Merchant marine In 36 editions of 36.

• 75 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 903,179 GRT/1,063,994 DWT;
• includes 5 short-sea passenger, 27 cargo, 2 vehicle carrier, 10 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 5 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 9 liquefied gas, 7 chemical tanker, 9 bulk, 1 specialized tanker

12 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 66,348 GRT/102,825 DWT; includes 11 cargo, 1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker

7 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 11,708 GRT/19,000 DWT

2 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 24,122 GRT/33,509 DWT

4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 41,802 GRT/60,496 DWT; includes 1 passenger cargo, 3 cargo

7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 71,945 GRT/ 90,684 DWT; includes 5 cargo, 1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical tanker

• 144 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,121,534 GRT/1,725,369 DWT;
• includes 5 passenger, 7 short-sea passenger, 2 passenger-cargo, 85 cargo, 3 refrigerated cargo, 13 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 14 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 15 bulk

2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,413 GRT/6,699 DWT; includes 1 cargo and 1 passenger-cargo

• 13 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 69,398 GRT/89,457 DWT;
• includes 9 cargo, 1 roll-on/roll off cargo, 1 livestock carrier, 2 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker

2 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 18,563 GRT/25,330 DWT

4 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 52,016 GRT/66,627 DWT

• 1,563 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 53,053,254 DWT/94,597,871 DWT;
• includes 18 passenger, 1 short-sea passenger, 156 cargo, 47 refrigerated cargo, 15 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 67 vehicle carrier, 74 container, 5 barge carrier, 450 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 104 chemical, 60 combination ore/oil, 44 liquefied gas, 6 specialized tanker, 485 bulk, 1 multifunction large-load carrier, 30 combination bulk;
• note--a flag of convenience registry;
• all ships are foreign owned;
• the top four owning flags are US 19%, Japan 17%, Hong Kong 12%, and Norway 10%;
• China owns at least 28 ships, Bulgaria owns 3, and Poland owns 1

• 30 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 807,539 GRT/1,452,847 DWT;
• includes 3 short-sea passenger, 11 cargo, 4 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 11 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical tanker

• 14 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 59,416 GRT/82,869 DWT;
• includes 9 cargo, 2 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical tanker, 1 liquefied gas

1 cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,290 GRT/1,840 DWT

• 9 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 94,619 GRT/140,345 DWT;
• includes 2 passenger-cargo, 2 cargo, 1 container, 1 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1 liquefied gas, 2 bulk

• 51 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 315,169 GRT/487,490 DWT;
• includes 10 cargo, 2 container, 12 refrigerated cargo, 6 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 3 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 11 chemical tanker, 4 bulk, 3 short-sea passenger

5 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 7,806 GRT/12,873 DWT

• 28 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 420,658 GRT/668,951 DWT;
• includes 18 cargo, 1 refrigerated cargo, 1 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 6 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical tanker, 1 bulk

1 passenger-cargo ship totaling 6,767 GRT/5,600 DWT

3 ships (1,000 GRT and over) totaling 9,263 GRT/15,167 DWT; includes 2 cargo, 1 bulk

1 refrigerated cargo (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,827 GRT/2,170 DWT

3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,913 GRT/9,457 DWT; includes 2 cargo, 1 refrigerated cargo

7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 229,245 GRT/218,929 DWT; includes 6 container, 1 vehicle carrier

5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 42,277 GRT/59,588 DWT; includes 3 cargo, 2 roll-on/roll-off cargo

• 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 20,784 GRT/25,860 DWT;
• includes 2 passenger-cargo, 3 cargo, 1 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker

7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 38,906 GRT/70,483 DWT; includes 4 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 3 multifunction large-load carrier

• 21 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 160,172 GRT/218,970 DWT;
• includes 1 short-sea passenger, 4 cargo, 2 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 2 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 6 chemical tanker, 1 liquefied gas, 5 bulk

1 roll-on/roll-off cargo (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,697 GRT

• 12 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 220,392 GRT/350,131 DWT;
• includes 2 cargo, 3 refrigerated cargo, 2 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 2 liquefied gas, 2 bulk;
• note--a captive subset of the French register

1 refrigerated cargo (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,021 GRT/1,778 DWT; note--operates under the registry of Denmark

• 16 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 53,409 GRT/73,279 DWT;
• includes 8 cargo, 2 refrigerated cargo, 1 container, 2 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical tanker, 1 bulk

• 47 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 339,081 GRT/500,008 DWT;
• includes 38 cargo, 2 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 3 refrigerated cargo, 1 roll-on/roll-off, 3 bulk

• 1,421 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 14,010,317 GRT/21,223,170 DWT;
• includes 24 passenger, 42 short-sea passenger, 19 passenger-cargo, 7 cargo/training, 776 cargo, 11 refrigerated cargo, 70 container, 17 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 2 multifunction barge carrier, 181 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 9 chemical tanker, 250 bulk, 2 liquefied gas, 2 vehicle carrier, 9 combination bulk;
• note--China beneficially owns an additional 183 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling approximately 5,921,000 DWT that operate under Maltese and Liberian registry

• 308 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,087,451 GRT/10,150,460 DWT;
• includes 1 short-sea passenger, 8 passenger-cargo, 100 cargo, 1 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 8 container, 54 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 10 chemical tanker, 9 combination ore/oil, 115 bulk, 2 combination bulk

• 1,019 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 22,396,958 GRT/34,683,035 DWT;
• includes 9 passenger, 55 short-sea passenger, 4 passenger cargo, 95 cargo, 40 container, 33 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 125 refrigerated cargo, 99 vehicle carrier, 231 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 14 chemical tanker, 41 liquefied gas, 11 combination ore/oil, 3 specialized tanker, 257 bulk, 2 combination bulk;
• note--Japan also owns a large flag of convenience fleet, including up to 40% of the total number of ships under Panamanian flag

• 68 ships (1,000 GRT and over) totaling 465,801 GRT/709,442 DWT;
• includes 1 passenger, 1 short-sea passenger, 1 passenger-cargo, 58 cargo, 2 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 4 bulk, 1 combination bulk

• 439 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 7,182,519 GRT/11,906,897 DWT;
• includes 2 short-sea passenger, 138 cargo, 45 container, 11 refrigerated cargo, 11 vehicle carrier, 48 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 10 chemical tanker, 13 liquefied gas, 7 combination ore/oil, 146 bulk, 7 combination bulk, 1 multifunction large-load carrier

17 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 53,131 GRT/85,770 DWT; includes 14 cargo, 1 container, 1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 bulk

29 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 339,855 GRT/500,627 DWT; includes 4 passenger-cargo, 24 cargo, 1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker

• 34 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 364,466 GRT/551,686 DWT;
• includes 18 cargo, 6 refrigerated cargo, 5 container, 2 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 3 bulk

• 86 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 319,477 GRT/497,194 DWT;
• includes 61 cargo, 5 refrigerated cargo, 6 container, 4 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1 multifunction large load carrier, 3 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 6 chemical tanker;
• note--a flag of convenience registry

• 636 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 14,266,066 GRT/23,585,465 DWT;
• includes 42 passenger, 16 short-sea passenger, 190 cargo, 41 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 23 container, 5 car carrier, 1 railroad carrier, 141 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 8 liquefied gas, 15 combination ore/oil, 33 chemical tanker, 1 specialized tanker, 112 bulk, 8 combination bulk;
• note--a flag of convenience registry

2 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,200 GRT/7,338 DWT

• 33 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 372,732 GRT/604,395 DWT;
• includes 1 passenger-cargo, 6 cargo, 7 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 6 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical tanker, 2 specialized tanker, 1 liquefied gas carrier, 9 bulk;
• note--a flag of convenience registry

12 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,831 GRT/4,506 DWT

• 87 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 638,462 GRT/925,380 DWT;
• includes 54 cargo, 9 refrigerated cargo, 2 cargo/training, 12 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical tanker, 3 liquefied gas, 6 bulk;
• note--Cuba beneficially owns an additional 37 ships (1,000 GRT and over) totaling 512,346 DWT under the registry of Panama, Cyprus, and Malta

4 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 23,326 GRT/38,661 DWT

1 cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,129 GRT/6,450 DWT

• 173 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 527,481 GRT/812,095 DWT;
• includes 2 passenger-cargo, 107 cargo, 12 refrigerated cargo, 9 container, 1 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 20 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical tanker, 2 specialized tanker, 1 vehicle carrier, 18 bulk;
• note--a flag of convenience registry;
• the USSR owns one ship under the Honduran flag

• 5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 13,048 GRT/21,412 DWT;
• includes 1 cargo, 1 container, 1 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 bulk

• 54 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 431,958 GRT/441,056 DWT;
• includes 4 passenger, 19 cargo, 8 refrigerated cargo, 6 container, 6 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 7 multifunction large-load carrier, 1 chemical tanker, 1 liquefied gas, 2 bulk;
• note--all but a few are foreign owned, mostly in the Netherlands

2 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,161 GRT/2,500 DWT

• 2,932 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 41,314,623 GRT/66,226,104 DWT;
• includes 22 passenger, 22 short-sea passenger, 5 passenger-cargo, 1,060 cargo, 188 refrigerated cargo, 165 container, 62 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 105 vehicle carrier, 8 livestock carrier, 5 multifunction large-load carrier, 301 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 175 chemical tanker, 27 combination ore/oil, 91 liquefied gas, 8 specialized tanker, 651 bulk, 37 combination bulk;
• note--all but 5 are foreign owned and operated;
• the top 4 foreign owners are Japan 36%, Greece 9%, Hong Kong 9%, and the US 8%;
• (China owns at least 127 ships, Vietnam 10, Yugoslavia 10, Cuba 5, Cyprus 3, and USSR 2)

• 242 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,855,061 GRT/2,919,872 DWT;
• includes 1 passenger, 2 passenger-cargo, 132 cargo, 11 container, 15 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 9 refrigerated cargo, 13 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 4 chemical tanker, 4 liquefied gas, 44 bulk, 6 combination bulk, 1 vehicle carrier;
• note--China owns 3 ships;
• a flag of convenience registry

11 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 52,886 GRT/75,993 DWT

32 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 150,735 GRT/252,237 DWT; includes 26 cargo, 1 container, 1 chemical tanker, 4 bulk

• 69 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,785,066 GRT/2,927,618 DWT;
• includes 12 cargo, 6 roll-on/roll-off, 6 container, 7 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 9 liquefied gas, 3 combination ore/oil, 9 chemical tanker, 11 bulk, 6 combination bulk

• 112 ships (1,000 GRT and over) totaling 1,227,817 GRT/1,860,294 DWT;
• includes 2 short-sea passenger, 33 cargo, 2 container, 1 passenger-cargo training, 6 roll-on/roll-off, 18 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical carrier, 2 railcar carrier, 47 bulk;
• Bulgaria owns 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 51,035 DWT operating under Liberian registry

24 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 363,002 GRT/ 565,813 DWT; includes 15 cargo, 6 bulk

• 281 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,888,064 GRT/7,131,949 DWT;
• includes 13 short-sea passenger, 85 cargo, 15 refrigerated cargo, 35 container, 40 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1 railcar carrier, 37 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 14 chemical tanker, 22 liquefied gas, 4 livestock carrier, 14 bulk, 1 combination bulk;
• note--Denmark has created its own internal register, called the Danish International Ship Register (DIS);
• DIS ships do not have to meet Danish manning regulations, and they amount to a flag of convenience within the Danish register;
• by the end of 1990, 258 of the Danish-flag ships belonged to the DIS

• 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 17,249 GRT/11,887 DWT;
• includes 1 short-sea passenger, 2 cargo, 2 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 2 refrigerated cargo;
• note--a subset of the Danish register

• 83 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 807,020 GRT/831,774 DWT;
• includes 3 passenger, 10 short-sea passenger, 16 cargo, 1 refrigerated cargo, 23 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 14 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 6 chemical tanker, 2 liquefied gas, 8 bulk

• 133 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,141,276 GRT/5,006,695 DWT;
• includes 8 short-sea passenger, 15 cargo, 18 container, 2 multifunction large-load carrier, 29 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 34 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 8 chemical tanker, 6 liquefied gas, 2 specialized tanker, 11 bulk;
• note--France also maintains a captive register for French-owned ships in the Kerguelen Islands (French Southern and Antarctic Lands) and French Polynesia

• 598 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,029,615 GRT/6,391,875 DWT;
• includes 3 passenger, 5 short-sea passenger, 315 cargo, 11 refrigerated cargo, 126 container, 1 multifunction large-load carrier, 33 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 5 railcar carrier, 6 barge carrier, 11 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 27 chemical tanker, 21 liquefied gas tanker, 5 combination ore/oil, 14 combination bulk, 15 bulk;
• note--the German register includes ships of the former East Germany and West Germany;
• during 1991 the fleet is expected to undergo major restructuring as now-surplus ships are sold off

• 30 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,399,594 GRT/2,667,656 DWT;
• includes 6 cargo, 2 refrigerated cargo, 1 container, 10 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical tanker, 1 combination oil/ore, 9 bulk;
• note--a flag of convenience registry

• 958 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 21,585,048 GRT/39,011,361 DWT;
• includes 13 passenger, 63 short-sea passenger, 2 passenger-cargo, 152 cargo, 21 container, 17 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 23 refrigerated cargo, 1 vehicle carrier, 185 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 15 chemical tanker, 10 liquefied gas, 25 combination ore/oil, 5 specialized tanker, 407 bulk, 19 combination bulk;
• note--ethnic Greeks also own large numbers of ships under the registry of Liberia, Panama, Cyprus, and Lebanon

16 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) and 1 bulk totaling 94,393 GRT/131,946 DWT

• 53 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 138,967 GRT/164,628 DWT;
• includes 4 short-sea passenger, 31 cargo, 2 refrigerated cargo, 3 container, 2 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 3 specialized tanker, 2 chemical tanker, 6 bulk

• 73 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,634,471 GRT/2,906,039 DWT;
• includes 8 cargo, 6 container, 6 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 31 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 4 chemical tanker, 2 combination ore/oil, 3 liquefied gas, 13 bulk;
• note--a captive register of the United Kingdom, although not all ships on the register are British-owned

• 575 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 7,462,744 GRT/11,593,730 DWT;
• includes 11 passenger, 44 short-sea passenger, 103 cargo, 5 refrigerated cargo, 23 container, 67 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 7 vehicle carrier, 1 multifunction large-load carrier, 2 livestock carrier, 151 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 37 chemical tanker, 38 liquefied gas, 10 specialized tanker, 14 combination ore/oil, 60 bulk, 2 combination bulk

1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,731 GRT/2,460 DWT

• 415 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,005,791 GRT/8,644,369 DWT;
• includes 3 passenger, 8 short-sea passenger, 160 cargo, 5 container, 2 passenger-cargo, 13 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 3 vehicle carrier, 1 barge carrier, 6 refrigerated cargo, 9 chemical tanker, 8 combination ore/oil, 2 specialized tanker, 1 liquefied gas, 79 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 104 bulk, 11 combination bulk;
• note--a flag of convenience registry;
• China owns 1 ship, USSR owns 7, Cuba owns 7, and Vietnam owns 1

1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,268 GRT/4,959 DWT

• 344 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,722,838 GRT/3,822,230 DWT;
• includes 2 short-sea passenger, 187 cargo, 32 refrigerated cargo, 23 container, 12 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 3 livestock carrier, 12 multifunction large-load carrier, 17 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 29 chemical tanker, 10 liquefied gas, 2 specialized tanker, 3 combination ore/oil, 9 bulk, 3 combination bulk;
• note--many Dutch-owned ships are also registered in the captive Netherlands Antilles register

• 867 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 23,270,845 GRT/41,199,182 DWT;
• includes 11 passenger, 23 short-sea passenger, 121 cargo, 3 passenger-cargo, 24 refrigerated cargo, 14 container, 50 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 18 vehicle carrier, 1 railcar carrier, 186 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 98 chemical tanker, 69 liquefied gas, 1 specialized tanker, 35 combination ore/oil, 204 bulk, 9 combination bulk;
• note--the government has created a captive register, the Norwegian International Ship Register (NIS), as a subset of the Norwegian register;
• ships on the NIS enjoy many benefits of flags of convenience and do not have to be crewed by Norwegians;
• the majority of ships (777) under the Norwegian flag are now registered with the NIS

• 235 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,957,600 GRT/4,163,820 DWT;
• includes 5 short-sea passenger, 92 cargo, 3 refrigerated cargo, 12 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 9 container, 3 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 4 chemical tanker, 107 bulk;
• Poland owns 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) of 6,333 DWT operating under Liberian registry

• 52 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 684,350 GRT/1,190,454 DWT;
• includes 1 short-sea passenger, 20 cargo, 2 refrigerated cargo, 1 container, 1 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 12 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 2 chemical tanker, 2 liquefied gas, 10 bulk, 1 combination bulk;
• note--Portugal has created a captive register on Madeira (MAR) for Portuguese-owned ships that will have the taxation and crewing benefits of a flag of convenience;
• although only one ship currently is known to fly the Portuguese flag on the MAR register, it is likely that a majority of Portuguese flag ships will transfer to this subregister in a few years

• 294 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,767,465 GRT/5,893,700 DWT;
• includes 1 passenger-cargo, 191 cargo, 2 container, 1 rail-car carrier, 11 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 2 livestock carrier, 15 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 69 bulk, 2 combination ore/oil

• 1,565 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 15,243,228 GRT/20,874,488 DWT;
• includes 52 passenger, 898 cargo, 52 container, 11 barge carrier, 4 roll-on/float off cargo, 5 railcar carrier, 114 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 230 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 5 liquefied gas, 17 combination ore/oil, 4 specialized liquid carrier, 13 chemical tanker, 160 bulk;
• note--594 merchant ships are based in Black Sea, 366 in Baltic Sea, 398 in Soviet Far East, and 207 in Barents Sea and White Sea;
• the Soviet Union has been transferring merchant ships to a variety of flags of convenience;
• at the beginning of 1991 the USSR had 64 ships under foreign flags (Cyprus 52, Malta 7, Panama 2, Vanuatu 2, and Honduras 1)

• 304 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,367,529 GRT/5,984,306 DWT;
• includes 2 passenger, 9 short-sea passenger, 105 cargo, 17 refrigerated cargo, 14 container, 29 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 4 vehicle carrier, 50 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 14 chemical tanker, 7 liquefied gas, 1 combination ore/oil, 4 specialized tanker, 48 bulk

• 182 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,226,923 GRT/2,879,057 DWT;
• includes 9 short-sea passenger, 29 cargo, 3 container, 45 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 11 vehicle carrier, 2 railcar carrier, 28 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 27 chemical tanker, 6 specialized tanker, 1 liquefied gas, 8 combination ore/oil, 12 bulk, 1 combination bulk

20 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 258,678 GRT/441,555 DWT; includes 6 cargo, 2 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 3 chemical tanker, 2 specialized tanker, 7 bulk

• 251 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,643,056 GRT/6,214,450 DWT;
• includes 7 passenger, 21 short-sea passenger, 39 cargo, 34 container, 22 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 10 refrigerated cargo, 1 vehicle carrier, 1 railcar carrier, 74 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 4 chemical tanker, 9 liquefied gas, 1 combination ore/oil, 1 specialized tanker, 25 bulk, 2 combination bulk

• 277 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,780,095 GRT/6,031,359 DWT;
• includes 3 passenger, 4 short-sea passenger, 133 cargo, 5 refrigerated cargo, 19 container, 10 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 3 multifunction large-load carrier, 9 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 3 chemical tanker, 2 combination ore/oil, 75 bulk, 11 combination bulk;
• note--Yugoslavia owns 13 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 253,400 GRT/429,613 DWT under the registry of Liberia, Panama, and Cyprus

4 cargo and 2 container (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 114,733 GRT/155,065 DWT

• 1,169 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 19,310,063 GRT/34,338,028 DWT;
• 10 short-sea passenger, 2 passenger-cargo, 435 cargo, 76 refrigerated cargo, 20 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 48 container, 4 multifunction large load carrier, 111 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 2 specialized tanker, 8 liquefied gas, 17 chemical tanker, 30 combination ore/oil, 360 bulk, 2 vehicle carrier, 44 combination bulk;
• note--a flag of convenience registry;
• Cuba owns at least 25 of these ships, USSR owns 52, and Yugoslavia owns 1

• 133 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,634,204 GRT/8,671,769 DWT;
• includes 36 cargo, 6 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 33 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 4 chemical tanker, 3 refrigerated cargo, 49 bulk, 2 combination bulk

• 43 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 944,253 GRT/1,691,368 DWT;
• includes 1 passenger, 1 passenger-cargo, 17 cargo, 1 refrigerated cargo, 3 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 19 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical tanker;
• note--since the 2 August 1990 invasion of Kuwait by Iraqi forces, Iraq has sought to register at least part of its merchant fleet under convenience flags;
• none of the Iraqi flag merchant fleet was trading internationally as of 1 January 1991

• 30 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 516,714 GRT/611,795 DWT;
• includes 7 cargo, 21 container, 2 refrigerated cargo;
• note--Israel also maintains a significant flag of convenience fleet, which is normally at least as large as the Israeli flag fleet;
• the Israeli flag of convenience fleet typically includes all of its POL tankers

2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 22,870 GRT/38,187 DWT; includes 1 bulk, 1 cargo

• 31 ships (1,000 GRT or over), totaling 1,332,159 GRT/2,099,303 DWT;
• includes 1 cargo, 4 livestock carrier, 20 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 5 liquefied gas, 1 bulk;
• note--all Kuwaiti ships greater than 1,000 GRT were outside Kuwaiti waters at the time of the Iraqi invasion;
• many of these ships transferred to the Liberian flag or to the flags of other Persian Gulf states;
• Kuwaiti tankers are currently managed from London and Kuwaiti cargo and container ships are managed from Dubai

• 60 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 257,220 GRT/379,691 DWT;
• includes 39 cargo, 1 refrigerated cargo, 2 vehicle carrier, 2 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1 container, 8 livestock carrier, 1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical tanker, 1 specialized tanker, 3 bulk, 1 combination bulk

1 passenger ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,442 GRT/1,320 DWT

20 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 465,371 GRT/707,089 DWT; includes 12 cargo, 5 container, 3 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker

• 84 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,492,174 GRT/2,436,635 DWT;
• includes 1 passenger, 6 short-sea passenger, 14 cargo, 12 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 3 container, 6 refrigerated cargo, 5 livestock carrier, 26 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 8 chemical tanker, 1 liquefied gas, 1 specialized tanker, 1 bulk

22 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 61,951 GRT/86,552 DWT; includes 18 cargo, 2 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1 vehicle carrier, 1 bulk

• 340 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,583,720 GRT/6,220,642 DWT;
• includes 8 short-sea passenger, 1 passenger-cargo, 190 cargo, 1 container, 4 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 3 refrigerated cargo, 1 livestock carrier, 37 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 9 chemical tanker, 2 liquefied gas, 7 combination ore/oil, 1 specialized tanker, 72 bulk, 4 combination bulk

• 57 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 925,424 GRT/1,543,716 DWT;
• includes 22 cargo, 8 container, 2 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 20 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 5 bulk

3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,309 GRT/6,568 DWT; includes 2 cargo, 1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker

• 84 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,826,756 GRT/6,932,981 DWT;
• includes 3 short-sea passenger, 8 cargo, 7 refrigerated cargo, 4 container, 8 roll-on/roll-off, 26 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 11 liquefied gas, 17 bulk;
• note--a flag of convenience registry

• 75 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 532,062 GRT/727,118 DWT;
• includes 1 passenger, 5 short-sea passenger, 2 passenger-cargo, 13 cargo, 2 railcar carrier, 1 refrigerated cargo, 8 roll-on/roll-off, 1 container, 27 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 6 chemical tanker, 1 specialized tanker, 8 bulk;
• note--does not include ships used exclusively in the Great Lakes

• 64 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 999,423 GRT/1,509,939 DWT;
• includes 4 short-sea passenger, 9 cargo, 2 refrigerated cargo, 2 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 31 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 3 chemical tanker, 7 liquefied gas, 3 bulk, 3 combination bulk

• 404 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling NA GRT/NA DWT);
• includes 3 passenger-cargo, 44 cargo, 23 bulk, 180 tanker, 13 tanker tug-barge, 11 liquefied gas, 130 intermodal;
• in addition there are 231 government-owned vessels

• 77 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,249,926 GRT/3,391,323 DWT;
• includes 2 short-sea passenger, 6 cargo, 6 container, 10 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1 vehicle carrier, 16 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical tanker, 4 liquefied gas, 1 combination ore/oil, 30 bulk

• 6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 34,214 GRT/37,161 DWT;
• includes 2 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 2 container, 1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical tanker

• 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,128 GRT/6,710 DWT;
• includes 1 passenger-cargo, 1 cargo, 1 refrigerated cargo;
• note--a captive subset of the French register

• 23 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,654,871 GRT/3,236,549 DWT;
• includes 2 cargo, 3 container, 7 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 11 bulk carrier;
• note--a flag of convenience registry

3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 31,261 GRT/39,838 DWT; includes 1 passenger-cargo, 2 bulk

• 21 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 204,269 GRT/281,375 DWT;
• includes 5 cargo, 1 container, 4 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1 railcar carrier, 4 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 liquefied gas, 5 bulk

9 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 26,711 GRT/34,682 DWT; includes 5 cargo, 1 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1 combination ore/oil, 2 bulk

3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 24,930 GRT/34,135 DWT; includes 2 container, 1 roll-on/roll-off cargo

6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 35,857 GRT/480,726 DWT; includes 2 cargo, 1 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 2 container, 1 liquefied gas

1 passenger-cargo (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,043 GRT/450 DWT

• 129 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,242,850 GRT/3,447,671 DWT;
• includes 33 cargo, 13 refrigerated cargo, 8 container, 11 vehicle carrier, 1 livestock carrier, 5 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical tanker, 1 liquefied gas, 55 bulk, 1 combination bulk;
• note--a flag of convenience registry;
• the USSR has 2 ships under the Vanuatu flag

• 129 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,663,884 GRT/2,689,645 DWT;
• includes 42 cargo, 7 refrigerated cargo, 6 container, 1 railcar carrier, 47 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 4 chemical tanker, 4 liquefied gas, 18 bulk;
• additionally, 2 naval tankers and 1 military transport are sometimes used commercially

2 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 14,051 GRT/22,155 DWT

• 263 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,898,838 GRT/9,975,272 DWT;
• includes 2 passenger-cargo, 59 cargo, 1 refrigerated cargo, 13 container, 7 roll-on/roll-off, 60 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 15 chemical tanker, 11 liquefied gas, 14 combination ore/oil, 79 bulk, 2 combination bulk;
• additionally, 2 naval tanker and 4 military transport are sometimes used commercially

• 35 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 485,935 GRT/800,969 DWT;
• includes 14 cargo, 1 refrigerated cargo, 3 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 2 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical tanker, 2 liquefied gas, 3 combination ore/oil, 9 bulk;
• note--in addition, 2 naval tanker and 2 military transport are sometimes used commercially

• 35 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 330,316 GRT/484,351 DWT;
• includes 23 cargo, 1 chemical tanker, 3 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 8 bulk;
• note--2 naval tankers are sometimes used commercially

• 47 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 342,411 GRT/495,482 DWT;
• includes 1 passenger, 8 cargo, 17 refrigerated cargo, 2 container, 1 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 16 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 liquefied gas, 1 bulk

• 14 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 18,743 GRT/22,954 DWT;
• includes 12 cargo, 2 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker;
• note--1 naval cargo ship is sometimes used commercially

• 29 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 321,541 GRT/516,859 DWT;
• includes 16 cargo, 1 refrigerated cargo, 1 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 3 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 8 bulk;
• note--in addition, 8 naval tankers and 1 naval cargo are sometimes used commercially

3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,472 GRT/8,914 DWT; includes 2 cargo, 1 container

4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 65,212 GRT/116,613 DWT; includes 2 cargo, 1 container, 1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker

• 58 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 811,650 GRT/1,294,077 DWT;
• includes 1 short-sea passenger, 1 passenger cargo, 22 cargo, 1 container, 2 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 17 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical tanker, 2 liquefied gas, 9 bulk, 1 vehicle carrier, 1 combination bulk

7 liquefied gas carriers (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 348,476 GRT/340,635 DWT

• 60 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 968,226 GRT/1,433,584 DWT;
• includes 3 passenger-cargo, 19 cargo, 2 refrigerated cargo, 3 vehicle carrier, 2 container, 3 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 2 chemical, 1 combination ore/oil, 24 bulk, 1 combination bulk

• 134 ships (1,000 GRT or over), totaling 4,690,770 GRT/8,091,177 DWT;
• includes 1 passenger, 1 short-sea passenger, 16 cargo, 5 refrigerated cargo, 16 container, 1 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 9 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 2 chemical tanker, 6 combination ore/oil, 6 liquefied gas, 71 bulk;
• note--a flag of convenience registry;
• ships registered in Hong Kong fly the UK flag and an estimated 500 Hong Kong-owned ships are registered elsewhere

• 365 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,647,632 GRT/2,481,432 DWT;
• includes 5 short-sea passenger, 13 passenger-cargo, 215 cargo, 7 container, 3 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 2 vehicle carrier, 80 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 3 chemical tanker, 5 liquefied gas, 6 specialized tanker, 1 livestock carrier, 25 bulk

• 157 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,530,756 GRT/2,246,358 DWT;
• includes 1 short-sea passenger, 65 cargo, 22 container, 2 vehicle carrier, 2 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1 livestock carrier, 31 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 3 chemical tanker, 6 liquefied gas, 1 passenger-cargo, 23 bulk

• 569 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 8,429,829 GRT/15,171,692 DWT;
• includes 1 passenger, 9 short-sea passenger, 17 passenger-cargo, 163 cargo, 18 refrigerated cargo, 24 vehicle carrier, 8 livestock carrier, 10 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 8 container, 41 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical tanker, 7 liquefied gas, 3 combination ore/oil, 252 bulk, 7 combination bulk;
• note--many Philippine flag ships are foreign owned and are on the register for the purpose of long-term bare-boat charter back to their original owners who are principally in Japan and Germany

• 435 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 8,259,085 GRT/13,553,438 DWT;
• includes 1 passenger-cargo, 121 cargo, 66 container, 6 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 11 refrigerated cargo, 18 vehicle carrier, 1 livestock carrier, 118 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 5 chemical tanker, 3 combination ore/oil, 1 specialized tanker, 7 liquefied gas, 75 bulk, 2 combination bulk;
• note--many Singapore flag ships are foreign owned

• 226 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,557,167 GRT/9,153,646 DWT;
• includes 1 short-sea passenger, 52 cargo, 17 refrigerated cargo, 75 container, 15 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 3 combination ore/oil, 1 specialized tanker, 62 bulk

• 136 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 521,565 GRT/791,570 DWT;
• includes 2 short-sea passenger, 79 cargo, 9 container, 29 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 9 liquefied gas, 1 chemical tanker, 3 bulk, 3 refrigerated cargo, 1 combination bulk

• 87 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 364,596 GRT/539,174 DWT;
• includes 2 short-sea passenger, 69 cargo, 4 refrigerated cargo, 1 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1 vehicle carrier, 8 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 2 bulk;
• note--Vietnam owns 11 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 106,759 DWT under the registry of Panama and Malta