Slovenia

Republic of SloveniaRepublika Slovenije

emerging democracyIndependence 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

Slovenia as the 1993 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 78 fields, one of 34 editions from 1992 to 2025.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalLjubljana

Area20,296 km2 land area:

LocationSouthern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Austria and Croatia

Populationas each edition published it

1.97 million July 1993 est. · 1.96m in 1992

Population growth% a year

0.23% 1993 est. · -0.16% in 2025

Median ageyears

Not in this edition 38.6 yrs in 2003

Life expectancyyears at birth

74 years 1993 est. · 82.2 yrs in 2025

Fertility ratechildren per woman

1.68 children per woman 1993 est. · 1.49 in 2025

Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births

8.3 deaths per 1,000 live births 1993 est. · 1.8 in 2025

GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars

$10,700 1991 est. · $48,500 in 2025

GDP real growth% a year

-10% 1991 est. · 1.6% in 2025

Geography

Southern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Austria and Croatia

13 fields

Land use

arable land 10%permanent crops 2%meadows and pastures 20%forest and woodland 45%other 23%

Coastline

32km

continental shelf: 200 m depth or to depth of exploitationterritorial sea: 12 nm

Land boundaries

999km

total · Austria 262 km, Croatia 455 km, Italy 199 km, Hungary 83 km

Location

Southern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Austria and Croatia

Map references

Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe, Standard Time Zones of the World

Area

total area:: 20,296 km2 land area: 20,296 km2
comparative area:: slightly larger than New Jersey

International disputes

dispute with Croatia over fishing rights in the Adriatic and over some border areas;
the border issue is currently under negotiation;
small minority in northern Italy seeks the return of parts of southwestern Slovenia

Climate

Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east

Terrain

a short coastal strip on the Adriatic, an alpine mountain region adjacent to Italy, mixed mountain and valleys with numerous rivers to the east

Natural resources

lignite coal, lead, zinc, mercury, uranium, silver

Environment

Sava River polluted with domestic and industrial waste;
heavy metals and toxic chemicals along coastal waters;
near Koper, forest damage from air pollutants originating at metallurgical and chemical plants;
subject to flooding and earthquakes

People

14 fields

Population

1,967,655

(July 1993 est.)growth rate: 0.23% (1993 est.)

Per 1,000 population(1993 est.)

Birth

11.93Death

9.6Net migration

Ethnic divisions

Slovene 91%Croat 3%Serb 2%Muslim 1%other 3%

Religions

Roman Catholic 96% (including 2% Uniate)Muslim 1%other 3%

Labor force

786,036

by occupation: agriculture 2%, manufacturing and mining 46%

Infant mortality rate

8.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population:: 74 years
male:: 70.08 years
female:: 78.13 years (1993 est.)

Nationality

noun:: Slovene(s)
adjective:: Slovenian

Languages

Slovenian 91%, Serbo-Croatian 7%, other 2%

Literacy

total population:: NA%
male:: NA%
female:: NA%

Government

Emerging democracy

21 fields

Names

conventional long form:: Republic of Slovenia
conventional short form:: Slovenia
local long form:: Republika Slovenije
local short form:: Slovenija

60 provinces (pokajine, singular - pokajina) Ajdovscina, Brezice, Celje, Cerknica, Crnomelj, Dravograd, Gornja Radgona, Grosuplje, Hrastnik Lasko, Idrija, Ilirska Bistrica, Izola, Jesenice, Kamnik, Kocevje, Koper, Kranj, Krsko, Lenart, Lendava, Litija, Ljubljana-Bezigrad, Ljubljana-Center, Ljubljana-Moste-Polje, Ljubljana-Siska, Ljubljana-Vic-Rudnik, Ljutomer, Logatec, Maribor, Metlika, Mozirje, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica, Novo Mesto, Ormoz Pesnica, Piran, Postojna, Ptuj, Radlje Ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne Na Koroskem, Ribnica, Ruse, Sentjur Pri Celju, Sevnica, Sezana, Skofja Loka, Slovenj Gradec, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Smarje Pri Jelsah, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trzic, Velenje, Vrhnika, Zagorje Ob Savi, Zalec

Independence

25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

Constitution

adopted 23 December 1991, effective 23 December 1991

Legal system

based on civil law system

National holiday

Statehood Day, 25 June

Political parties and leaders

Slovene Christian Democratics (SKD), Lozje PETERLE, chairman;
Liberal Democratic (LDS), Janez DRNOVSEK, chairman;
Social-Democratic Party of Slovenia (SDSS), Joze PUCNIK, chairman;
Socialist Party of Slovenia (SSS), Viktor ZAKELJ, chairman;
Greens of Slovenia (ZS), Dusan PLUT, chairman;
National Democratic, Rajko PIRNAT, chairman;
Democratic Peoples Party, Marjan PODOBNIK, chairman;
Reformed Socialists (former Communist Party), Ciril RIBICIC, chairman;
United List (former Communists and allies);
Slovene National Party, leader NA;
Democratic Party, Igor BAVCAR;
Slovene People's Party (SLS), Ivan OMAN

note: parties have changed as of the December 1992 elections

Other political or pressure groups

none

Suffrage

16 years of age, if employed; 18 years of age, universal

Elections

President:: last held 6 December 1992 (next to be held NA 1996); results - Milan KUCAN reelected by direct popular vote
State Assembly:: last held 6 December 1992 (next to be held NA 1996);
results - percent of vote by party NA;
seats - (total 90) LDS 22, SKD 15, United List (former Communists and allies) 14, Slovene National Party 12, SN 10, Democratic Party 6, ZS 5, SDSS 4, Hungarian minority 1, Italian minority 1
State Council:: will become operational after next election in 1996; in the election of 6 December 1992 40 members were elected to represent local and socio-economic interests

Executive branch

president, prime minister, deputy prime ministers, cabinet

Legislative branch

bicameral National Assembly;
consists of the State Assembly and the State Council;
note - State Council will become operational after next election

Judicial branch

Supreme Court, Constitutional Court

Leaders

Chief of State:: President Milan KUCAN (since 22 April 1990)
Head of Government:: Prime Minister Janez DRNOVSEK (since 14 May 1992)

Member of

CE, CEI, CSCE, EBRD, ECE, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IOM (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO

Diplomatic representation in US

chief of mission:: Ambassador Ernest PETRIC
chancery:: (temporary) 1300 19th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036
telephone:: (202) 828-1650

US diplomatic representation

chief of mission:: Ambassador E. Allen WENDT
embassy:: P.O. Box 254; Cankarjeva 11, 61000 Ljubljana
mailing address:: APO AE 09862
telephone:: [38] (61) 301-427/472
FAX:: [38] (61) 301-401

Flag

three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red with the Slovenian seal (a shield with the image of Triglav in white against a blue background at the center, beneath it are two wavy blue lines depicting seas and rivers, and around it, there are three six-sided stars arranged in an inverted triangle);
the seal is located in the upper hoist side of the flag centered in the white and blue bands

Economy

Slovenia was by far the most prosperous of the former Yugoslav republics, | with a per capita income more than twice the Yugoslav average, indeed not | far below the levels in neighboring Austria and Italy.

19 fields

GDP per capita, PPP

$10,700

(1991 est.)

Real growth rate

-10%

(1991 est.)industrial production growth: growth rate -1% per month (1991-92 est.)

Inflation, consumer prices

2.7%

(September 1992)

Unemployment rate

10%

(April 1992)

Overview

Slovenia was by far the most prosperous of the former Yugoslav republics, with a per capita income more than twice the Yugoslav average, indeed not far below the levels in neighboring Austria and Italy. Because of its strong ties to Western Europe and the small scale of damage during its fight for independence from Yugoslavia, Slovenia has the brightest prospects among the former Yugoslav republics for economic recovery over the next few years.

The dissolution of Yugoslavia, however, has led to severe short-term dislocations in production, employment, and trade ties. For example, overall industrial production fell 10% in 1991; particularly hard hit were the iron and steel, machine-building, chemical, and textile industries.

Meanwhile, the continued fighting in other former Yugoslavian republics has led to further destruction of long-established trade channels and to an influx of tens of thousands of Croatian and Bosnian refugees. The key program for breaking up and privatizing major industrial firms was established in late 1992.

Bright spots for encouraging Western investors are Slovenia's comparatively well-educated work force, its developed infrastructure, and its Western business attitudes, but instability in Croatia is a deterrent. Slovenia in absolute terms is a small economy, and a little Western investment would go a long way.

National product

GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $21 billion (1991 est.)

Budget

revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

Exports

$4.12 billion (f.o.b., 1990)

commodities:: machinery and transport equipment 38%, other manufactured goods 44%, chemicals 9%, food and live animals 4.6%, raw materials 3%, beverages and tobacco less than 1%
partners:: principally the other former Yugoslav republics, Austria, and Italy

Imports

$4.679 billion (c.i.f., 1990)

commodities:: machinery and transport equipment 35%, other manufactured goods 26.7%, chemicals 14.5%, raw materials 9.4%, fuels and lubricants 7%, food and live animals 6%
partners:: principally the other former Yugoslav republics, Germany, successor states of the former USSR, US, Hungary, Italy, and Austria

External debt

$2.5 billion

Electricity

2,900,000 kW capacity; 10,000 million kWh produced, 5,090 kWh per capita (1992)

Industries

ferrous metallurgy and rolling mill products, aluminum reduction and rolled products, lead and zinc smelting, electronics (including military electronics), trucks, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools

Agriculture

dominated by stock breeding (sheep and cattle) and dairy farming;
main crops - potatoes, hops, hemp, flax;
an export surplus in these commodities;
Slovenia must import many other agricultural products and has a negative overall trade balance in this sector

Illicit drugs

Economic aid

Currency

1 tolar (SIT) = 100 NA

Exchange rates

tolars (SIT) per US$1 - 112 (June 1993), 28 (January 1992)

Fiscal year

calendar year

Communications

8 fields

Merchant marine, 22 ships by typeone square, one ship

bulk 15cargo; all under the flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines except for 1 bulk under Liberian flag 722 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 348,784 GRT/596,740 DWT

Networkskm

Highways

14,553Railroads

1,200 (1991)

Highways: ; 10,525 km paved, 4,028 km gravel · Railroads: , 1.435 m gauge