Slovenia
Republic of SloveniaRepublika Slovenije
emerging democracyIndependence 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
Slovenia as the 1996 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 90 fields, one of 34 editions from 1992 to 2025.
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Geography
Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between | Croatia and Italy
14 fieldsLand useshare of 20,256 sq km
International disputes
maritime border dispute with Croatia over direct access to the sea in the Adriatic; the border issue is currently under negotiation
Climate
Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east
Terrain
a short coastal strip on the Adriatic, an alpine mountain region adjacent to Italy, mixed mountain and valleys with numerous rivers to the east
- lowest point:
- Adriatic Sea 0 m
- highest point:
- Triglav 2,864 m
Environment
- current issues:
- Sava River polluted with domestic and industrial waste;
- pollution of coastal waters with heavy metals and toxic chemicals;
- forest damage near Koper from air pollution (originating at metallurgical and chemical plants) and resulting acid rain
- natural hazards:
- flooding and earthquakes
- international agreements:
- party to - Air Pollution, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands;
- signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Law of the Sea
People
15 fieldsPer 1,000 population(1996 est.)
Age structure
- 0-14 years:
- 17% (male 172,778; female 163,695)
- 15-64 years:
- 70% (male 682,501; female 678,781)
- 65 years and over:
- 13% (male 91,819; female 161,869) (July 1996 est.)
Sex ratio
- at birth:
- 1.06 male(s)/female
- under 15 years:
- 1.06 male(s)/female
- 15-64 years:
- 1 male(s)/female
- 65 years and over:
- 0.57 male(s)/female
- all ages:
- 0.94 male(s)/female (1996 est.)
Government
Emerging democracy; President Milan KUCAN (since 22 April 1990) was reelected for a five-year term by universal suffrage; Prime Minister Janez DRNOVSEK (since 14 May 1992) was nominated by the president and elected by the National Assembly
24 fieldsLegislature, 90 seatsone dot, one seat
Name of country
- conventional long form:
- Republic of Slovenia
- conventional short form:
- Slovenia
- local long form:
- Republika Slovenije
- local short form:
- Slovenija
Administrative divisions
60 provinces (pokajine, singular - pokajina) Ajdovscina, Brezice, Celje, Cerknica, Crnomelj, Dravograd, Gornja Radgona, Grosuplje, Hrastnik Lasko, Idrija, Ilirska Bistrica, Izola, Jesenice, Kamnik, Kocevje, Koper, Kranj, Krsko, Lenart, Lendava, Litija, Ljubljana-Bezigrad, Ljubljana-Center, Ljubljana-Moste-Polje, Ljubljana-Siska, Ljubljana-Vic-Rudnik, Ljutomer, Logatec, Maribor, Metlika, Mozirje, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica, Novo Mesto, Ormoz, Pesnica, Piran, Postojna, Ptuj, Radlje Ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne Na Koroskem, Ribnica, Ruse, Sentjur Pri Celju, Sevnica, Sezana, Skofja Loka, Slovenj Gradec, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Smarje Pri Jelsah, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trzic, Velenje, Vrhnika, Zagorje Ob Savi, Zalec
Executive branch
- chief of state:
- President Milan KUCAN (since 22 April 1990) was reelected for a five-year term by universal suffrage;
- election last held 6 December 1992 (next to be held NA 1997);
- results - Milan KUCAN reelected
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Janez DRNOVSEK (since 14 May 1992) was nominated by the president and elected by the National Assembly
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers was nominated by the prime minister and elected by the National Assembly
National Assembly
- elections last held 6 December 1992 (next to be held Fall 1996);
- results - percent of vote by party NA;
- seats - (90 total) LDS 22, SKD 15, ZLSD 14, SNS 12, SLS 10, DSS 6, ZS 5, SDSS 4, Hungarian minority 1, Italian minority 1;
- note - seating as of
January 1996 is as follows
LDS 30, SKD 15, ZLSD 14, SLS 12, DSS 4, SDSS 4, SNS 4, SND 3, Hungarian minority 1, Italian minority 1, independents 2
National Council
- the Council is an advisory body with no direct legislative powers;
- in the election of 6 December 1992, 40 members were elected to represent local, professional, and socioeconomic interests (next election to be held NA Fall 1996)
Judicial branch
- Supreme Court, judges are elected by the National Assembly on recommendation of the Judicial Council;
- Constitutional Court, judges elected for nine-year terms by the National Assembly and nominated by the president
Political parties and leaders
- Liberal Democratic (LDS), Janez DRNOVSEK, chairman;
- Slovene Christian Democrats (SKD), Lozje PETERLE, chairman;
- Social Democratic Party of Slovenia (SDSS), Janez JANSA, chairman;
- Slovene People's Party (SLS), Marjan PODOBNIK, chairman;
- United List (former Communists and allies - ZLSD), Janez KOCIJANCIC, chairman;
- Slovene National Party (SNS), Zmago JELINCIC, chairman;
- Democratic Party (DSS), Tone PERSAK, chairman;
- Greens of Slovenia (ZS), Dusan PLUT, chairman, note - Greens merged with the LDS;
- Slovene National Right (SND), Saso LAP, chairman
note: parties have changed as of the December 1992 elections
International organization participation
CCC, CE, CEI, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NACC, NAM (guest), OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in US
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Ernest PETRIC
- chancery:
- 1525 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
- telephone:
- [1] (202) 667-5363
US diplomatic representation
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Victor JACKOVICH
- embassy:
- address NA, Ljubljana
- mailing address:
- P.O. Box 254, Prazakova 4, 61000 Ljubljana; American Embassy, Ljubljana, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-7140
- telephone:
- [386] (61) 301-427, 472, 485
Flag
- three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red with the Slovenian seal (a shield with the image of Triglav in white against a blue background at the center, beneath it are two wavy blue lines depicting seas and rivers, and around it, there are three six-sided stars arranged in an inverted triangle);
- the seal is located in the upper hoist side of the flag centered in the white and blue bands
Economy
Slovenia appears to be making a solid economic | recovery, fulfilling the promise it showed at the time of | Yugoslavia's breakup.
21 fieldsGDP composition by sector(1992 est.)
Installed generating capacity, 2,700,000 kW
Economic overview
Slovenia appears to be making a solid economic recovery, fulfilling the promise it showed at the time of Yugoslavia's breakup. Its per capita GDP is now the highest in Central and Eastern Europe and not far below the levels in the poorer West European countries. Slovenia has benefited from strong ties to Western Europe and suffered comparatively small physical damage during Yugoslavia's breakup.
The beginning was difficult, however. Real GDP fell 15% in 1991-92, while inflation soared to 200% in 1992 and unemployment reached 9%. The turning point came in 1993, when real GDP grew 1%, unemployment leveled off, and inflation slowed dramatically. In 1994, real GDP rose 5.5%, tapering off to an estimated 4.8% in 1995, while inflation and unemployment both were down to about 8% by late 1995.
The government gets good marks from foreign observers for fiscal policy - the budget deficit has not exceeded 1% of GDP in any year since 1991, and the current account balance has remained in surplus throughout the transition period, with the exception of 1995. The Slovene privatization program, which began in 1994, involves about 1,400 firms, but only 412 have been privatized.
The rest are expected to reach private hands by end-1996, but that does not include firms in so-called strategic industries, such as telecommunications and energy. Foreign investment jumped to an estimated $150 million in 1995 from $83.7 million in 1994. With inflation and unemployment expected to continue edging down, the outlook for 1996 is generally good.
A slowdown in Western Europe - which buys 70% of Slovenia's exports - could hurt exports, however, lowering GDP growth to about 4% and perhaps pushing the current account into a small deficit.
Industries
ferrous metallurgy and rolling mill products, aluminum reduction and rolled products, lead and zinc smelting, electronics (including military electronics), trucks, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools
Exports
$8.3 billion (f.o.b., 1995 est.)
- commodities:
- machinery and transport equipment 27%, intermediate manufactured goods 26%, chemicals 9%, food 4.8%, raw materials 3%, consumer goods 26% (1993)
- partners:
- Germany 30.9%, former Yugoslavia 14.0%, Italy 14.1%, France 8.9%, Austria 6.4%, CEFTA (Central European Free Trade Agreement) countries 5% (January-August 1995 est.)
Imports
$9.1 billion (f.o.b., 1995 est.)
- commodities:
- machinery and transport equipment 30%, intermediate manufactured goods 17.6%, chemicals 11.5%, raw materials 5.3%, fuels and lubricants 10.8%, food 8.4% (1993)
- partners:
- Germany 23.3%, Italy 16.8%, former Yugoslavia 7.0%, France 8.5%, Austria 9.7% (January-August 1995 est.)
Exchange rates
tolars (SlT) per US$1 - 121.27 (November 1995), 118.9 (1995), 128.81 (1994), 113.24 (1993), 81.29 (1992), 27.57 (1991)
Transportation
7 fieldsAirports by runway lengthpaved left, unpaved right · 14 in all
Networkskm
Highways
- total:
- 14,794 km
- paved:
- 13,314 km (including 187 km of expressways)
- unpaved:
- 1,480 km (1994 est.)
Merchant marine
- total:
- 14 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 229,727 GRT/290,456 DWT (controlled by Slovenian owners)
- ships by type:
- bulk 9, cargo 1, container 4
note: ships operate under the flags of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Singapore, Liberia, and Antigua and Barbuda; no ships remain under the Slovenian flag (1995 est.)
Communications
Slovene Defense Forces
9 fieldsRadio broadcast stations
AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 0 note: there are more than 20 regional and local radio broadcast stations
Television broadcast stations
7 note: there are more than 20 local cable television broadcast stations
Manpower availability
- males age 15-49:
- 525,925
- males fit for military service:
- 419,456
- males reach military age (19) annually:
- 15,350 (1996 est.)
Cite this entry
Central Intelligence Agency. “Slovenia.” The World Factbook 1996. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/slovenia/1996.