Tanzania

United Republic of Tanzania

republic

Tanzania as the 1993 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 76 fields, one of 36 editions from 1990 to 2025.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalDar es Salaam

Area945,090 km2

LocationEastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean between Kenya and Mozambique

Populationas each edition published it

27.29 million July 1993 est. · 25.97m in 1990

Population growth% a year

2.56% 1993 est. · 2.85% in 2025

Median ageyears

Not in this edition 17.5 yrs in 2003

Life expectancyyears at birth

44 years 1993 est. · 70.8 yrs in 2025

Fertility ratechildren per woman

6.25 children per woman 1993 est. · 7.1 in 1990

Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births

110.4 deaths per 1,000 live births 1993 est. · 107 in 1990

GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars

$260 1992 est. · $3,700 in 2025

GDP real growth% a year

4.5% 1992 est. · 5.5% in 2025

Geography

Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean between Kenya and Mozambique

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Land useshare of 945,090 km2

arable land 5%permanent crops 1%meadows and pastures 40%forest and woodland 47%other 7%irrigated 1,530 km2 (1989 est.)

Area

945,090km2

land area: 886,040 km2comparative area: slightly larger than twice the size of Californianote: includes the islands of Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar

Coastline

1,424km

exclusive economic zone: 200 nmterritorial sea: 12 nm

Land boundaries

3,402km

total · Burundi 451 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km

Location

Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean between Kenya and Mozambique

Map references

Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World

International disputes

boundary dispute with Malawi in Lake Nyasa;
Tanzania-Zaire-Zambia tripoint in Lake Tanganyika may no longer be indefinite since it is reported that the indefinite section of the Zaire-Zambia boundary has been settled

Climate

varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands

Terrain

plains along coast;
central plateau;
highlands in north, south

Natural resources

hydropower potential, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel

Environment

lack of water and tsetse fly limit agriculture;
recent droughts affected marginal agriculture;
Kilimanjaro is highest point in Africa

People

14 fields

Population

27,286,363

(July 1993 est.)growth rate: 2.56% (1993 est.)

Per 1,000 population(1993 est.)

Birth

45.66Death

19.02Net migration

-1.06

Labor force

732,200wage earners

by occupation: agriculture 90%, industry and commerce 10% (1986 est.)

Literacy

15and over can read and write

age · (1978)total population: 46% male: 62%female: 31%

Infant mortality rate

110.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population:: 44 years
male:: 42.19 years
female:: 45.87 years (1993 est.)

Nationality

noun:: Tanzanian(s)
adjective:: Tanzanian

Ethnic divisions

mainland:: native African 99% (consisting of well over 100 tribes) Asian, European, and Arab 1%
Zanzibar:: NA

Religions

mainland:: Christian 40%, Muslim 33%, indigenous beliefs 25%
Zanzibar:: Muslim

Swahili (official; widely understood and generally used for communication between ethnic groups and is used in primary education), English (official; primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education) note: first language of most people is one of the local languages

Government

Republic

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Names

conventional long form:: United Republic of Tanzania
conventional short form:: Tanzania
former:: United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar

Digraph

Type

republic

Capital

Dar es Salaam note: some government offices have been transferred to Dodoma, which is planned as the new national capital by the end of the 1990s

Administrative divisions

25 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Iringa, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Lindi, Mara, Mbeya, Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pemba North, Pemba South, Pwani, Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Singida, Tabora, Tanga, Zanzibar Central/South, Zanzibar North, Zanzibar Urban/West, Ziwa Magharibi

Independence

26 April 1964 Tanganyika became independent 9 December 1961 (from UN trusteeship under British administration);
Zanzibar became independent 19 December 1963 (from UK);
Tanganyika united with Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar;
renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964

Constitution

15 March 1984 (Zanzibar has its own constitution but remains subject to provisions of the union constitution)

Legal system

based on English common law;
judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

National holiday

Union Day, 26 April (1964)

Political parties and leaders

Chama Chr Mapinduzi (CCM or Revolutionary Party), Ali Hassan MWINYI;
Civic United Front (CUF), James MAPALALA;
National Committee for Constitutional Reform (NCCK), Mabere MARANDO;
Union for Multiparty Democracy (UMD), Abdullah FUNDIKIRA;
Democratic Party (DP), Christopher Mtikila

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Elections

President:: last held 28 October 1990 (next to be held NA October 1995); results - Ali Hassan MWINYI was elected without opposition
National Assembly:: last held 28 October 1990 (next to be held NA October 1995);
results - CCM was the only party;
seats - (241 total, 168 elected) CCM 168

Executive branch

president, first vice president and prime minister of the union, second vice president and president of Zanzibar, Cabinet

Legislative branch

unicameral National Assembly (Bunge)

Judicial branch

Court of Appeal, High Court

Leaders

Chief of State:: President Ali Hassan MWINYI (since 5 November 1985);
First Vice President John MALECELA (since 9 November 1990);
Second Vice President Salmin AMOUR (since 9 November 1990)
Head of Government:: Prime Minister John MALECELA (since 9 November 1990)

Member of

ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, FLS, G-6, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in US

chief of mission:: Ambassador Charles Musama NYIRABU
chancery:: 2139 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone:: (202) 939-6125

US diplomatic representation

chief of mission:: Ambassador Peter Jon DE VOS
embassy:: 36 Laibon Road (off Bagamoyo Road), Dar es Salaam
mailing address:: P. O. Box 9123, Dar es Salaam
telephone:: [255] (51) 66010/13
FAX:: [255] (51) 66701

Flag

divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is blue

Economy

Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world.

18 fields

GDP per capita, PPP

$260

(1992 est.)

Real growth rate

4.5%

(1992 est.)industrial production growth: growth rate 9.3% (1990); accounts for 7% of GDP

Inflation, consumer prices

22%

(1992 est.)

External debt

$6.44billion

(1992)

Budget

Revenues

$495 millionExpenditures

$631 million

expenditures, including capital expenditures of $118 million (FY90)

Overview

Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world. The economy is heavily dependent on agriculture, which accounts for about 58% of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs 90% of the work force. Industry accounts for 8% of GDP and is mainly limited to processing agricultural products and light consumer goods.

The economic recovery program announced in mid-1986 has generated notable increases in agricultural production and financial support for the program by bilateral donors. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's deteriorated economic infrastructure. Growth in 1991-92 featured a pickup in industrial production and a substantial increase in output of minerals led by gold.

National product

GDP - exchange rate conversion - $7.2 billion (1992 est.)

Unemployment rate

NA%

Exports

$422 million (f.o.b., 1991)

commodities:: coffee, cotton, tobacco, tea, cashew nuts, sisal
partners:: FRG, UK, Japan, Netherlands, Kenya, Hong Kong, US

Imports

$1.43 billion (c.i.f., 1991)

commodities:: manufactured goods, machinery and transportation equipment, cotton piece goods, crude oil, foodstuffs
partners:: FRG, UK, US, Japan, Italy, Denmark

Electricity

405,000 kW capacity; 600 million kWh produced, 20 kWh per capita (1991)

Industries

primarily agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine), diamond and gold mining, oil refinery, shoes, cement, textiles, wood products, fertilizer

Agriculture

accounts for over 58% of GDP;
topography and climatic conditions limit cultivated crops to only 5% of land area;
cash crops - coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), cashews, tobacco, cloves (Zanzibar);
food crops - corn, wheat, cassava, bananas, fruits, vegetables;
small numbers of cattle, sheep, and goats;
not self-sufficient in food grain production

Economic aid

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $400 million;
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $9.8 billion;
OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $44 million;
Communist countries (1970-89), $614 million

Currency

1 Tanzanian shilling (TSh) = 100 cents

Exchange rates

Tanzanian shillings (TSh) per US$1 - 325.00 (November 1992), 219.16 (1991), 195.06 (1990), 143.38 (1989), 99.29 (1988), 64.26 (1987)

Fiscal year

1 July-30 June

Communications

8 fields

Merchant marine, 6 ships by typeone square, one ship

passenger-cargo 2cargo 2roll-on/roll-off cargo 1oil tanker 16 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 19,185 GRT/22,916 DWT

Networkskm

Highways

81,900Railroads

3,555

Highways: , 3,600 km paved; 5,600 km gravel or crushed stone; 72,700 km improved and unimproved earth · Railroads: ; 960 km 1.067-meter gauge (including the 962 km Tazara Railroad); 2,595 km 1.000-meter gauge, including 6.4 km double track; 115 km of 1.000-meter gauge planned by end of decade