Slovenia

Republic of SloveniaRepublika Slovenije

emerging democracyIndependence 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

Slovenia as the 1995 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 83 fields, one of 34 editions from 1992 to 2025.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalLjubljana

Area20,296 sq km

LocationSoutheastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between

Populationas each edition published it

2.05 million July 1995 est. · 1.96m in 1992

Population growth% a year

0.24% 1995 est. · 0.23% in 1993

Median ageyears

Not in this edition 38.6 yrs in 2003

Life expectancyyears at birth

74.73 years 1995 est. · 74 yrs in 1993

Fertility ratechildren per woman

1.64 children per woman 1995 est. · 1.68 in 1993

Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births

7.9 deaths per 1,000 live births 1995 est. · 8.3 in 1993

GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars

$8,110 1994 est. · $10,700 in 1993

GDP real growth% a year

4% 1994 est. · -10% in 1993

Geography

Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between | Croatia and Italy

13 fields

Land useshare of 20,296 sq km

arable land 10%permanent crops 2%meadows and pastures 20%forest and woodland 45%other 23%

Area

20,296sq km

land area: 20,296 sq kmcomparative area: slightly larger than New Jersey

Coastline

32km

Maritime claims: NA

Land boundaries

1,045km

total · Austria 262 km, Croatia 501 km, Italy 199 km, Hungary 83 km

Location

Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Croatia and Italy

International disputes

dispute with Croatia over fishing rights in the Adriatic and over some border areas; the border issue is currently under negotiation

Climate

Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east

Terrain

a short coastal strip on the Adriatic, an alpine mountain region adjacent to Italy, mixed mountain and valleys with numerous rivers to the east

Natural resources

lignite coal, lead, zinc, mercury, uranium, silver

Environment

current issues:: Sava River polluted with domestic and industrial waste;
pollution of coastal waters with heavy metals and toxic chemicals;
forest damage near Koper from air pollution (originating at metallurgical and chemical plants) and resulting acid rain
natural hazards:: flooding and earthquakes
international agreements:: party to - Air Pollution, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands;
signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change

People

15 fields

Population

2,051,522

(July 1995 est.)growth rate: 0.24% (1995 est.)

Per 1,000 population(1995 est.)

Birth

11.85Death

9.27Net migration

-0.19

Ethnic divisions

Slovene 91%Croat 3%Serb 2%Muslim 1%other 3%

Religions

Roman Catholic 96% (including 2% Uniate)Muslim 1%other 3%

Labor force

786,036

by occupation: agriculture 2%, manufacturing and mining 46%

Age structure

0-14 years:: 19% (female 191,318; male 200,957)
15-64 years:: 69% (female 701,082; male 708,482)
65 years and over:: 12% (female 160,662; male 89,021) (July 1995 est.)

Infant mortality rate

7.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population:: 74.73 years
male:: 70.91 years
female:: 78.76 years (1995 est.)

Nationality

noun:: Slovene(s)
adjective:: Slovenian

Languages

Slovenian 91%, Serbo-Croatian 7%, other 2%

Government

Emerging democracy; President Milan KUCAN (since 22 April 1990); Prime Minister Janez DRNOVSEK (since 14 May 1992)

23 fields

Legislature, 90 seatsone dot, one seat

LDS 22SKD 15United List (former Communists and allies) 14Slovene National Party 12SLS 10Democratic Party 6ZS 5SDSS 4Hungarian minority 1Italian minority 1

Names

conventional long form:: Republic of Slovenia
conventional short form:: Slovenia
local long form:: Republika Slovenije
local short form:: Slovenija

60 provinces (pokajine, singular - pokajina) Ajdovscina, Brezice, Celje, Cerknica, Crnomelj, Dravograd, Gornja Radgona, Grosuplje, Hrastnik Lasko, Idrija, Ilirska Bistrica, Izola, Jesenice, Kamnik, Kocevje, Koper, Kranj, Krsko, Lenart, Lendava, Litija, Ljubljana-Bezigrad, Ljubljana-Center, Ljubljana-Moste-Polje, Ljubljana-Siska, Ljubljana-Vic-Rudnik, Ljutomer, Logatec, Maribor, Metlika, Mozirje, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica, Novo Mesto, Ormoz, Pesnica, Piran, Postojna, Ptuj, Radlje Ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne Na Koroskem, Ribnica, Ruse, Sentjur Pri Celju, Sevnica, Sezana, Skofja Loka, Slovenj Gradec, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Smarje Pri Jelsah, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trzic, Velenje, Vrhnika, Zagorje Ob Savi, Zalec

Independence

25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

National holiday

Statehood Day, 25 June (1991)

Constitution

adopted 23 December 1991, effective 23 December 1991

Legal system

based on civil law system

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal (16 years of age, if employed)

Executive branch

chief of state:: President Milan KUCAN (since 22 April 1990);
election last held 6 December 1992 (next to be held NA 1996);
results - Milan KUCAN reelected by direct popular vote
head of government:: Prime Minister Janez DRNOVSEK (since 14 May 1992)
cabinet:: Council of Ministers

Legislative branch

bicameral National Assembly

State Assembly

elections last held 6 December 1992 (next to be held NA 1996);
results - percent of vote by party NA;
seats - (90 total) LDS 22, SKD 15, United List (former Communists and allies) 14, Slovene National Party 12, SLS 10, Democratic Party 6, ZS 5, SDSS 4, Hungarian minority 1, Italian minority 1

State Council

will become operational after next election in 1996; in the election of 6 December 1992, 40 members were elected to represent local and socioeconomic interests

Judicial branch

Supreme Court, Constitutional Court

Political parties and leaders

Liberal Democratic (LDS), Janez DRNOVSEK, chairman;
Slovene Christian Democrats (SKD), Lozje PETERLE, chairman;
Social Democratic Party of Slovenia (SDSS), Janez JANSA, chairman;
Slovene People's National Party, Marjan PODOBNIK, chairman;
United List (former Communists and allies), Janez KOCJANCIC, chairman;
Slovene People's Party (SLS), Ivan OMAN, chairman;
Democratic Party, Igor BAVCAR, chairman;
Greens of Slovenia (ZS), Dusan PLUT, chairman

note: parties have changed as of the December 1992 elections

Other political or pressure groups

none

Member of

CCC, CE, CEI, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM (guest), OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in US

chief of mission:: Ambassador Ernest PETRIC
chancery:: 1525 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
telephone:: [1] (202) 667-5363

FAX

[1] (202) 667-4563; consulate(s) general: New York

US diplomatic representation

chief of mission:: Ambassador E. Allan WENDT
embassy:: P.O. Box 254, Prazakova 4, 61000 Ljubljana
mailing address:: American Embassy, Ljubljana, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-7140
telephone:: [386] (61) 301-427, 472, 485

FAX

[386] (61) 301-401

Flag

three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red with the Slovenian seal (a shield with the image of Triglav in white against a blue background at the center, beneath it are two wavy blue lines depicting seas and rivers, and around it, there are three six-sided stars arranged in an inverted triangle);
the seal is located in the upper hoist side of the flag centered in the white and blue bands

Economy

19 fields

GDP per capita, PPP

$8,110

(1994 est.)

Real growth rate

(1994 est.)industrial production growth: growth rate 6% (1994 est.); accounts for 37% of GDP (1993)

Inflation, consumer prices

20%

(1994)

Unemployment rate

(1994 est.)

Budget

Revenues

$9.9 billionExpenditures

$9.8 billion (1993)

expenditures including capital expenditures of $NA

Installed generating capacity, 2,700,000 kW

Electricity production

8.9 billionElectricity consumption per capita

4,470 (1993)

Overview

Slovenia appears to be making a solid economic recovery, fulfilling the promise it showed at the time of Yugoslavia's breakup. It was by far the most prosperous of the former Yugoslav republics, with a per capita income more than twice the national average. It also benefited from strong ties to Western Europe and suffered comparatively small physical damage in the dismemberment process.

The beginning was difficult, however. Real GDP fell 15% during 1991-92, while inflation jumped to 247% in 1991 and unemployment topped 8% - nearly three times the 1989 level. The turning point came in 1993 when real GDP grew 1%, unemployment leveled off at about 9%, and inflation slowed dramatically to 23%. In 1994, the rate of growth of GDP rose to 4%, unemployment remained stable, and inflation dropped to 20%. This was accomplished, moreover, without balance-of-payments problems.

The government gets generally good economic marks from foreign observers, particularly with regard to fiscal policy - the budget deficit in 1994 was only about 1% of GDP, following several years of small surpluses. Prospects for 1995 appear good, with economic growth expected to remain strong while unemployment and inflation may decline slightly. Privatization, sluggish to date, is expected to pick up in 1995.

National product

GDP - purchasing power parity - $16 billion (1994 est.)

Exports

$6.5 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)

commodities:: machinery and transport equipment 27%, intermediate manufactured goods 26%, chemicals 9%, food 4.8%, raw materials 3%, consumer goods 26% (1993)
partners:: Germany 29.5%, former Yugoslavia 15.8%, Italy 12.4%, France 8.7%, Austria 5.0% (1993)

Imports

$6.5 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)

commodities:: machinery and transport equipment 30%, intermediate manufactured goods 17.6%, chemicals 11.5%, raw materials 5.3%, fuels and lubricants 10.8%, food 8.4% (1993)
partners:: Germany 25.0%, Italy 16.1%, former Yugoslavia 10.7%, France 8.0%, Austria 8.5% (1993)

External debt

$2.1 billion (1994)

Industries

ferrous metallurgy and rolling mill products, aluminum reduction and rolled products, lead and zinc smelting, electronics (including military electronics), trucks, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools

Agriculture

accounts for 4.8% of GDP (1993);
dominated by stock breeding (sheep and cattle) and dairy farming;
main crops - potatoes, hops, hemp, flax;
an export surplus in these commodities;
Slovenia must import many other agricultural products and has a negative overall trade balance in this sector

Illicit drugs

Economic aid

$NA

Currency

1 tolar (SlT) = 100 stotins

Exchange rates

tolars (SIT) per US$1 - 127 (January 1995), 112 (June 1993), 28 (January 1992)

Fiscal year

calendar year

Transportation

7 fields

Airports by runway lengthpaved left, unpaved right · 14 in all

over 3,047 m

2,438 to 3,047 m

1,524 to 2,437 m

914 to 1,523 m

under 914 m

1,524 to 2,438 m

PavedUnpaved

Networkskm

Highways

14,726Railroads

1,201

Highways: paved: 11,046 km (187 km expressways) · unpaved: gravel 3,680 km (1992) · Railroads: standard gauge: 1,201 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified 499 km) (1994)

Railroads

total:: 1,201 km
standard gauge:: 1,201 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified 499 km) (1994)

Highways

total:: 14,726 km
paved:: 11,046 km (187 km expressways)
unpaved:: gravel 3,680 km (1992)

Inland waterways

Pipelines

crude oil 290 km; natural gas 305 km

Ports

Izola, Koper, Piran

Merchant marine

total:: 17 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 265,937 GRT/449,205 DWT (controlled by Slovenian owners)
ships by type:: bulk 11, cargo 6

note: ships under the flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Singapore, Liberia; no ships remain under the Slovenian flag

Communications

3 fields

Telephone system

130,000 telephones

local:: NA
intercity:: NA
international:: NA

Radio

broadcast stations:: AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 0
radios:: 370,000

Television

broadcast stations:: 7
televisions:: 330,000

Defense Forces

Slovene Defense Forces

3 fields

Defense expenditures

13.5billion tolars

4.5% of GDP (1993 est.); note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results SOLOMON ISLANDS

Branches

Slovene Defense Forces

Manpower availability

males age 15-49 542,815;
males fit for military service 434,302;
males reach military age (19) annually 15,350 (1995 est.)

Central Intelligence Agency. “Slovenia.” The World Factbook 1995. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/slovenia/1995.

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