4%/79%)

per capita:

72.96 cu m/yr (2003)

• water pollution from urban and industrial wastes;
• degradation of water quality from increased use of pesticides and fertilizers;
• water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria;
• deforestation;
• soil erosion;
• desertification;
• poaching

party to:

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:

none of the selected agreements

• the Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa;
• glaciers are found on Mount Kenya, Africa's second highest peak;
• unique physiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of scientific and economic value

noun:

Kenyan(s)

adjective:

Kenyan

at birth:

1.02 male(s)/female

0-14 years:

1.01 male(s)/female

15-24 years:

1 male(s)/female

25-54 years:

1.02 male(s)/female

55-64 years:

0.82 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.79 male(s)/female

total population:

1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)

degree of risk:

high

food or waterborne diseases:

bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

vectorborne disease:

malaria, dengue fever, and Rift Valley fever

water contact disease:

schistosomiasis

animal contact disease:

rabies (2013)

total number:

2,146,058

percentage:

26 % (2000 est.)

conventional long form:

Republic of Kenya

conventional short form:

Kenya

local long form:

Republic of Kenya/Jamhuri ya Kenya

local short form:

Kenya

former:

British East Africa

name:

Nairobi

geographic coordinates:

1 17 S, 36 49 E

time difference:

UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

• Independence Day, 12 December (1963);
• Madaraka Day, 1 June (1963);
• Mashujaa Day, 20 October (2010)

chief of state:

• President Uhuru KENYATTA (since 9 April 2013);
• Deputy President William RUTO (since 9 April 2013);
• note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:

• President Uhuru KENYATTA (since 9 April 2013);
• Deputy President William RUTO (since 9 April 2013);
• note - according to the 2008 power sharing agreement the role of prime minister was created though not well defined, following the new constitution the position was abolished after the March 2013 elections

cabinet:

Cabinet appointed by the president; (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)

elections:

• president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term);
• in addition to receiving a simple majority of votes, the presidential candidate must also win 25% or more of the vote in at least five of Kenya's seven provinces and one area to avoid a runoff;
• election last held on 4 March 2013 (next to be held in 2018);
• vice president appointed by the president;
• note - the new constitution had set elections for August 2011 but elections were delayed to 2013

election results:

President Uhuru KENYATTA elected in first round; percent of vote - Uhuru KENYATTA 50.5%, Raila ODINGA 43.7%, Musalia MUDAVADI 4.0%, other 1.8%

highest court(s):

Supreme Court (consists of chief and deputy chief justices and five judges)

judge selection and term of office:

• chief and deputy chief justices nominated by Judicial Service Commission (JCS) and appointed by president with approval of the National Assembly;
• other judges nominated by the JCS and appointed by president;
• chief justice serves nonrenewable 10-year terms or till age 70 whichever comes first;
• other judges serve till age 70

subordinate courts:

• High Court;
• Court of Appeal;
• courts martial;
• magistrates' courts;
• religious courts

• Kenya African National Union or KANU [Gideon MOI]
• The National Party Alliance or TNA [Uhuru KENYATTA]
• National Rainbow Coalition-Kenya or NARC-Kenya [Martha KARUA]
• Orange Democratic Movement of Kenya or ODM [Raila ODINGA]
• Orange Democratic Movement-Kenya or ODM-K [Kalonzo MUSYOKA]
• Party of National Unity or PNU [Mwai KIBAKI]
• United Democratic Forum Party or UDF [Musalia MUDAVADI]
• United Republican Party or URP [William RUTO]
• Wiper Democratic Movement or WDM [Kalonzo MUSYOKA]

chief of mission:

Ambassador Elkanah ODEMBO Absalom (since 27 July 2010)

chancery:

2249 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:

[1] (202) 387-6101

FAX:

[1] (202) 462-3829

consulate(s) general:

Los Angeles

consulate(s):

New York

chief of mission:

Ambassador Robert F. GODEC (since 16 January 2013)

embassy:

US Embassy, United Nations Avenue, Nairobi; P. O. Box 606 Village Market, Nairobi 00621

mailing address:

Box 21A, Unit 64100, APO AE 09831

telephone:

[254] (20) 363-6000

FAX:

[254] (20) 363-6157

• three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green;
• the red band is edged in white;
• a large Maasai warrior's shield covering crossed spears is superimposed at the center;
• black symbolizes the majority population, red the blood shed in the struggle for freedom, green stands for natural wealth, and white for peace;
• the shield and crossed spears symbolize the defense of freedom

• small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, clothing, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural products, horticulture, oil refining;
• aluminum, steel, lead;
• cement, commercial ship repair, tourism

agriculture:

75%

industry and services:

25% (2007 est.)

lowest 10%:

1.8%

highest 10%:

37.8% (2005)

general assessment:

• inadequate;
• fixed-line telephone system is small and inefficient;
• trunks are primarily microwave radio relay;
• business data commonly transferred by a very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system

domestic:

• sole fixed-line provider, Telkom Kenya, is slated for privatization;
• multiple providers in the mobile-cellular segment of the market fostering a boom in mobile-cellular telephone usage with teledensity reaching 65 per 100 persons in 2011

international:

• country code - 254;
• landing point for the EASSy, TEAMS and SEACOM fiber-optic submarine cable systems;
• satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (2011)

• about a half-dozen privately owned TV stations and a state-owned TV broadcaster that operates 2 channels;
• satellite and cable TV subscription services available;
• state-owned radio broadcaster operates 2 national radio channels and provides regional and local radio services in multiple languages;
• a large number of private radio stations, including provincial stations broadcasting in local languages;
• transmissions of several international broadcasters available (2007)

total:

2,066 km

country comparison to the world: 71

narrow gauge:

2,066 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

total:

160,878 km

country comparison to the world: 30

paved:

11,189 km

unpaved:

149,689 km

note: includes 98.941 km of urban and other roads (2013)

• none specifically, the only significant inland waterway in the country is the part of Lake Victoria within the boundaries of Kenya;
• Kisumu is the main port and has ferry connections to Uganda and Tanzania (2011)

• 18-26 years of age for male and female voluntary service (under 18 with parental consent), with a 9-year obligation (7 years for Kenyan Navy);
• applicants must be Kenyan citizens and provide a national identity card (obtained at age 18) and a school-leaving certificate;
• women serve under the same terms and conditions as men;
• mandatory retirement at age 55 (2012)

males age 16-49:

9,768,140

females age 16-49:

9,466,257 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49:

6,361,268

females age 16-49:

6,106,870 (2010 est.)

male:

422,104

female:

416,927 (2010 est.)

• Kenya served as an important mediator in brokering Sudan's north-south separation in February 2005;
• Kenya provides shelter to almost a quarter million refugees, including Ugandans who flee across the border periodically to seek protection from Lord's Resistance Army rebels;
• Kenya works hard to prevent the clan and militia fighting in Somalia from spreading across the border, which has long been open to nomadic pastoralists;
• the boundary that separates Kenya's and Sudan's sovereignty is unclear in the "Ilemi Triangle," which Kenya has administered since colonial times

refugees (country of origin):

• 34,800 (South Sudan);
• 34,000 (Ethiopia);
• 11,500 (Democratic Republic of Congo);
• 6,000 (Sudan) (2012);
• 474,226 (Somalia) (2013)

IDPs:

at least 300,000 (2007-08 post-election violence; the status of the estimated 300,000 IDPs from the 2007-08 post-election violence who found refuge in host communities rather than camps - and IDPs displaced through natural disasters, drought, development and environmental projects, land disputes, cattle rustling, and inter-communal violence - is not captured in Kenya's national database; in 2012, inter-communal violence displaced approximately 118,000 people and floods displaced an estimated 100,000) (2012)

stateless persons:

• 20,000 (2012);
• note - the stateless population is composed of Nubians, Kenyan Somalis, and coastal Arabs;
• the Nubians are descendants of Sudanese soldiers recruited by the British to fight for them in East Africa more than a century ago;
• they did not receive Kenyan citizenship when the country became independent in 1963;
• only recently have Nubians become a formally recognized tribe and had less trouble obtaining national IDs;
• Galjeel and other Somalis who have lived in Kenya for decades are lumped in with more recent Somali refugees and denied ID cards

current situation:

• Kenya is a source, transit, and destination country for adults and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking;
• Kenyan children are forced to work in domestic service, agriculture, fishing, cattle herding, street vending, begging, and prostitution;
• Kenyan economic migrants to other East African countries, South Sudan, Europe, the US, and the Middle East are at times exploited in domestic servitude, massage parlors or brothels, or forced manual labor;
• children from Burundi, Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda are subjected to forced labor and prostitution in Kenya;
• Somali refugees living in the Dadaab complex may be forced into prostitution or work on tobacco farms

tier rating:

• Tier 2 Watch List - Kenya does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking;
• the government enacted the Counter-Trafficking in Persons Act in October 2012 but has not launched and implemented its national plan of action, convened the Counter-Trafficking in Persons Advisory Committee, taken tangible action against trafficking complicity among law enforcement officials, provided shelter and other protective services for adult victims, monitor the work of overseas labor recruitment agencies, or provide wide-scale anti-trafficking training to its officials;
• efforts to assist and care for child victims remain strong;
• corruption among officials continue to hamper efforts to bring traffickers to justice (2013)

• widespread harvesting of small plots of marijuana;
• transit country for South Asian heroin destined for Europe and North America;
• Indian methaqualone also transits on way to South Africa;
• significant potential for money-laundering activity given the country's status as a regional financial center;
• massive corruption, and relatively high levels of narcotics-associated activities