Tanzania

• plains along coast;
• central plateau;
• highlands in north, south

• the tsetse fly;
• flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season;
• drought

• soil degradation;
• deforestation;
• desertification;
• destruction of coral reefs threatens marine habitats;
• recent droughts affected marginal agriculture

party to:

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:

none of the selected agreements

0-14 years:

44% (male 6,926,149; female 6,967,416)

15-64 years:

53% (male 8,030,141; female 8,437,978)

65 years and over:

3% (male 415,074; female 494,062) (1999 est.)

at birth:

1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:

0.99 male(s)/female

15-64 years:

0.95 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.84 male(s)/female

total population:

0.97 male(s)/female (1999 est.)

noun:

Tanzanian(s)

adjective:

Tanzanian

• mainland--native African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consisting of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European, and Arab);
• Zanzibar--Arab, native African, mixed Arab and native African

conventional long form:

United Republic of Tanzania

conventional short form:

Tanzania

former:

United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar

• 26 April 1964;
• Tanganyika became independent 9 December 1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship);
• Zanzibar became independent 19 December 1963 (from UK);
• Tanganyika united with Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar;
• renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964

• based on English common law;
• judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation;
• has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

chief of state:

• President Benjamin William MKAPA (since 23 November 1995);
• Vice President Omar Ali JUMA (since 23 November 1995);
• note the president is both chief of state and head of government

head of government:

• President Benjamin William MKAPA (since 23 November 1995);
• Vice President Omar Ali JUMA (since 23 November 1995);
• note--the president is both chief of state and head of government

note: Zanzibar elects a president who is head of government for matters internal to Zanzibar; Dr. Salmin AMOUR was elected to that office on 22 October 1995 in a popular election

cabinet:

Cabinet ministers, including the prime minister, are appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly

elections:

• president and vice president elected on the same ballot by popular vote for five-year terms;
• election last held 29 October-19 November 1995 (next to be held NA October 2000);
• prime minister appointed by the president

election results:

percent of vote--Benjamin William MKAPA 62%, MREMA 28%, LIPUMBA 6%, CHEYO 4%

• unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (274 seats--232 elected by popular vote, 37 allocated to women nominated by the president, five to members of the Zanzibar House of Representatives; members serve five-year terms);
• note --in addition to enacting laws that apply to the entire United Republic of Tanzania, the Assembly enacts laws that apply only to the mainland;
• Zanzibar has its own House of Representatives to make laws especially for Zanzibar (the Zanzibar House of Representatives has 50 seats, directly elected by universal suffrage to serve five-year terms)

elections:

last held 29 October-19 November 1995 (next to be held NA October 2000)

election results:

National Assembly: percent of vote by party--NA; seats by party--CCM 186, CUF 24, NCCR-Mageuzi 16, CHADEMA 3, UDP 3;

chief of mission:

Ambassador Mustafa Salim NYANG'ANYI

chancery:

2139 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

chief of mission:

Ambassador Charles R. STITH

embassy:

285 Toure Drive, Dar es Salaam (temporary location)

mailing address:

P. O. Box 9123, Dar es Salaam

lowest 10%:

2.9%

highest 10%:

30.2% (1993)

total:

88,200 km

paved:

3,704 km

unpaved:

84,496 km (1996 est.)