Monaco

Principality of MonacoPrincipaute de Monaco

constitutional monarchy

Monaco as the 2004 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 95 fields, one of 36 editions from 1990 to 2025.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalMonaco

Position43 44 N, 7 24 E

Area1.95 sq km

LocationWestern Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy

Populationas each edition published it

32,270 people July 2004 est. · 29,453 in 1990

Population growth% a year

0.44% 2004 est. · 0.93% in 1993

Median ageyears

45.1 years 2004 est. · 45 yrs in 2003

Life expectancyyears at birth

79.42 years 2004 est. · 77.5 yrs in 1993

Fertility ratechildren per woman

1.76 children per woman 2004 est. · 1.2 in 1990

Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births

5.53 deaths per 1,000 live births 2004 est. · 9 in 1990

GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars

$27,000 1999 est. · $16,000 in 1993

GDP real growth% a year

Not in this edition 0.9% in 2005

Introduction

1 field

Background

Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center.

Geography

Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy

18 fields

Land useshare of 1.95 sq km

permanent crops 0%other 100% (urban area) (2001)arable land 0% in all

Area

1.95sq km

land: 1.95 sq kmwater: 0 sq kmabout three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Coastline

4.1km

territorial sea: 12 nm

Highest point

140m

Mont Agellowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m

Land boundaries

4.4km

border countries: France 4.4 km

Location

Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy

Geographic coordinates

43 44 N, 7 24 E

Map references

Europe

Climate

Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers

Terrain

hilly, rugged, rocky

Natural resources

none

Irrigated land

NA sq km

Natural hazards

Environment - current issues

Environment - international agreements

party to:: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified:: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

Geography - note

second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban

People

19 fields

Population

32,270

(July 2004 est.)growth rate: 0.44% (2004 est.)

Per 1,000 population(2004 est.)

Birth

9.36Death

12.74Net migration

7.75

Male · female(2004 est.)

TotalMale · femaleLife expectancy years79.42

75.53 · 83.5Infant mortality deaths/1,000 live births5.53

6.4 · 4.61

TotalMale · femaleMedian age years45.1

43.1 · 47.1

MaleFemale

Ethnic groups

French 47%Monegasque 16%Italian 16%other 21%

Age structure

0-14 years:: 15.5% (male 2,554; female 2,453)
15-64 years:: 62.1% (male 9,860; female 10,165)
65 years and over:: 22.4% (male 2,959; female 4,279) (2004 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth:: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years:: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years:: 0.97 male(s)/female
65 years and over:: 0.69 male(s)/female
total population:: 0.91 male(s)/female (2004 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.76 children born/woman (2004 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS - deaths

Nationality

noun:: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)
adjective:: Monegasque or Monacan

Religions

Roman Catholic 90%

Languages

French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque

Literacy

definition:: NA
total population:: 99%
male:: NA
female:: NA

Government

Constitutional monarchy; Prince RAINIER III (since 9 May 1949); Minister of State Patrick LECLERCQ (since 5 January 2000)

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National Council or Conseil National, 24 seats, elected 9 February 2003one dot, one seat

UNAM 21UND 3

Country name

conventional long form:: Principality of Monaco
conventional short form:: Monaco
local long form:: Principaute de Monaco
local short form:: Monaco

Government type

constitutional monarchy

Capital

Monaco

Administrative divisions

none;
there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier);
Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo

Independence

1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi)

National holiday

National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November

Constitution

17 December 1962

Legal system

based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Suffrage

21 years of age; universal

Executive branch

chief of state:: Prince RAINIER III (since 9 May 1949); Heir Apparent Prince ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre, son of the monarch (born 14 March 1958)
head of government:: Minister of State Patrick LECLERCQ (since 5 January 2000)
cabinet:: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch
elections:: none;
the monarchy is hereditary;
minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government

Legislative branch

unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation; to serve five-year terms)

elections:: last held 9 February 2003 (next to be held NA February 2008)
election results:: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UNAM 21, UND 3

Judicial branch

Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)

Political parties and leaders

National and Democratic Union or UND [Jean-Louis CAMPORA]; Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM [leader NA]

Political pressure groups and leaders

International organization participation

ACCT, CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO

Diplomatic representation in the US

Monaco does not have an embassy in the US; consulate(s) general: New York

Diplomatic representation from the US

the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France) is accredited to Monaco

Flag description

two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red

Economy

Monaco, bordering France on the Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate.

24 fields

Unemployment rate

3.1%

(1998)

Labor force

30,540

(January 1994)

Budget

Revenues

$518 millionExpenditures

$531 million (1995)

expenditures including capital expenditures of NA

Economy - overview

Monaco, bordering France on the Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. In 2001, a major construction project extended the pier used by cruise ships in the main harbor. The principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries.

The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service.

Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas. Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates below are extremely rough.

GDP

purchasing power parity - $870 million (1999 est.)

GDP - real growth rate

NA (2000 est.)

GDP - per capita

purchasing power parity - $27,000 (1999 est.)

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture:: NA
industry:: NA
services:: NA (2001 est.)

Population below poverty line

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

NA (2000)

Agriculture - products

none

Industries

tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products

Electricity - consumption

NA kWh

Electricity - imports

NA kWh note: electricity supplied by France

Exports

$NA;
full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties;
also participates in EU market system through customs union with France

Imports

$NA;
full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties;
also participates in EU market system through customs union with France

Debt - external

NA (2000 est.)

Economic aid - recipient

Currency

euro (EUR)

Currency code

EUR

Exchange rates

euros per US dollar - 0.8860 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)

Fiscal year

calendar year

Communications

8 fields

Mobile cellular

19,300

(2002)

Internet users

533

(2004)

Fixed lines

33,700

(2002) · country code .mc

Telephone system

general assessment:: modern automatic telephone system
domestic:: NA
international:: country code - 377;
no satellite earth stations;
connected by cable into the French communications system