Togo

republic

Togo as the 1991 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 67 fields, one of 36 editions from 1990 to 2025.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalLome

Area56,790 km2

Populationas each edition published it

3.81 million July 1991 · 3.67m in 1990

Population growth% a year

Not in this edition 3.61% in 1993

Median ageyears

Not in this edition 17.3 yrs in 2003

Life expectancyyears at birth

Not in this edition 56.46 yrs in 1993

Fertility ratechildren per woman

7.1 children per woman 1991 · 7.2 in 1990

Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births

110 deaths per 1,000 live births 1991 · 112 in 1990

GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars

Not in this edition $400 in 1993

GDP real growth% a year

Not in this edition 0% in 1993

Geography

9 fields

Total area

56,790km2

land area: 54,390 km2Comparative area: slightly smaller than West Virginia

Land boundaries

1,647km total

Benin 644 km, Burkina 126 km, Ghana 877 km

Coastline

56 km Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm; Territorial sea: 30 nm

Climate

tropical;
hot, humid in south;
semiarid in north

Terrain

gently rolling savanna in north;
central hills;
southern plateau;
low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes

Land use

arable land 25%;
permanent crops 1%;
meadows and pastures 4%;
forest and woodland 28%;
other 42%;
includes irrigated NEGL%

Environment

hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter;
recent droughts affecting agriculture;
deforestation

People

14 fields

Population

3,810,616

(July 1991), growth rate 3.6% (1991)

Per 1,000 population(1991)

Birth

49Death

13Net migration

Religion

indigenous beliefs about 70%Christian 20%Muslim 10%

Literacy

43%

(male 56%, female 31%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

Nationality

noun--Togolese (sing. and pl.); adjective--Togolese

Ethnic divisions

37 tribes;
largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabye;
under 1% European and Syrian-Lebanese

Language

French, both official and language of commerce; major African languages are Ewe and Mina in the south and Dagomba and Kabye in the north

Labor force

NA;
agriculture 78%, industry 22%;
about 88,600 wage earners, evenly divided between public and private sectors;
50% of population of working age (1985)

Organized labor

one national union, the National Federation of Togolese Workers

Government

Republic

17 fields

National Assembly, 77 seats, elected 4 March 1990one dot, one seat

RPT 77

Administrative divisions

21 circumscriptions (circonscriptions, singular--circonscription);
Amlame (Amou), Aneho (Lacs), Atakpame (Ogou), Badou (Wawa), Bafilo (Assoli), Bassar (Bassari), Dapaong (Tone), Kante (Keran), Klouto (Kloto), Kpagouda (Binah), Lama-Kara (Kozah), Lome (Golfe), Mango (Oti), Niamtougou (Doufelgou), Notse (Haho), Sotouboua, Tabligbo (Yoto), Tchamba, Tchaoudjo, Tsevie (Zio), Vogan (Vo);
note--the 21 units may now be called prefectures (prefectures, singular--prefecture) and reported name changes for individual units are included in parentheses

Independence

27 April 1960 (from UN trusteeship under French administration, formerly French Togo)

Constitution

30 December 1979, effective 13 January 1980

National holiday

Liberation Day (anniversary of coup), 13 January (1967)

Executive branch

president, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Legislative branch

unicameral National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)

Court of Appeal (Cour d'Appel), Supreme Court (Cour Supreme) Chief of State--President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967); Head of Government--interim Prime Minister Kokou KOFFIGOH (since 28 August 1991)

Political parties and leaders

Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) led by President EYADEMA was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991;
more than 10 parties formed as of mid-May, though none yet legally registered;
a national conference to determine transition regime took place 10-20 June 1991

Suffrage

universal adult at age NA President--last held 21 December 1986 (next to be held December 1993); results--Gen. EYADEMA was reelected without opposition; National Assembly--last held 4 March 1990 (next to be held 14 June 1992); results--RPT was the only party; seats--(77 total) RPT 77

Communists

no Communist party

Member of

ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CEAO (observer), ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation

Ambassador Ellom-Kodjo SCHUPPIUS;
Chancery at 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC 20008;
telephone (202) 234-4212 or 4213;
US--Ambassador Harmon E. KIRBY;
Embassy at Rue Pelletier Caventou and Rue Vauban, Lome (mailing address is B. P. 852, Lome);
telephone [228] 21-29-91 through 94 and 21-77-17

Flag

five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow;
there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner;
uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Economy

The economy is heavily dependent on subsistence agriculture, which accounts for about 35% of GDP and provides employment for 78% of the labor force.

16 fields

GDP, purchasing power parity

$1.4billion

per capita $395; real growth rate 3.6% (1989 est.)

Unemployment rate

2.0%

(1987)

External debt

$1.3billion

(1990 est.)

Budget

Revenues

$330 millionExpenditures

$363 million

expenditures, including capital expenditures of $101 million (1990 est.)

Overview

The economy is heavily dependent on subsistence agriculture, which accounts for about 35% of GDP and provides employment for 78% of the labor force. Primary agricultural exports are cocoa, coffee, and cotton, which together account for about 30% of total export earnings. Togo is self-sufficient in basic foodstuffs when harvests are normal.

In the industrial sector phosphate mining is by far the most important activity, with phosphate exports accounting for about 40% of total foreign exchange earnings. Togo serves as a regional commercial and trade center. The government actively encourages foreign investment.

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

- 1.2% (1989)

Exports

$331 million (f.o.b., 1989 est.);
commodities--phosphates, cocoa, coffee, cotton, manufactures, palm kernels;
partners--EC 70%, Africa 9%, US 2%, other 19% (1985)

Imports

$344 million (f.o.b., 1989);
commodities--food, fuels, durable consumer goods, other intermediate goods, capital goods;
partners--EC 61%, US 6%, Africa 4%, Japan 4%, other 25% (1989)

Industrial production

growth rate 4.9% (1987 est.); 6% of GDP

Electricity

179,000 kW capacity; 209 million kWh produced, 60 kWh per capita (1990)

Industries

phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages

Agriculture

cash crops--coffee, cocoa, cotton;
food crops--yams, cassava, corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum;
livestock production not significant;
annual fish catch, 10,000-14,000 tons

Economic aid

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $132 million;
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-88), $1.8 billion;
OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $35 million;
Communist countries (1970-89), $51 million

Currency

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (plural--francs); 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Exchange rates

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1--256.54 (January 1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985)

Fiscal year

calendar year

Communications

8 fields

Merchant marine, 7 ships by typeone square, one ship

roll-on/roll-off cargo 4multifunction large-load carrier 37 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 38,906 GRT/70,483 DWT

Airports, 9 total, 9 usable

permanent-surface runways

2runways over 3,659 m

nonerunways 2,440-3,659 m none with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Networkskm

Highways

6,462Railroads

515

Highways: ; 1,762 km paved; 4,700 km unimproved roads · Railroads: , single track

Railroads

515 km 1.000-meter gauge, single track

Highways

6,462 km total;
1,762 km paved;
4,700 km unimproved roads

fair system based on network of open-wire lines supplemented by radio relay routes;
12,000 telephones;
stations--2 AM, no FM, 3 (2 relays) TV;
earth stations--1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1 SYMPHONIE