Andorra

Principality of AndorraPrincipat d'Andorra

parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains as itsIndependence 1278

Andorra as the 1995 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 74 fields, one of 36 editions from 1990 to 2025.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalAndorra la Vella

Area450 sq km

LocationSouthwestern Europe, between France and Spain

Populationas each edition published it

65,780 people July 1995 est. · 51,895 in 1990

Population growth% a year

2.72% 1995 est. · 3.27% in 1993

Median ageyears

Not in this edition 39.1 yrs in 2003

Life expectancyyears at birth

78.52 years 1995 est. · 78.22 yrs in 1993

Fertility ratechildren per woman

1.72 children per woman 1995 est. · 1.3 in 1990

Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births

7.7 deaths per 1,000 live births 1995 est. · 7 in 1990

GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars

$14,000 1992 est. · $14,000 in 1993

GDP real growth% a year

Not in this edition 3.8% in 2002

Geography

Southwestern Europe, between France and Spain

14 fields

Land useshare of 450 sq km

arable land 2%permanent crops 0%meadows and pastures 56%forest and woodland 22%other 20%

Area

450sq km

land area: 450 sq kmcomparative area: slightly more than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Coastline

0km

(landlocked)Maritime claims: none; landlocked

Land boundaries

125km

total · France 60 km, Spain 65 km

Location

Southwestern Europe, between France and Spain

Climate

temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers

Terrain

rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys

Natural resources

hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead

Environment

current issues:: deforestation; overgrazing of mountain meadows contributes to soil erosion
natural hazards:: snowslides, avalanches
international agreements:: NA

People

15 fields

Population

65,780

(July 1995 est.)growth rate: 2.72% (1995 est.)

Per 1,000 population(1995 est.)

Birth

12.92Death

7.25Net migration

21.53

Ethnic divisions

Spanish 61%Andorran 30%French 6%other 3%

Age structure

0-14 years:: 18% (female 5,503; male 5,985)
15-64 years:: 70% (female 21,873; male 24,334)
65 years and over:: 12% (female 4,020; male 4,065) (July 1995 est.)

Infant mortality rate

7.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population:: 78.52 years
male:: 75.65 years
female:: 81.66 years (1995 est.)

Nationality

noun:: Andorran(s)
adjective:: Andorran

Government

Parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains as its; Executive Council President Marc FORNE (since 21 December 1994) elected by Parliament, following resignation of Oscar RIBAS Reig

19 fields

Names

conventional long form:: Principality of Andorra
conventional short form:: Andorra
local long form:: Principat d'Andorra
local short form:: Andorra

Type

parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains as its heads of state a co-principality;
the two princes are the president of France and Spanish bishop of Seo de Urgel, who are represented locally by officials called veguers

Administrative divisions

7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra, Canillo, Encamp, La Massana, Les Escaldes, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria

Constitution

Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991; adopted 14 March 1993

Legal system

based on French and Spanish civil codes;
no judicial review of legislative acts;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Executive branch

chiefs of state:: French Co-Prince Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981), represented by Veguer de Franca Jean Pierre COURTOIS (since NA); note - COURTOIS is to become French ambassador to Libreville and his replacement has not been announced; Spanish Episcopal Co-Prince Mgr. Juan MARTI Alanis (since 31 January 1971), represented by Veguer Episcopal Francesc BADIA Bata (since NA); two permanent delegates (French Prefect Pierre STEINMETZ for the department of Pyrenees-Orientales, since NA, and Spanish Vicar General Nemesi MARQUES Oste for the Seo de Urgel diocese, since NA)
head of government:: Executive Council President Marc FORNE (since 21 December 1994) elected by Parliament, following resignation of Oscar RIBAS Reig
cabinet:: Executive Council; designated by the executive council president

General Council of the Valleys

(Consell General de las Valls);
elections last held 12 December 1993 (next to be held NA);
yielded no clear winner;
results - percent of vote by party NA;
seats - (28 total) number of seats by party NA

Supreme Court of Andorra at Perpignan (France) for civil cases, the Ecclesiastical Court of the bishop of Seo de Urgel (Spain) for civil cases, Tribunal of the Courts (Tribunal des Cortes) for criminal cases

Political parties and leaders

National Democratic Group (AND), Oscar RIBAS Reig and Jordi FARRAS;
Liberal Union (UL), Francesc CERQUEDA;
New Democracy (ND), Jaume BARTOMEU;
Andorran National Coalition (CNA), Antoni CERQUEDA;
National Democratic Initiative (IDN), Vincenc MATEU;
Liberal Union (UL), Marc FORNE

note: there are two other small parties

Member of

ECE, IFRCS (associate), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, UN, UNESCO

Diplomatic representation in US

Andorra has no mission in the US

US diplomatic representation

Andorra is included within the Barcelona (Spain) Consular District, and the US Consul General visits Andorra periodically

Flag

three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band;
the coat of arms features a quartered shield;
similar to the flags of Chad and Romania that do not have a national coat of arms in the center

Economy

Tourism, the mainstay of Andorra's economy, accounts for | roughly 80% of GDP. An estimated 13 million tourists visit annually, | attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by its summer and winter | resorts.

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GDP per capita, PPP

$14,000

(1992 est.)

Unemployment rate

Budget

Revenues

$138 millionExpenditures

$177 million (1993)

expenditures including capital expenditures of $NA

Installed generating capacity, 35,000 kW

Electricity production

140 millionElectricity consumption per capita

2,570 (1992)

Overview

Tourism, the mainstay of Andorra's economy, accounts for roughly 80% of GDP. An estimated 13 million tourists visit annually, attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by its summer and winter resorts. The banking sector, with its "tax haven" status, also contributes substantially to the economy.

Agricultural production is limited by a scarcity of arable land, and most food has to be imported. The principal livestock activity is sheep raising. Manufacturing consists mainly of cigarettes, cigars, and furniture. Andorra is a member of the EU Customs Union; it is unclear what effect the European Single Market will have on the advantages Andorra obtains from its duty-free status.

commodities:: electricity, tobacco products, furniture
partners:: France, Spain

Imports

$NA

commodities:: consumer goods, food
partners:: France, Spain

1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes;
1 peseta (Pta) = 100 centimos;
the French and Spanish currencies are used

Exchange rates

French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.2943 (January 1995), 5,5520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990);
Spanish pesetas (Ptas) per US$1 - 132.61 (January 1995), 133.96 (1994), 127.26 (1993), 102.38 (1992), 103.91 (1991), 101.93 (1990)