Tanzania

• plains along coast;
• central plateau;
• highlands in north, south

agricultural land:

43.7%;

• arable land 14.3%;
• permanent crops 2.3%;
• permanent pasture 27.1%

forest:

37.3%

other:

19% (2011 est.)

total:

5.18 cu km/yr (10%/0%/89%)

per capita:

144.7 cu m/yr (2002)

• soil degradation;
• deforestation;
• desertification;
• destruction of coral reefs threatens marine habitats;
• recent droughts affected marginal agriculture;
• wildlife threatened by illegal hunting and trade, especially for ivory

party to:

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:

none of the selected agreements

• Kilimanjaro is the highest point in Africa and one of only two mountains on the continent that has glaciers (the other is Mount Kenya);
• bordered by three of the largest lakes on the continent: Lake Victoria (the world's second-largest freshwater lake) in the north, Lake Tanganyika (the world's second deepest) in the west, and Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) in the southwest

noun:

Tanzanian(s)

adjective:

Tanzanian

• mainland - African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consisting of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European, and Arab);
• Zanzibar - Arab, African, mixed Arab and African

at birth:

1.03 male(s)/female

0-14 years:

1.02 male(s)/female

15-24 years:

1 male(s)/female

25-54 years:

1.01 male(s)/female

55-64 years:

0.76 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.75 male(s)/female

total population:

0.99 male(s)/female (2015 est.)

degree of risk:

very high

food or waterborne diseases:

bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases:

malaria, dengue fever, and Rift Valley fever

water contact diseases:

schistosomiasis and leptospirosis

animal contact disease:

rabies (2013)

total number:

2,815,085

percentage:

21%

note: data represents children ages 5-17 and does not in (2006 est.)

conventional long form:

United Republic of Tanzania

conventional short form:

Tanzania

local long form:

Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania

local short form:

Tanzania

former:

United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar

name:

• Dodoma;
• note - officially changed in 1996;
• serves as the meeting place for the National Assembly;
• the excutive branch offices and diplomatic representation remain in Dar es Salaam, the largest city and commercial capital

geographic coordinates:

6 48 S, 39 17 E

time difference:

UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

• 26 April 1964;
• Tanganyika became independent on 9 December 1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship);
• Zanzibar became independent on 10 December 1963 (from UK);
• Tanganyika united with Zanzibar on 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar;
• renamed United Republic of Tanzania on 29 October 1964

• several previous;
• latest adopted 25 April 1977;
• amended many times, last in 2012;
• note - a 640-member Constituent Assembly, formed in early 2014, passed a new constitution draft in October;
• final passage dependent upon outcome of national referendum expected in 2015 (2015)

chief of state:

• President Jakaya KIKWETE (since 21 December 2005);
• Vice President Mohammed Gharib BILAL (since 6 November 2010);
• note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

head of government:

President Jakaya KIKWETE (since 21 December 2005); Vice President Mohammed Gharib BILAL (since 6 November 2010)

cabinet:

Cabinet appointed by the president from among members of the National Assembly

elections/appointments:

• president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by simple majority popular vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
• election last held on 31 October 2010 (next to be held on 25 October 2015);
• prime minister appointed by the president

election results:

Jakaya KIKWETE elected president; percent of vote - Jakaya KIKWETE (CCM) 61.2%, Willibrod SLAA (CHADEMA) 26.3%, Ibrahim LIPUMBA (CUF) 8.1%, other 4.4%

note: Zanzibar elects a president as head of government for matters internal to Zanzibar; Ali Mohamed SHEIN (CCM) elected Zanzibar president on 31 October 2010, sworn in 3 November 2010

description:

• unicameral National Assembly or Parliament (Bunge) (357 seats; 239 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 102 women directly elected by proportional representation vote, 5 indirectly elected by simple majority vote by the Zanzibar House of Representatives, 10 appointed by the president, and 1 seat reserved for the attorney general; members serve 5-year terms);
• note - in addition to enacting laws that apply to the entire United Republic of Tanzania, the National Assembly enacts laws that apply only to the mainland;
• Zanzibar has its own House of Representatives or Baraza La Wawakilishi (81 seats; 50 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 15 women directly elected by proportional representation vote, 10 appointed by the Zanzibar president, 5 seats reserved for government appointed regional commissioners, and 1 seat for the attorney general; elected members serve 5-year terms)

elections:

last held on 31 October 2010 (next to be held in 2015)

election results:

• National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA;
• seats by party - CCM 259, CHADEMA 48, CUF 34, NCCR-M 4, other 7, Zanzibar representatives 5;
• Zanzibar House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA;
• seats by party - CCM 28, CUF 22

highest court(s):

• Court of Appeal of the United Republic of Tanzania (consists of the chief justice and 14 justices);
• High Court of the United Republic for Mainland Tanzania (consists of the principal judge and 30 judges organized into commercial, land, and labor courts);
• High Court of Zanzibar (consists of the chief justice and NA judges)

judge selection and term of office:

• Court of Appeal and High Court justices appointed by the national president after consultation with the Judicial Service Commission for Tanzania, a judicial body of high level judges and 2 members appointed by the national president;
• Court of Appeal and High Court judges appointed until mandatory retirement at age 60 but can be extended;
• High Court of Zanzibar judges appointed by the national president after consultation with the Judicial Commission of Zanzibar;
• judge tenure NA

subordinate courts:

• Resident Magistrates Courts;
• Kadhi courts (for Islamic family matters);
• district and primary courts

• Alliance for Chance and Transparency or ACT [Samson MWIGAMBA]
• Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Party of Democracy and Development) or CHADEMA [Willibrod SLAA]
• Chama Cha Mapinduzi or CCM (Revolutionary Party) [Jakaya Mrisho KIKWETE]
• Civic United Front or CUF [Ibrahim LIPUMBA]
• Democratic Party or DP [Christopher MTIKLA] (unregistered)
• National Convention for Construction and Reform - Mageuzi or NCCR-M [Hashim RUNGWE]
• Tanzania Labor Party or TLP [Mutamwega MUGAHWYA]
• United Democratic Party or UDP [Fahma DOVUTWA]

Note: in March 2014, three opposition parties (CUF, CHADEMA, and NCCR-Mageusi) united to form Umoja wa Katiba ya Wananchi (Coalition for the People's Constituion) or UKAWA;

during local elections held in October, 2014, UKAWA entered one candidate representing the three parties united in the coalition

• Economic and Social Research Foundation or ESRF
• Free Zanzibar
• Tanzania Media Women's Association or TAMWA
• Tanzaina Private Sector Foundation or TPSF
• Twaweza

chief of mission:

Ambassador Liberata Rutageruka MULAMULA (since 17 July 2013)

chancery:

1232 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20037

telephone:

[1] (202) 939-6125

FAX:

[1] (202) 797-7408

chief of mission:

Ambassador Mark Bradley CHILDRESS (since 22 May 2014)

embassy:

686 Old Bagamoyo Road, Msasani, Dar es Salaam

mailing address:

P. O. Box 9123, Dar es Salaam P. O. Box 9123, Dar es Salaam

telephone:

[255] (22) 229-4000

FAX:

[255] (22) 229-4970 or 4971

• divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower hoist-side corner;
• the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is blue;
• the banner combines colors found on the flags of Tanganyika and Zanzibar;
• green represents the natural vegetation of the country, gold its rich mineral deposits, black the native Swahili people, and blue the country's many lakes and rivers, as well as the Indian Ocean

name:

"Mungu ibariki Afrika" (God Bless Africa)

lyrics/music:

collective/Enoch Mankayi SONTONGA

note: adopted 1961; the anthem, which is also a popular song in Africa, shares the same melody with that of Zambia, but has different lyrics; the melody is also incorporated into South Africa's anthem

• agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine);
• mining (diamonds, gold, and iron), salt, soda ash;
• cement, oil refining, shoes, apparel, wood products, fertilizer

agriculture:

80%

industry and services:

20% (2002 est.)

lowest 10%:

2.8%

highest 10%:

29.6% (2007)

general assessment:

• telecommunications services are marginal;
• system operating below capacity and being modernized for better service;
• small aperture terminal (VSAT) system under construction

domestic:

• fixed-line telephone network inadequate with less than 1 connection per 100 persons;
• mobile-cellular service, aided by multiple providers, is increasing rapidly and in 2011 exceeded a subscriber base of 50 telephones per 100 persons;
• trunk service provided by open-wire, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and fiber-optic cable;
• some links being made digital

international:

• country code - 255;
• landing point for the EASSy fiber-optic submarine cable system linking East Africa with Europe and North America;
• satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean, 1 Atlantic Ocean) (2010)

• a state-owned TV station and multiple privately owned TV stations;
• state-owned national radio station supplemented by more than 40 privately owned radio stations;
• transmissions of several international broadcasters are available (2007)

total:

4,567 km

narrow gauge:

1,860 km 1.067-m gauge; 2,707 km 1.000-m gauge (2014)

country comparison to the world: 47

total:

86,472 km

paved:

7,092 km

unpaved:

79,380 km (2010)

country comparison to the world: 53

total:

94

by type:

bulk carrier 6, cargo 66, carrier 4, chemical tanker 1, container 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 10, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 3

foreign-owned:

42 (Japan 1, Romania 1, Saudi Arabia 1, Syria 23, Turkey 13, UAE 3)

registered in other countries:

3 (Panama 2, UK 1) (2010)

country comparison to the world: 52

• the International Maritime Bureau reports that shipping in territorial and offshore waters in the Indian Ocean remain at risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships, especially as Somali-based pirates extend their activities south;
• numerous commercial vessels have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway;
• crews have been robbed and stores or cargoes stolen

males age 16-49:

5,860,339

females age 16-49:

5,882,279 (2010 est.)

male:

512,294

female:

514,164 (2010 est.)

• dispute with Tanzania over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and the meandering Songwe River;
• Malawi contends that the entire lake up to the Tanzanian shoreline is its territory, while Tanzania claims the border is in the center of the lake;
• the conflict was reignited in 2012 when Malawi awarded a license to a British company for oil exploration in the lake

current situation:

• Tanzania is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking;
• the exploitation of young girls in domestic servitude continues to be Tanzania's largest human trafficking problem;
• Tanzanian boys are subject to forced labor mainly on farms but also in mines, in the commercial service sector, in the sex trade, and possibly on small fishing boats;
• internal trafficking is more prevalent than transnational trafficking and is usually facilitated by friends, family members, or intermediaries offering education or legitimate job opportunities;
• trafficking victims from Burundi, Kenya, Bangladesh, Nepal, Yemen, and India are to work in Tanzania's agricultural, mining, and domestic service sectors or may be sex trafficked

tier rating:

• Tier 2 Watch List - Tanzania does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking;
• however, it is making significant efforts to do so;
• law enforcement made modest anti-trafficking efforts but imposed punishments on offenders that were inadequate for the seriousness of the crimes committed;
• key victim protection provisions of the 2008 anti-trafficking act remain unimplemented;
• the government continues to refer child trafficking victims to NGOs for care but has no procedure for the referral of adult victims;
• the national anti-trafficking action plan has not been implemented;
• no public awareness campaigns about the dangers of trafficking are conducted (2013)

• targeted by traffickers moving hashish, Afghan heroin, and South American cocaine transported down the East African coastline, through airports, or overland through Central Africa;
• Zanzibar likely used by traffickers for drug smuggling;
• traffickers in the past have recruited Tanzanian couriers to move drugs through Iran into East Asia