Andorra
parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains as its headsIndependence 1278
Andorra as the 1994 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 96 fields, one of 36 editions from 1990 to 2025.
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Geography
Southwestern Europe, between France and Spain
22 fieldstotal area
450 sq km
land area
450 sq km
comparative area
slightly more than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
arable land
2%
permanent crops
0%
meadows and pastures
56%
forest and woodland
22%
other
20%
current issues
- deforestation;
- overgrazing;
- soil erosion
natural hazards
NA
international agreements
NA
People
19 fieldsPer 1,000 population(1994 est.)
total population
78.37 years
male
75.5 years
female
81.5 years (1994 est.)
noun
Andorran(s)
adjective
Andorran
total population
NA%
male
NA%
female
NA%
Government
Parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains as its heads
25 fieldsconventional long form
Principality of Andorra
conventional short form
Andorra
local long form
Principat d'Andorra
local short form
Andorra
Type
- parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains as its heads of state a co-principality;
- the two princes are the president of France and Spanish bishop of Seo de Urgel, who are represented locally by officials called veguers
Administrative divisions
7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra, Canillo, Encamp, La Massana, Les Escaldes, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria
Legal system
- based on French and Spanish civil codes;
- no judicial review of legislative acts;
- has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
chiefs of state
French Co-Prince Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981), represented by Veguer de Franca Jean Pierre COURTOIS (since NA); Spanish Episcopal Co-Prince Mgr. Juan MARTI Alanis (since 31 January 1971), represented by Veguer Episcopal Francesc BADIA Bata - two co-princes (President Francois MITTERRAND of France, since 21 May 1981, and Bishop of Seo de Urgel Juan MARTI Alanis in Spain, since 31 January 1971), two designated representatives (France - Veguer de Franca Jean Pierre COURTOIS, since NA, and Spain - Veguer Episcopal Francesc BADIA Bata, since NA), two permanent delegates (French Prefect Pierre STEINMETZ for the department of Pyrenees-Orientales, since NA, and Spanish Vicar General Nemesi MARQUES Oste for the Seo de Urgel diocese, since NA)
head of government
Executive Council President Oscar RIBAS Reig (since 10 December 1993) elected by Parliament
cabinet
Executive Council; designated by the executive council president
General Council of the Valleys
- (Consell General de las Valls);
- elections last held 12 December 1993 (next to be held NA);
- yielded no clear winner;
- results - percent of vote by party NA;
- seats - (28 total) number of seats by party NA
Judicial branch
Supreme Court of Andorra at Perpignan (France) for civil cases, the Ecclesiastical Court of the bishop of Seo de Urgel (Spain) for civil cases, Tribunal of the Courts (Tribunal des Cortes) for criminal cases
Political parties and leaders
- National Democratic Group (AND), Oscar RIBAS Reig and Jordi FARRAS;
- Liberal Union (UL), Francesc CERQUEDA;
- New Democracy (ND), Jaume BARTOMEU;
- Andorran National Coalition (CNA), Antoni CERQUEDA;
- National Democratic Initiative (IDN), Vincenc MATEU;
- Liberal Union (UL), Francesc CERQUEDA
note
there are two other small parties
US diplomatic representation
Andorra is included within the Barcelona (Spain) Consular District, and the US Consul General visits Andorra periodically
Flag
- three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band;
- the coat of arms features a quartered shield;
- similar to the flags of Chad and Romania that do not have a national coat of arms in the center
Economy
Tourism, the mainstay of Andorra's economy, accounts for roughly 80% | of GDP. An estimated 13 million tourists visit annually, attracted by | Andorra's duty-free status and by its summer and winter resorts.
25 fieldsOverview
Tourism, the mainstay of Andorra's economy, accounts for roughly 80% of GDP. An estimated 13 million tourists visit annually, attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by its summer and winter resorts. The banking sector, with its "tax haven" status, also contributes substantially to the economy.
Agricultural production is limited by a scarcity of arable land, and most food has to be imported. The principal livestock activity is sheep raising. Manufacturing consists mainly of cigarettes, cigars, and furniture. Andorra is a member of the EU Customs Union; it is unclear what effect the European Single Market will have on the advantages Andorra obtains from its duty-free status.
revenues
$138 million
expenditures
$177 million, Including capital expenditures of $NA (1993)
commodities
electricity, tobacco products, furniture
partners
France, Spain
commodities
consumer goods, food
partners
France, Spain
capacity
35,000 kW
production
140 million kWh
consumption per capita
2,570 kWh (1992)
Agriculture
sheep raising; small quantities of tobacco, rye, wheat, barley, oats, and some vegetables
Currency
- 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes;
- 1 peseta (Pta) = 100 centimos;
- the French and Spanish currencies are used
Exchange rates
- French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.9205 (January 1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989);
- Spanish pesetas (Ptas) per US$1 - 143.04 (January 1994), 127.26 (1993), 102.38 (1992), 103.91 (1991), 101.93 (1990), 118.38 (1989)
Communications
4 fieldstotal
96 km
paved
NA
unpaved
NA
Telecommunications
- international digital microwave network;
- international landline circuits to France and Spain;
- broadcast stations - 1 AM, no FM, no TV;
- 17,700 telephones
Defense Forces
1 fieldCite this entry
Central Intelligence Agency. “Andorra.” The World Factbook 1994. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/andorra/1994.