Montenegro

agricultural land:

38.2%;

• arable land 12.9%;
• permanent crops 1.2%;
• permanent pasture 24.1%

forest:

40.4%

other:

21.4% (2011 est.)

party to:

Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified:

none of the selected agreements

noun:

Montenegrin(s)

adjective:

Montenegrin

at birth:

1.06 male(s)/female

0-14 years:

0.97 male(s)/female

15-24 years:

0.83 male(s)/female

25-54 years:

1.17 male(s)/female

55-64 years:

1 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.66 male(s)/female

total population:

0.99 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

degree of risk:

intermediate

food or waterborne diseases:

bacterial diarrhea

vectorborne disease:

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (2016)

total number:

8,520

percentage:

10% (2005 est.)

conventional long form:

none

conventional short form:

Montenegro

local long form:

none

local short form:

Crna Gora

former:

People's Republic of Montenegro, Socialist Republic of Montenegro, Republic of Montenegro

etymology:

the country's name locally as well as in most Western European languages means "black mountain" and refers to the dark coniferous forests on Mount Lovcen and the surrounding area

name:

Podgorica; note - Cetinje retains the status of "Old Royal Capital"

geographic coordinates:

42 26 N, 19 16 E

time difference:

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time:

+1 hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

• 23 municipalities (opstine, singular - opstina);
• Andrijevica, Bar, Berane, Bijelo Polje, Budva, Cetinje, Danilovgrad, Gusinje, Herceg Novi, Kolasin, Kotor, Mojkovac, Niksic, Petnijica, Plav, Pljevlja, Pluzine, Podgorica, Rozaje, Savnik, Tivat, Ulcinj, Zabljak

citizenship by birth:

no

citizenship by descent only:

at least one parent must be a citizen of Montenegro

dual citizenship recognized:

no

residency requirement for naturalization:

10 years

chief of state:

President Filip VUJANOVIC (since 6 April 2008)

head of government:

Prime Minister Milo DJUKANOVIC (since 4 December 2012); note - DJUKANOVIC resigns 26 October 2016

cabinet:

Ministers act as cabinet

elections/appointments:

• president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
• election last held on 7 April 2013 (next to be held in 2018);
• prime minister nominated by the president, approved by the Assembly

election results:

Filip VUJANOVIC reelected president; percent of vote - Filip VUJANOVIC (DPS) 51.2%, Miodrag LEKIC (independent) 48.8%%

description:

unicameral Assembly or Skupstina (81 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)

elections:

last held on 16 October 2016 (next to be held by October 2020)

election results:

• percent of vote by party/coalition - DPS 41.4%, DF 20.3%, Key Coalition, 11.1%, DCG 10.0%, SDP 5.2%, SD 3.3%, BS, 3.2%, Albanians Decisively 1.3%, HGI .5%, other 3.7%;
• seats by party/coalition - DPS 36, DF 18, Key Coalition 9, DCG 8, SDP 4, SD 2, BS 2, Albanians Decisively 1, HGI 1

highest court(s):

• Supreme Court or Vrhovni Sud (consists of the court president, deputy president, and 15 judges);
• Constitutional Court or Ustavni Sud (consists of the court president and 7 judges)

judge selection and term of office:

• Supreme Court president proposed by general session of the Supreme Court and elected by the Judicial Council, a 9-member body consisting of judges, lawyers designated by the Assembly, and the minister of judicial affairs;
• Supreme Court president elected for a single renewable, 5-year term;
• other judges elected by the Judicial Council for life;
• Constitutional Court judges - 2 proposed by the president of Montenegro and 5 by the Assembly, and elected by the Assembly;
• court president elected from among the court members;
• court president elected for 3 years, other judges 9 years

subordinate courts:

• Administrative Courts;
• Appellate Court;
• Commercial Courts;
• High Courts;
• basic courts

• Albanians Decisively [Genci NIMANBEGU] (includes FORCA, AA, DUA)
• Albanian Alternative or AA [Nik DJELOSAJ]
• Bosniak Party or BS [Rafet HUSOVIC]
• Croatian Civic Initiative or HGI [Marija VUCINOVIC]
• Democratic Alliance or DEMOS [Miodrag LEKIC]
• Democratic Front or DF [collective leadership] (includes NOVA, PZP, DNP, RP)
• Democratic Montenegro or DCG [Aleksa BECIC]
• Democratic Party of Socialists or DPS [Milo DJUKANOVIC]
• Democratic Union of Albanians or DUA [Mehmet ZENKA]
• Key Coalition [Miodrag LEKIC] (includes DEMOS, SNP, URA]
• Movement for Change or PZP [Nebojsa MEDOJEVIC]
• New Democratic Power or FORCA [Nazif CUNGU]
• New Serb Democracy or NOVA [Andrija MANDIC]
• Social Democratic Party or SDP [Ranko KRIVOKAPIC]
• Social Democrats or SD [Ivan BRAJOVIC]
• Socialist People's Party or SNP [Srdjan MILIC]
• United Reform Action or URA [Zarko RAKCEVIC]
• Workers' Party or RP [Janko VUCINIC]

chief of mission:

Ambassador Srdjan DARMANOVIC (since 30 November 2010)

chancery:

1610 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20009

telephone:

[1] (202) 234-6108

FAX:

[1] (202) 234-6109

consulate(s) general:

New York

chief of mission:

Ambassador Margaret UYEHARA (since 19 February 2015)

embassy:

Dzona Dzeksona 2, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro

mailing address:

use embassy street address

telephone:

[382] (0) 20 410 500

FAX:

[382] (0) 20 241 358

• a red field bordered by a narrow golden-yellow stripe with the Montenegrin coat of arms centered;
• the arms consist of a double-headed golden eagle - symbolizing the unity of church and state - surmounted by a crown;
• the eagle holds a golden scepter in its right claw and a blue orb in its left;
• the breast shield over the eagle shows a golden lion passant on a green field in front of a blue sky;
• the lion is a symbol of episcopal authority and harkens back to the three and a half centuries when Montenegro was ruled as a theocracy

name:

"Oj, svijetla majska zoro" (Oh, Bright Dawn of May)

lyrics/music:

Sekula DRLJEVIC/unknown, arranged by Zarko MIKOVIC

note: adopted 2004; music based on a Montenegrin folk song

agriculture:

5.3%

industry:

17.9%

services:

76.8% (2014 est.)

general assessment:

modern telecommunications system with access to European satellites

domestic:

GSM mobile-cellular service, available through multiple providers with national coverage, is growing

international:

country code - 382; 2 international switches connect the national system (2015)

• state-funded national radio-TV broadcaster operates 2 terrestrial TV networks, 1 satellite TV channel, and 2 radio networks;
• 4 public TV stations and some 20 private TV stations;
• 14 local public radio stations and more than 40 private radio stations (2007)

number of registered air carriers:

1; inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 6

annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers:

526,980

annual freight traffic on registered air carriers:

0 mt-km (2015)

total:

250 km

standard gauge:

250 km 1.435-m gauge (169 km electrified) (2014)

country comparison to the world: 126

total:

7,762 km

paved:

7,141 km

unpaved:

621 km (2010)

country comparison to the world: 142