Slovenia

emerging democracyIndependence 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

Slovenia as the 1994 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 121 fields, one of 34 editions from 1992 to 2025.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalLjubljana
LocationBalkan State, Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between
1994

Every edition of Slovenia

Populationas each edition published it
1.97 million July 1994 est. · 1.96m in 1992
Population growth% a year
0.23% 1994 est. · 0.23% in 1993
Median ageyears
Not in this edition 38.6 yrs in 2003
Life expectancyyears at birth
Not in this edition 74 yrs in 1993
Fertility ratechildren per woman
1.67 children per woman 1994 est. · 1.68 in 1993
Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births
8.1 deaths per 1,000 live births 1994 est. · 8.3 in 1993
GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars
$7,600 1993 est. · $10,700 in 1993
GDP real growth% a year
0% 1993 est. · -10% in 1993

Geography

Balkan State, Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between | Austria and Croatia

22 fields
Land boundaries
1,045km
total · Austria 262 km, Croatia 501 km, Italy 199 km, Hungary 83 km

Location

Balkan State, Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Austria and Croatia

Map references

Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe, Standard Time Zones of the World

total area

20,296 sq km

land area

20,296 sq km

comparative area

slightly larger than New Jersey

continental shelf

200-m depth or to depth of exploitation

territorial sea

12 nm

International disputes

dispute with Croatia over fishing rights in the Adriatic and over some border areas; the border issue is currently under negotiation

Climate

Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east

Terrain

a short coastal strip on the Adriatic, an alpine mountain region adjacent to Italy, mixed mountain and valleys with numerous rivers to the east

Natural resources

lignite coal, lead, zinc, mercury, uranium, silver

arable land

10%

permanent crops

2%

meadows and pastures

20%

forest and woodland

45%

other

23%

current issues

  • Sava River polluted with domestic and industrial waste;
  • heavy metals and toxic chemicals along coastal waters;
  • forest damage near Koper from air pollution originating at metallurgical and chemical plants

natural hazards

subject to flooding and earthquakes

international agreements

  • party to - Air Pollution, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution;
  • signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change

People

20 fields
Population
1,972,227
(July 1994 est.)growth rate: 0.23% (1994 est.)

Per 1,000 population(1994 est.)

Birth
11.81Death
9.5Net migration
0

Ethnic divisions

Slovene 91%Croat 3%Serb 2%Muslim 1%other 3%

Religions

Roman Catholic 96% (including 2% Uniate)Muslim 1%other 3%

Infant mortality rate

8.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)

total population

74.36 years

male

70.49 years

female

78.44 years (1994 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.67 children born/woman (1994 est.)

noun

Slovene(s)

adjective

Slovenian

Languages

Slovenian 91%, Serbo-Croatian 7%, other 2%

total population

NA%

male

NA%

female

NA%

by occupation

agriculture 2%, manufacturing and mining 46%

Government

Emerging democracy

34 fields

Legislature, 90 seatsone dot, one seat

(total 90) LDS 22SKD 15United List (former Communists and allies) 14Slovene National Party 12SLS 10Democratic Party 6ZS 5SDSS 4Hungarian minority 1Italian minority 1

conventional long form

Republic of Slovenia

conventional short form

Slovenia

local long form

Republika Slovenije

local short form

Slovenija

Type

emerging democracy

Capital

Ljubljana

Administrative divisions

60 provinces (pokajine, singular - pokajina) Ajdovscina, Brezice, Celje, Cerknica, Crnomelj, Dravograd, Gornja Radgona, Grosuplje, Hrastnik Lasko, Idrija, Ilirska Bistrica, Izola, Jesenice, Kamnik, Kocevje, Koper, Kranj, Krsko, Lenart, Lendava, Litija, Ljubljana-Bezigrad, Ljubljana-Center, Ljubljana-Moste-Polje, Ljubljana-Siska, Ljubljana-Vic-Rudnik, Ljutomer, Logatec, Maribor, Metlika, Mozirje, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica, Novo Mesto, Ormoz, Pesnica, Piran, Postojna, Ptuj, Radlje Ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne Na Koroskem, Ribnica, Ruse, Sentjur Pri Celju, Sevnica, Sezana, Skofja Loka, Slovenj Gradec, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Smarje Pri Jelsah, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trzic, Velenje, Vrhnika, Zagorje Ob Savi, Zalec

Independence

25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

National holiday

Statehood Day, 25 June (1991)

Constitution

adopted 23 December 1991, effective 23 December 1991

Suffrage

16 years of age, if employed; 18 years of age, universal

chief of state

  • President Milan KUCAN (since 22 April 1990);
  • election last held 6 December 1992 (next to be held NA 1996);
  • results - Milan KUCAN reelected by direct popular vote

head of government

Prime Minister Janez DRNOVSEK (since 14 May 1992); Deputy Prime Minister Lojze PETERLE (since NA)

cabinet

Council of Ministers

Legislative branch

bicameral National Assembly

State Assembly

  • elections last held 6 December 1992 (next to be held NA 1996);
  • results - percent of vote by party NA;
  • seats - (total 90) LDS 22, SKD 15, United List (former Communists and allies) 14, Slovene National Party 12, SLS 10, Democratic Party 6, ZS 5, SDSS 4, Hungarian minority 1, Italian minority 1

State Council

will become operational after next election in 1996; in the election of 6 December 1992 40 members were elected to represent local and socioeconomic interests

Judicial branch

Supreme Court, Constitutional Court

Political parties and leaders

  • Slovene Christian Democrats (SKD), Lozje PETERLE, chairman;
  • Liberal Democratic (LDS), Janez DRNOVSEK, chairman;
  • Social-Democratic Party of Slovenia (SDSS), Joze PUCNIK, chairman;
  • Socialist Party of Slovenia (SSS), Viktor ZAKELJ, chairman;
  • Greens of Slovenia (ZS), Dusan PLUT, chairman;
  • National Democratic, Rajko PIRNAT, chairman;
  • Democratic Peoples Party, Marjan PODOBNIK, chairman;
  • Reformed Socialists (former Communist Party), Ciril RIBICIC, chairman;
  • United List (former Communists and allies);
  • Slovene National Party, leader NA;
  • Democratic Party, Igor BAVCAR;
  • Slovene People's Party (SLS), Ivan OMAN

note

parties have changed as of the December 1992 elections

Member of

CCC, CE, CEI, CSCE, EBRD, ECE, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM (guest), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO

chief of mission

Ambassador Ernest PETRIC

chancery

1525 New Hampshir Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20036

telephone

(202) 667-5363

consulate(s) general

New York

chief of mission

Ambassador E. Allan WENDT

embassy

P.O. Box 254, Prazakova 4, 61000 Ljubljana

mailing address

use embassy street address

telephone

[386] (61) 301-427/472/485

FAX

[386] (61) 301-401

Flag

  • three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red with the Slovenian seal (a shield with the image of Triglav in white against a blue background at the center, beneath it are two wavy blue lines depicting seas and rivers, and around it, there are three six-sided stars arranged in an inverted triangle);
  • the seal is located in the upper hoist side of the flag centered in the white and blue bands

Economy

Slovenia was by far the most prosperous of the former Yugoslav | republics, with a per capita income more than twice the Yugoslav | average, indeed not far below the levels in neighboring Austria and | Italy.

26 fields
GDP per capita, PPP
$7,600
(1993 est.)
Real growth rate
0%
(1993 est.)industrial production growth: growth rate -2.8% (1993); accounts for 30% of GDP

Overview

Slovenia was by far the most prosperous of the former Yugoslav republics, with a per capita income more than twice the Yugoslav average, indeed not far below the levels in neighboring Austria and Italy. Because of its strong ties to Western Europe and the small scale of damage during its brief fight for independence from Yugoslavia, Slovenia has the brightest prospects among the former Yugoslav republics for economic recovery over the next few years.

The dissolution of Yugoslavia, however, has led to severe short-term dislocations in production, employment, and trade ties. For example, overall industrial production has fallen 26% since 1990; particularly hard hit have been the iron and steel, machine-building, chemical, and textile industries.

Meanwhile, the continued fighting in other former Yugoslav republics has led to further destruction of long-established trade channels and to an influx of tens of thousands of Croatian and Bosnian refugees. The key program for breaking up and privatizing major industrial firms was established in late 1992.

Despite slow progress in privatization Slovenia has reasonable prospects for an upturn in 1994. Bright spots for encouraging Western investors are Slovenia's comparatively well-educated work force, its developed infrastructure, and its Western business attitudes, but instability in Croatia is a deterrent. Slovenia in absolute terms is a small economy, and a little Western investment would go a long way.

National product

GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $15 billion (1993 est.)

revenues

$NA

expenditures

$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

Exports

$5.1 billion (f.o.b., 1993)

commodities

machinery and transport equipment 38%, other manufactured goods 44%, chemicals 9%, food and live animals 4.6%, raw materials 3%, beverages and tobacco less than 1% (1992)

partners

Germany 27%, Croatia 14%, Italy 13%, France 9% (1992)

Imports

$5.3 billion (c.i.f., 1993)

commodities

machinery and transport equipment 35%, other manufactured goods 26.7%, chemicals 14.5%, raw materials 9.4%, fuels and lubricants 7%, food and live animals 6% (1992)

partners

Germany 23%, Croatia 14%, Italy 14%, France 8%, Austria 8% (1992)

External debt

$1.9 billion

capacity

2,900,000 kW

production

10 billion kWh

consumption per capita

5,090 kWh (1992)

Industries

ferrous metallurgy and rolling mill products, aluminum reduction and rolled products, lead and zinc smelting, electronics (including military electronics), trucks, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools

Agriculture

  • accounts for 5% of GDP;
  • dominated by stock breeding (sheep and cattle) and dairy farming;
  • main crops - potatoes, hops, hemp, flax;
  • an export surplus in these commodities;
  • Slovenia must import many other agricultural products and has a negative overall trade balance in this sector

Currency

1 tolar (SlT) = 100 stotins

Exchange rates

tolars (SIT) per US$1 - 112 (June 1993), 28 (January 1992)

Fiscal year

calendar year

Communications

16 fields

Railroads

1,200 km, 1.435 m gauge (1991)

total

14,553 km

paved

10,525 km

unpaved

gravel 4,028 km

Pipelines

crude oil 290 km; natural gas 305 km

Ports

coastal - Koper

Merchant marine

19 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 309,502 GRT/521,997 DWT controlled by Slovenian owners, bulk 13, cargo 6

note

most under the flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; no ships remain under the Slovenian flag

total

14

usable

13

with permanent-surface runways

6

with runways over 3,659 m

0

with runways 2,440-3,659 m

2

with runways 1,220-2,439 m

2

Telecommunications

  • 130,000 telephones;
  • broadcast stations - 6 AM, 5 FM, 7 TV;
  • 370,000 radios;
  • 330,000 TVs

Defense Forces

Slovene Defense Forces

3 fields
Defense expenditures
13.5billion tolars
4.5% of GDP (1993); note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results

Branches

Slovene Defense Forces

Manpower availability

  • males age 15-49 513,885;
  • fit for military service 411,619;
  • reach military age (19) annually 15,157 (1994 est.)

Central Intelligence Agency. “Slovenia.” The World Factbook 1994. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/slovenia/1994.

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