Andorra

• deforestation;
• overgrazing of mountain meadows contributes to soil erosion;
• air pollution;
• wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal

party to:

Biodiversity, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:

none of the selected agreements

noun:

Andorran(s)

adjective:

Andorran

0-14 years:

14.06% (male 6,197 /female 5,856)

15-24 years:

9.78% (male 4,344 /female 4,035)

25-54 years:

45.27% (male 19,813 /female 18,990)

55-64 years:

14.71% (male 6,674 /female 5,935)

65 years and over:

16.18% (male 7,047 /female 6,817) (2018 est.)

total:

44.9 years (2018 est.)

male:

45.1 years

female:

44.8 years

at birth:

1.06 male(s)/female

0-14 years:

1.06 male(s)/female

15-24 years:

1.08 male(s)/female

25-54 years:

1.04 male(s)/female

55-64 years:

1.12 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

1.03 male(s)/female

total population:

1.06 male(s)/female (2018 est.)

total:

3.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

male:

3.6 deaths/1,000 live births

female:

3.5 deaths/1,000 live births

total population:

82.9 years (2018 est.)

male:

80.7 years

female:

85.3 years

conventional long form:

Principality of Andorra

conventional short form:

Andorra

local long form:

Principat d'Andorra

local short form:

Andorra

etymology:

• the origin of the country's name is obscure;
• the name may derive from the Arabic "ad-darra" meaning "the forest," a reference to its location as part of the Spanish March (defensive buffer zone) against the invading Moors in the 8th century

• parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains its chiefs of state in the form of a co-principality;
• the two princes are the President of France and Bishop of Seu d'Urgell, Spain

name:

Andorra la Vella

geographic coordinates:

42 30 N, 1 31 E

time difference:

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

daylight saving time:

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology:

translates as "Andorra the Old" in Catalan

history:

drafted 1991, approved by referendum 14 March 1993, effective 28 April 1993

amendments:

• proposed by the coprinces jointly or by the General Council;
• passage requires at least a two-thirds majority vote by the General Council, ratification in a referendum, and sanctioning by the coprinces (2019)

citizenship by birth:

no

citizenship by descent only:

the mother must be an Andorran citizen or the father must have been born in Andorra and both parents maintain permanent residence in Andorra

dual citizenship recognized:

no

residency requirement for naturalization:

25 years

chief of state:

• Co-prince Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017);
• represented by Patrick STROZDA (since 14 May 2017);
• and Co-prince Archbishop Joan-Enric VIVES i Sicilia (since 12 May 2003);
• represented by Josep Maria MAURI (since 20 July 2012)

head of government:

Head of Government (or Cap de Govern) Xaviar Espot ZAMORA (since 16 May 2019)

cabinet:

Executive Council of 12 ministers designated by the head of government

elections/appointments:

• head of government indirectly elected by the General Council (Andorran parliament), formally appointed by the coprinces for a 4-year term;
• election last held on 7 April 2019 (next to be held in April 2023);
• the leader of the majority party in the General Council is usually elected head of government

election results:

Xaviar Espot ZAMORA (DA) elected head of government; percent of General Council vote - 60.7%

description:

• unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell General de les Valls (a minimum of 28 seats; 14 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies (parishes) by simple majority vote and 14 directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms);
• note - voters cast two separate ballots - one for a national list and one for a parish list

elections:

last held on 7 April 2019 (next to be held on April 2023)

election results:

• percent of vote by party - DA 35.1%, PS 30.6%, L'A 12.5%, Third Way/Lauredian Union 10.4%, other 22.4%;
• seats by party - DA 11, PS 7, L'A 4, Third Way/Lauredian Union 4, other 2;
• composition - men 14, women 14, percent of women 50%

highest courts:

• Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or Tribunal Superior de la Justicia d'Andorra (consists of the court president and 8 judges organized into civil, criminal, and administrative chambers);
• Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 4 magistrates)

judge selection and term of office:

• Supreme Court president and judges appointed by the Supreme Council of Justice, a 5-member judicial policy and administrative body appointed 1 each by the coprinces, 1 by the General Council, 1 by the executive council president, and 1 by the courts;
• judges serve 6-year renewable terms;
• Constitutional magistrates - 2 appointed by the coprinces and 2 by the General Council;
• magistrates' appointments limited to 2 consecutive 8-year terms

subordinate courts:

Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the Courts or Tribunal de Corts

• Democrats for Andorra or DA [Xaviar ESPOT ZAMORA]
• Social Democratic Party or PS [Vicenc ALFY FERRER]
• Liberals of Andorra or L'A [Jordi GALLARDO FERNANDEZ]
• Third Way/Lauredian Union [Josep PINTAT FORNE]
• Social Democracy and Progress or SDP [Victor NAUDI ZAMORA]
• United for the Progress of Andorra or UPA [Alfons CLAVERA ARIZTI]

note: Andorra has several smaller parties at the parish level (one is Lauredian Union)

• the US does not have an embassy in Andorra;
• the US ambassador to Spain is accredited to Andorra;
• US interests in Andorra are represented by the US Consulate General's office in Barcelona (Spain);
• mailing address:
  • Paseo Reina Elisenda de Montcada,
  • 23,
  • 08034 Barcelona,
  • Spain
  ;
• telephone: [34] (93) 280-2227;
• FAX: [34] (93) 280-6175

• three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red, with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band;
• the latter band is slightly wider than the other 2 so that the ratio of band widths is 8:9:8;
• the coat of arms features a quartered shield with the emblems of (starting in the upper left and proceeding clockwise):
  • Urgell,
  • Foix,
  • Bearn,
  • and Catalonia
  ;
• the motto reads VIRTUS UNITA FORTIOR (Strength United is Stronger);
• the flag combines the blue and red French colors with the red and yellow of Spain to show Franco-Spanish protection

note: similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem

name:

"El Gran Carlemany" (The Great Charlemagne)

lyrics/music:

Joan BENLLOCH i VIVO/Enric MARFANY BONS

note: adopted 1921; the anthem provides a brief history of Andorra in a first person narrative

agriculture:

0.5%

industry:

4.4%

services:

95.1% (2015)

lowest 10%:

NA

highest 10%:

NA

general assessment:

modern automatic telephone system; broadband Internet and LTE mobile lines for both consumer and enterprise customers available (2019)

domestic:

50 per 100 fixed-line, 45 per 100 mobile-cellular; modern system with microwave radio relay connections between exchanges (2019)

international:

country code - 376; landline circuits to France and Spain (2019)

• 1 public TV station and 2 public radio stations;
• about 10 commercial radio stations;
• good reception of radio and TV broadcasts from stations in France and Spain;
• upgraded to terrestrial digital TV broadcasting in 2007;
• roughly 25 international TV channels available (2019)