The CIA World Factbook Edition 2016 Geography

Elevation In 29 editions of 36.

Elevation was published in 29 editions of the CIA World Factbook, from 1997 to 2025. The 2016 edition carries it in 260 entries, in its Geography section. Every entry is shown as that edition published it.

entries in the 2016 edition
260
the first edition with it
1997
the latest edition with it
2025

Published as “Elevation extremes” (1997 to 2015) and “Elevation” (2016 to 2025).

the entry has the field in that editionnot in that editionthe open editionEach entry below ends in its editions with Elevation, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down; choose one in a row to read that edition’s text there.

Entries with Elevation in each edition

19902000201020202025

Select a bar to open that edition.

World

1 entry

World

mean elevation:
840 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Bentley Subglacial Trench (Antarctica) -2,555 m (in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean)
highest point:
Mount Everest 8,850 m
top ten highest mountains (measured from sea level):
  • Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,850 m;
  • K2 (Pakistan) 8,611 m;
  • Kanchenjunga (India-Nepal) 8,598 m;
  • Lhotse (Nepal) 8,516 m;
  • Makalu (China-Nepal) 8,463 m;
  • Cho Oyu (China-Nepal) 8,201 m;
  • Dhaulagiri (Nepal) 8,167 m;
  • Manaslu (Nepal) 8,163 m;
  • Nanga Parbat (Pakistan) 8,125 m;
  • Anapurna (Nepal) 8,091 m

note: Mauna Kea (United States) is the world's tallest mountain as measured from base to summit; the peak of this volcanic colossus lies on the island of Hawaii, but its base begins more than 70 km offshore and at a depth of about 6,000 m; total height estimates range from 9,966 m to 10,203 m

highest point on each continent:
  • Asia - Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,850 m;
  • South America - Cerro Aconcagua (Argentina) 6,960 m;
  • North America - Denali (Mount McKinley) (United States) 6,190 m;
  • Africa - Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) 5,895 m;
  • Europe - El'brus (Russia) 5,633 m;
  • Antarctica - Vinson Massif 4,897 m;
  • Australia - Mount Kosciuszko 2,229 m
lowest point on each continent:
  • Antarctica - Bentley Subglacial Trench -2,555 m;
  • Asia - Dead Sea (Israel-Jordan) -408 m;
  • Africa - Lac Assal (Djibouti) -155 m;
  • South America - Laguna del Carbon (Argentina) -105 m;
  • North America - Death Valley (United States) -86 m;
  • Europe - Caspian Sea (Azerbaijan-Kazakhstan-Russia) -28 m;
  • Australia - Lake Eyre -15 m

Africa

56 entries

Algeria

mean elevation:
800 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Chott Melrhir -40 m
highest point:
Tahat 3,003 m

Angola

mean elevation:
1,112 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Moca 2,620 m

Benin

mean elevation:
273 m
elevation extremes:

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m

Mont Sokbaro 658 m

Botswana

mean elevation:
1,013 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers 513 m
highest point:
Tsodilo Hills 1,489 m

Burkina Faso

mean elevation:
297 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Mouhoun (Black Volta) River 200 m
highest point:
Tena Kourou 749 m

Burundi

mean elevation:
1,504 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Lake Tanganyika 772 m
highest point:
Heha 2,670 m

Cabo Verde

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Mt. Fogo 2,829 m (a volcano on Fogo Island)

Cameroon

mean elevation:
667 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Fako 4,095 m (on Cameroon Mountain)

Central African Republic

mean elevation:
635 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Oubangui River 335 m
highest point:
Mont Ngaoui 1,420 m

Chad

mean elevation:
543 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Djourab 160 m
highest point:
Emi Koussi 3,415 m

Comoros

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Karthala 2,360 m

Congo, Democratic Republic Of The now Democratic Republic of the Congo

mean elevation:
726 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Pic Marguerite on Mont Ngaliema (Mount Stanley) 5,110 m

Congo, Republic Of The now Republic of the Congo

mean elevation:
430 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Mount Berongou 903 m

Cote D'Ivoire now Cote d'Ivoire

mean elevation:
250 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Gulf of Guinea 0 m
highest point:
Monts Nimba 1,752 m

Djibouti

mean elevation:
430 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Lac Assal -155 m
highest point:
Moussa Ali 2,028 m

Egypt

mean elevation:
321 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Qattara Depression -133 m
highest point:
Mount Catherine 2,629 m

Equatorial Guinea

mean elevation:
577 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Pico Basile 3,008 m

Eritrea

mean elevation:
853 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: near Kulul within the Danakil Depression -75 m
highest point:
Soira 3,018 m

Swaziland now Eswatini

mean elevation:
305 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Great Usutu River 21 m
highest point:
Emlembe 1,862 m

Ethiopia

mean elevation:
1,330 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Danakil Depression -125 m
highest point:
Ras Dejen 4,533 m

Gabon

mean elevation:
377 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Mont Iboundji 1,575 m

Gambia, The now The Gambia

mean elevation:
34 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
unnamed elevation 53 m

Ghana

mean elevation:
190 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Mount Afadjato 885 m

Guinea

mean elevation:
472 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Mont Nimba 1,752 m

Guinea-Bissau

mean elevation:
70 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
unnamed elevation in the eastern part of the country 300 m

Kenya

mean elevation:
762 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Mount Kenya 5,199 m

Lesotho

mean elevation:
2,161 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: junction of the Orange and Makhaleng Rivers 1,400 m
highest point:
Thabana Ntlenyana 3,482 m

Liberia

mean elevation:
243 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Mount Wuteve 1,380 m

Libya

mean elevation:
423 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Sabkhat Ghuzayyil -47 m
highest point:
Bikku Bitti 2,267 m

Madagascar

mean elevation:
615 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Maromokotro 2,876 m

Malawi

mean elevation:
779 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: junction of the Shire River and international boundary with Mozambique 37 m
highest point:
Sapitwa (Mount Mlanje) 3,002 m

Mali

mean elevation:
343 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Senegal River 23 m
highest point:
Hombori Tondo 1,155 m

Mauritania

mean elevation:
276 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Sebkhet Te-n-Dghamcha -5 m
highest point:
Kediet Ijill 915 m

Mauritius

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Mont Piton 828 m

Morocco

mean elevation:
909 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Sebkha Tah -55 m
highest point:
Jebel Toubkal 4,165 m

Mozambique

mean elevation:
345 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Monte Binga 2,436 m

Namibia

mean elevation:
1,141 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Konigstein 2,606 m

Niger

mean elevation:
474 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Niger River 200 m
highest point:
Idoukal-n-Taghes 2,022 m

Nigeria

mean elevation:
380 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Chappal Waddi 2,419 m

Rwanda

mean elevation:
1,598 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Rusizi River 950 m
highest point:
Volcan Karisimbi 4,519 m

Saint Helena, Ascension, And Tristan Da Cunha now Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
  • Queen Mary's Peak on Tristan da Cunha 2,060 m;
  • Green Mountain on Ascension Island 859 m;
  • Mount Actaeon on Saint Helena Island 818 m

Sao Tome And Principe now Sao Tome and Principe

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m

Senegal

mean elevation:
69 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
unnamed elevation southwest of Kedougou 581 m

Seychelles

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Morne Seychellois 905 m

Sierra Leone

mean elevation:
279 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Loma Mansa (Bintimani) 1,948 m

Somalia

mean elevation:
410 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Shimbiris 2,416 m

South Africa

mean elevation:
1,034 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Njesuthi 3,408 m

South Sudan

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: NA
highest point:
Kinyeti 3,187 m

Sudan

mean elevation:
568 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Red Sea 0 m
highest point:
Jabal Marrah 3,071 m

Tanzania

mean elevation:
1,018 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Kilimanjaro 5,895 m (highest point in Africa)

Togo

mean elevation:
236 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Mont Agou 986 m

Tunisia

mean elevation:
246 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Shatt al Gharsah -17 m
highest point:
Jebel ech Chambi 1,544 m

Uganda

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Lake Albert 621 m
highest point:
Margherita Peak on Mount Stanley 5,110 m

Western Sahara

mean elevation:
256 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Sebjet Tah -55 m
highest point:
unnamed elevation 805 m

Zambia

mean elevation:
1,138 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Zambezi river 329 m
highest point:
unnamed elevation in Mafinga Hills 2,301 m

Zimbabwe

mean elevation:
961 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: junction of the Runde and Save Rivers 162 m
highest point:
Inyangani 2,592 m

Antarctic Region

5 entries

Antarctica

mean elevation:
2,300 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Bentley Subglacial Trench -2,540 m
highest point:
Vinson Massif 4,897 m

note: the lowest known land point in Antarctica is hidden in the Bentley Subglacial Trench; at its surface is the deepest ice yet discovered and the world's lowest elevation not under seawater

Bouvet Island

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: South Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Olav Peak 935 m

French Southern And Antarctic Lands now French Southern and Antarctic Lands

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point:
  • Mont de la Dives on Ile Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul) 867 m;
  • unnamed location on Ile Saint-Paul (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul) 272 m;
  • Pic Marion-Dufresne in Iles Crozet 1,090 m;
  • Mont Ross in Iles Kerguelen 1,850 m;
  • unnamed location on Bassas de India (Iles Eparses) 2.4 m;
  • unnamed location on Europa Island (Iles Eparses) 24 m;
  • unnamed location on Glorioso Islands (Iles Eparses) 12 m;
  • unnamed location on Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses) 10 m;
  • unnamed location on Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses) 7 m

Heard Island And Mcdonald Islands now Heard Island and McDonald Islands

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Mawson Peak on Big Ben volcano 2,745 m

South Georgia And South Sandwich Islands now South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Mount Paget (South Georgia) 2,934 m

Arctic Region

4 entries

Greenland

mean elevation:
1,792 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Gunnbjorn Fjeld 3,700 m

Iceland

mean elevation:
557 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Hvannadalshnukur 2,110 m (at Vatnajokull Glacier)

Jan Mayen

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Norwegian Sea 0 m
highest point:
Haakon VII Toppen on Beerenberg 2,277 m

note: Beerenberg volcano has numerous peaks; the highest point on the volcano rim is named Haakon VII Toppen, after Norway's first king following the reestablishment of Norwegian independence in 1905

Svalbard

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Arctic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Newtontoppen 1,717 m

Asia

23 entries

Afghanistan

mean elevation:
1,884 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Amu Darya 258 m
highest point:
Noshak 7,485 m

Armenia

mean elevation:
1,792 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Debed River 400 m
highest point:
Aragats Lerrnagagat' 4,090 m

Azerbaijan

mean elevation:
384 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caspian Sea -28 m
highest point:
Bazarduzu Dagi 4,485 m

Bangladesh

mean elevation:
85 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Keokradong 1,230 m

Bhutan

mean elevation:
2,220 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Drangeme Chhu 97 m
highest point:
Gangkar Puensum 7,570 m

British Indian Ocean Territory

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point:
unnamed location on Diego Garcia 15 m

China

mean elevation:
1,840 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Turpan Pendi -154 m
highest point:
Mount Everest 8,850 m (highest peak in Asia and highest point on earth above sea level)

Georgia

mean elevation:
1,432 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Black Sea 0 m
highest point:
Mt'a Shkhara 5,201 m

India

mean elevation:
160 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Kanchenjunga 8,598 m

Japan

mean elevation:
438 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Hachiro-gata -4 m
highest point:
Mount Fuji 3,776 m

Kazakhstan

mean elevation:
387 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Vpadina Kaundy -132 m
highest point:
Khan Tangiri Shyngy (Pik Khan-Tengri) 6,995 m

Korea, North now North Korea

mean elevation:
600 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Sea of Japan 0 m
highest point:
Paektu-san 2,744 m

Korea, South now South Korea

mean elevation:
282 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Sea of Japan 0 m
highest point:
Halla-san 1,950 m

Kyrgyzstan

mean elevation:
2,988 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Kara-Daryya (Karadar'ya) 132 m
highest point:
Jengish Chokusu (Pik Pobedy) 7,439 m

Maldives

mean elevation:
1.8 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point:
unnamed location on Viligili in the Addu Atholhu 2.4 m

Mongolia

mean elevation:
1,528 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Hoh Nuur 560 m
highest point:
Nayramadlin Orgil (Huyten Orgil) 4,374 m

Nepal

mean elevation:
2,565 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Kanchan Kalan 70 m
highest point:
Mount Everest 8,850 m (highest peak in Asia and highest point on earth above sea level)

Pakistan

mean elevation:
900 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point:
K2 (Mt. Godwin-Austen) 8,611 m

Russia

mean elevation:
600 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caspian Sea -28 m
highest point:
Gora El'brus 5,633 m (highest point in Europe)

Sri Lanka

mean elevation:
228 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Pidurutalagala 2,524 m

Tajikistan

mean elevation:
3,186 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Syr Darya (Sirdaryo) 300 m
highest point:
Qullai Ismoili Somoni 7,495 m

Turkmenistan

mean elevation:
230 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Vpadina Akchanaya -81 m (Sarygamysh Koli is a lake in northern Turkmenistan with a water level that fluctuates above and below the elevation of Vpadina Akchanaya, the lake has dropped as low as -110 m)
highest point:
Gora Ayribaba 3,139 m

Uzbekistan

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Sariqamish Kuli -12 m
highest point:
Adelunga Toghi 4,301 m

Central America and the Caribbean

33 entries

Anguilla

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point:
Crocus Hill 65 m

Antigua And Barbuda now Antigua and Barbuda

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point:
Mount Obama 402 m

Aruba

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point:
Ceru Jamanota 188 m

Bahamas, The now The Bahamas

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Mount Alvernia on Cat Island 63 m

Barbados

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Mount Hillaby 336 m

Belize

mean elevation:
173 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point:
Doyle's Delight 1,160 m

British Virgin Islands

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point:
Mount Sage 521 m

Cayman Islands

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point:
The Bluff on Cayman Brac 43 m

Costa Rica

mean elevation:
746 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Cerro Chirripo 3,810 m

Cuba

mean elevation:
108 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point:
Pico Turquino 1,974 m

Curacao

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point:
Mt. Christoffel 372 m

Dominica

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point:
Morne Diablotins 1,447 m

Dominican Republic

mean elevation:
424 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Lago Enriquillo -46 m
highest point:
Pico Duarte 3,175 m

El Salvador

mean elevation:
442 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Cerro El Pital 2,730 m

Grenada

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point:
Mount Saint Catherine 840 m

Guatemala

mean elevation:
759 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Volcan Tajumulco 4,211 m (highest point in Central America)

Haiti

mean elevation:
470 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point:
Chaine de la Selle 2,680 m

Honduras

mean elevation:
684 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point:
Cerro Las Minas 2,870 m

Jamaica

mean elevation:
18 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point:
Blue Mountain Peak 2,256 m

Montserrat

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point:
  • Soufriere Hills volcano pre-eruption height was 915 m;
  • current lava dome is subject to periodic build up and collapse;
  • estimated dome height was 1050 m in 2015

Navassa Island

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point:
unnamed elevation on southwest side 77 m

Nicaragua

mean elevation:
298 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Mogoton 2,438 m

Panama

mean elevation:
360 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Volcan Baru 3,475 m

Puerto Rico

mean elevation:
261 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point:
Cerro de Punta 1,338 m

Saint Barthelemy

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Morne du Vitet 286 m

Saint Kitts And Nevis now Saint Kitts and Nevis

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point:
Mount Liamuiga 1,156 m

Saint Lucia

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point:
Mount Gimie 950 m

Saint Martin

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Pic du Paradis 424 m

Saint Vincent And The Grenadines now Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point:
La Soufriere 1,234 m

Sint Maarten

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point:
Mount Flagstaff 386 m

Trinidad And Tobago now Trinidad and Tobago

mean elevation:
83 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point:
El Cerro del Aripo 940 m

Turks And Caicos Islands now Turks and Caicos Islands

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point:
Flamingo Hill 48 m

Virgin Islands

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point:
Crown Mountain 474 m

Europe

49 entries

Albania

mean elevation:
708 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
highest point:
Maja e Korabit (Golem Korab) 2,764 m

Andorra

mean elevation:
1,996 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Riu Runer 840 m
highest point:
Pic de Coma Pedrosa 2,946 m

Austria

mean elevation:
910 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Neusiedler See 115 m
highest point:
Grossglockner 3,798 m

Belarus

mean elevation:
160 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Nyoman River 90 m
highest point:
Dzyarzhynskaya Hara 346 m

Belgium

mean elevation:
181 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: North Sea 0 m
highest point:
Botrange 694 m

Bosnia And Herzegovina now Bosnia and Herzegovina

mean elevation:
500 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
highest point:
Maglic 2,386 m

Bulgaria

mean elevation:
472 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Black Sea 0 m
highest point:
Musala 2,925 m

Croatia

mean elevation:
331 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
highest point:
Dinara 1,831 m

Czechia

mean elevation:
433 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Labe (Elbe) River 115 m
highest point:
Snezka 1,602 m

Denmark

mean elevation:
34 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Lammefjord -7 m
highest point:
Mollehoj/Ejer Bavnehoj 171 m

Estonia

mean elevation:
61 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m
highest point:
Suur Munamagi 318 m

European Union

mean elevation:
about 300 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Lammefjord, Denmark -7 m; Zuidplaspolder, Netherlands -7 m
highest point:
Mont Blanc 4,807 m

Faroe Islands

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Slaettaratindur 882 m

Finland

mean elevation:
164 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m
highest point:
Halti (alternatively Haltia, Haltitunturi, Haltiatunturi) 1,328 m

France

mean elevation:
375 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Rhone River delta -2 m
highest point:
Mont Blanc 4,807 m

note: to assess the possible effects of climate change on the ice and snow cap of Mont Blanc, its surface and peak have been extensively measured in recent years; these new peak measurements have exceeded the traditional height of 4,807 m and have varied between 4,808 m and 4,811 m; the actual rock summit is 4,792 m and is 40 m away from the ice-covered summit

Germany

mean elevation:
263 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Neuendorf bei Wilster -3.54 m
highest point:
Zugspitze 2,963 m

Gibraltar

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point:
Rock of Gibraltar 426 m

Greece

mean elevation:
498 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point:
Mount Olympus 2,917 m

Guernsey

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
unnamed elevation on Sark 114 m

Holy See (Vatican City)

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Saint Peter's Square 19 m
highest point:
Vatican Gardens (Vatican Hill) 77 m

Hungary

mean elevation:
143 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Tisza River 78 m
highest point:
Kekes 1,014 m

Ireland

mean elevation:
118 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Carrauntoohil 1,041 m

Isle Of Man now Isle of Man

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Irish Sea 0 m
highest point:
Snaefell 621 m

Italy

mean elevation:
538 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point:
Mont Blanc (Monte Bianco) de Courmayeur 4,748 m (a secondary peak of Mont Blanc)

Jersey

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
unnamed elevation 143 m

Kosovo

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Drini i Bardhe/Beli Drim 297 m (located on the border with Albania)
highest point:
Gjeravica/Deravica 2,656 m

Latvia

mean elevation:
87 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m
highest point:
Gaizina Kalns 312 m

Liechtenstein

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Ruggeller Riet 430 m
highest point:
Vorder-Grauspitz 2,599 m

Lithuania

mean elevation:
110 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m
highest point:
Aukstojas 294 m

Luxembourg

mean elevation:
325 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Moselle River 133 m
highest point:
Buurgplaatz 559 m

Malta

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point:
Ta'Dmejrek 253 m (near Dingli)

Moldova

mean elevation:
139 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Dniester (Nistru) 2 m
highest point:
Dealul Balanesti 430 m

Monaco

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point:
Mont Agel 140 m

Montenegro

mean elevation:
1,086 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
highest point:
Bobotov Kuk 2,522 m

Netherlands

mean elevation:
30 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Zuidplaspolder -7 m
highest point:
Mount Scenery 862 m (on the island of Saba in the Caribbean, now considered an integral part of the Netherlands following the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles)

note: the highest point on continental Netherlands is Vaalserberg at 322 m

Macedonia now North Macedonia

mean elevation:
741 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Vardar River 50 m
highest point:
Golem Korab (Maja e Korabit) 2,764 m

Norway

mean elevation:
460 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Norwegian Sea 0 m
highest point:
Galdhopiggen 2,469 m

Poland

mean elevation:
173 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: near Raczki Elblaskie -2 m
highest point:
Rysy 2,499 m

Portugal

mean elevation:
372 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m

Romania

mean elevation:
414 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Black Sea 0 m
highest point:
Moldoveanu 2,544 m

San Marino

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m
highest point:
Monte Titano 755 m

Serbia

mean elevation:
442 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Danube and Timok Rivers 35 m
highest point:
Midzor 2,169 m

Slovakia

mean elevation:
458 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Bodrok River 94 m
highest point:
Gerlachovsky Stit 2,655 m

Slovenia

mean elevation:
492 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
highest point:
Triglav 2,864 m

Spain

mean elevation:
660 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Pico de Teide (Tenerife) on Canary Islands 3,718 m

Sweden

mean elevation:
320 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: reclaimed bay of Lake Hammarsjon, near Kristianstad -2.4 m
highest point:
Kebnekaise 2,111 m

Switzerland

mean elevation:
1,350 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Lake Maggiore 195 m
highest point:
Dufourspitze 4,634 m

Ukraine

mean elevation:
175 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Black Sea 0 m
highest point:
Hora Hoverla 2,061 m

United Kingdom

mean elevation:
162 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: The Fens -4 m
highest point:
Ben Nevis 1,343 m

Middle East

17 entries

Bahrain

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m
highest point:
Jabal ad Dukhan 122 m

Cyprus

mean elevation:
91 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point:
Mount Olympus 1,951 m

Gaza Strip

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point:
Abu 'Awdah (Joz Abu 'Awdah) 105 m

Iran

mean elevation:
1,305 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caspian Sea -28 m
highest point:
Kuh-e Damavand 5,671 m

Iraq

mean elevation:
312 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m
highest point:
Cheekha Dar (Kurdish for "Black Tent") 3,611 m

Israel

mean elevation:
508 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Dead Sea -408 m
highest point:
Har Meron 1,208 m

Jordan

mean elevation:
812 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Dead Sea -408 m
highest point:
Jabal Umm ad Dami 1,854 m

Kuwait

mean elevation:
108 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m
highest point:
unnamed elevation 306 m

Lebanon

mean elevation:
1,250 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point:
Qornet es Saouda 3,088 m

Oman

mean elevation:
310 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Arabian Sea 0 m
highest point:
Jabal Shams 2,980 m

Qatar

mean elevation:
28 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m
highest point:
Tuwayyir al Hamir 103 m

Saudi Arabia

mean elevation:
665 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m
highest point:
Jabal Sawda' 3,133 m

Syria

mean elevation:
514 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: unnamed location near Lake Tiberias -200 m
highest point:
Mount Hermon 2,814 m

Turkey now Turkiye

mean elevation:
1,132 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point:
Mount Ararat 5,166 m

United Arab Emirates

mean elevation:
149 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m
highest point:
Jabal Yibir 1,527 m

West Bank

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Dead Sea -408 m
highest point:
Tall Asur 1,022 m

Yemen

mean elevation:
999 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Arabian Sea 0 m
highest point:
Jabal an Nabi Shu'ayb 3,760 m

North America

6 entries

Bermuda

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Town Hill 76 m

Canada

mean elevation:
487 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Mount Logan 5,959 m

Clipperton Island

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Rocher Clipperton 29 m

Mexico

mean elevation:
1,111 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Laguna Salada -10 m
highest point:
Volcan Pico de Orizaba 5,675 m

Saint Pierre And Miquelon now Saint Pierre and Miquelon

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m

United States

mean elevation:
760 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Death Valley -86 m (lowest point in North America)
highest point:
Denali (Mount McKinley) 6,190 m (highest point in North America)

note: the peak of Mauna Kea (4,205 m above sea level) on the island of Hawaii rises about 10,200 m above the Pacific Ocean floor; by this measurement, it is the world's tallest mountain - higher than Mount Everest (8,850 m), which is recognized as the tallest mountain above sea level

Oceania

29 entries

American Samoa

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Lata Mountain 964 m

Australia

mean elevation:
330 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Lake Eyre -15 m
highest point:
Mount Kosciuszko 2,229 m

Cook Islands

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Te Manga 652 m

Coral Sea Islands

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
unnamed location on Cato Island 6 m

Fiji

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Tomanivi 1,324 m

French Polynesia

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Mont Orohena 2,241 m

Guam

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Mount Lamlam 406 m

Kiribati

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
unnamed elevation on Banaba 81 m

Marshall Islands

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
unnamed location on Likiep 10 m

Micronesia, Federated States Of now Federated States of Micronesia

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Dolohmwar (Totolom) 791 m

Midway Islands

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
unnamed location 13 m

Nauru

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
unnamed elevation along plateau rim 61 m

New Caledonia

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Mont Panie 1,628 m

New Zealand

mean elevation:
388 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Aoraki-Mount Cook 3,754 m

Niue

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
unnamed elevation near Mutalau settlement 68 m

Norfolk Island

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Mount Bates 319 m

Northern Mariana Islands

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
unnamed elevation on Agrihan 965 m

Palau

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Mount Ngerchelchuus 242 m

Papua New Guinea

mean elevation:
667 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Mount Wilhelm 4,509 m

Pitcairn Islands

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Big Ridge 347 m

Samoa

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Mount Silisili 1,857 m

Solomon Islands

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Mount Popomanaseu 2,310 m

Tokelau

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
unnamed location 5 m

Tonga

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
unnamed elevation on Kao Island 1,033 m

Tuvalu

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
unnamed location 5 m

United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges

elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
  • Baker Island, unnamed location - 8 m;
  • Howland Island, unnamed location - 3 m;
  • Jarvis Island, unnamed location - 7 m;
  • Johnston Atoll, Sand Island - 10 m;
  • Kingman Reef, unnamed location - less than 2 m;
  • Midway Islands, unnamed location - 13 m;
  • Palmyra Atoll, unnamed location - 3 m

Vanuatu

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Tabwemasana 1,877 m

Wake Island

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
unnamed location 6 m

Wallis And Futuna now Wallis and Futuna

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Mont Singavi (on Futuna) 765 m

South America

13 entries

Argentina

mean elevation:
595 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Laguna del Carbon -105 m (located between Puerto San Julian and Comandante Luis Piedra Buena in the province of Santa Cruz)
highest point:
Cerro Aconcagua 6,960 m (located in the northwestern corner of the province of Mendoza; highest point in South America)

Bolivia

mean elevation:
1,192 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Rio Paraguay 90 m
highest point:
Nevado Sajama 6,542 m

Brazil

mean elevation:
320 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Pico da Neblina 2,994 m

Chile

mean elevation:
1,871 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Nevado Ojos del Salado 6,880 m

Colombia

mean elevation:
593 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Pico Cristobal Colon 5,775 m

note: nearby Pico Simon Bolivar also has the same elevation

Ecuador

mean elevation:
1,117 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Chimborazo 6,267 m

note: because the earth is not a perfect sphere and has an equatorial bulge, the highest point on the planet farthest from its center is Mount Chimborazo not Mount Everest, which is merely the highest peak above sea level

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Mount Usborne 705 m

Guyana

mean elevation:
207 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Mount Roraima 2,835 m

Paraguay

mean elevation:
178 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: junction of Rio Paraguay and Rio Parana 46 m
highest point:
Cerro Pero 842 m

Peru

mean elevation:
1,555 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Nevado Huascaran 6,768 m

Suriname

mean elevation:
246 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: unnamed location in the coastal plain -2 m
highest point:
Juliana Top 1,230 m

Uruguay

mean elevation:
109 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Cerro Catedral 514 m

Venezuela

mean elevation:
450 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point:
Pico Bolivar 5,007 m

Southeast Asia

19 entries

Ashmore And Cartier Islands now Ashmore and Cartier Islands

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point:
unnamed location 3 m

Brunei

mean elevation:
478 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: South China Sea 0 m
highest point:
Bukit Pagon 1,850 m

Burma now Burma (Myanmar)

mean elevation:
702 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Andaman Sea/Bay of Bengal 0 m
highest point:
Gamlang Razi 5,870 m

Cambodia

mean elevation:
126 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m
highest point:
Phnum Aoral 1,810 m

Christmas Island

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Murray Hill 361 m

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point:
unnamed location 5 m

Hong Kong

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: South China Sea 0 m
highest point:
Tai Mo Shan 958 m

Indonesia

mean elevation:
367 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Puncak Jaya 4,884 m

Laos

mean elevation:
710 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Mekong River 70 m
highest point:
Phu Bia 2,817 m

Macau

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: South China Sea 0 m
highest point:
Coloane Alto 172 m

Malaysia

mean elevation:
419 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point:
Gunung Kinabalu 4,100 m

Paracel Islands

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: South China Sea 0 m
highest point:
unnamed location on Rocky Island 14 m

Philippines

mean elevation:
442 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Philippine Sea 0 m
highest point:
Mount Apo 2,954 m

Singapore

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Singapore Strait 0 m
highest point:
Bukit Timah 166 m

Spratly Islands

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: South China Sea 0 m
highest point:
unnamed location on Southwest Cay 4 m

Taiwan

mean elevation:
1,150 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: South China Sea 0 m
highest point:
Yu Shan 3,952 m

Thailand

mean elevation:
287 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m
highest point:
Doi Inthanon 2,576 m

Timor-Leste

mean elevation:
NA
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Timor Sea, Savu Sea, and Banda Sea 0 m
highest point:
Foho Tatamailau 2,963 m

Vietnam

mean elevation:
398 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: South China Sea 0 m
highest point:
Fan Si Pan 3,144 m

Oceans

5 entries

Arctic Ocean

mean depth:
-1,205 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Molloy Deep -5,607 m
highest point:
sea level 0 m

Atlantic Ocean

mean depth:
-3,646 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Milwaukee Deep in the Puerto Rico Trench -8,605 m
highest point:
sea level 0 m

Indian Ocean

mean depth:
-3,741 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Java Trench -7,258 m
highest point:
sea level 0 m

Pacific Ocean

mean depth:
-3,970 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench -10,924 m
highest point:
sea level 0 m

Southern Ocean

mean depth:
-3,270 m
elevation extremes:
lowest point: southern end of the South Sandwich Trench -7,235 m
highest point:
sea level 0 m

Cite this page

Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook 2016, “Elevation”, all entries. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/fields/elevation/2016.

How to cite