The CIA World Factbook Edition 2015 Geography
Elevation In 29 editions of 36.
Elevation was published in 29 editions of the CIA World Factbook, from 1997 to 2025. The 2015 edition carries it in 264 entries, in its Geography section, under the heading “Elevation extremes”. Every entry is shown as that edition published it.
- entries in the 2015 edition
- 264
- the first edition with it
- 1997
- the latest edition with it
- 2025
Published as “Elevation extremes” (1997 to 2015) and “Elevation” (2016 to 2025).
the entry has the field in that editionnot in that editionthe open editionEach entry below ends in its editions with Elevation, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down; choose one in a row to read that edition’s text there.
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Entries with Elevation in each edition
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World
1 entryWorld
- lowest point:
- Bentley Subglacial Trench (Antarctica) -2,555 m
note: in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean
- highest point:
- Mount Everest 8,850 m
- top ten highest mountains (measured from sea level):
- Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,850 m;
- K2 (Pakistan) 8,611 m;
- Kanchenjunga (India-Nepal) 8,598 m;
- Lhotse (Nepal) 8,516 m;
- Makalu (China-Nepal) 8,463 m;
- Cho Oyu (China-Nepal) 8,201 m;
- Dhaulagiri (Nepal) 8,167 m;
- Manaslu (Nepal) 8,163 m;
- Nanga Parbat (Pakistan) 8,125 m;
- Anapurna (Nepal) 8,091 m
note: Mauna Kea (United States) is the world's tallest mountain as measured from base to summit; the peak of this volcanic colossus lies on the island of Hawaii, but its base begins more than 70 km offshore and at a depth of about 6,000 m; total height estimates range from 9,966 m to 10,203 m
Africa
56 entriesBotswana
- lowest point:
- junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers 513 m
- highest point:
- Tsodilo Hills 1,489 m
Cabo Verde
- lowest point:
- Atlantic Ocean 0 m
- highest point:
- Mt. Fogo 2,829 m (a volcano on Fogo Island)
Congo, Democratic Republic Of The now Democratic Republic of the Congo
- lowest point:
- Atlantic Ocean 0 m
- highest point:
- Pic Marguerite on Mont Ngaliema (Mount Stanley) 5,110 m
Congo, Republic Of The now Republic of the Congo
- lowest point:
- Atlantic Ocean 0 m
- highest point:
- Mount Berongou 903 m
Guinea-Bissau
- lowest point:
- Atlantic Ocean 0 m
- highest point:
- unnamed elevation in the eastern part of the country 300 m
Lesotho
- lowest point:
- junction of the Orange and Makhaleng Rivers 1,400 m
- highest point:
- Thabana Ntlenyana 3,482 m
Malawi
- lowest point:
- junction of the Shire River and international boundary with Mozambique 37 m
- highest point:
- Sapitwa (Mount Mlanje) 3,002 m
Saint Helena, Ascension, And Tristan Da Cunha now Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha
- lowest point:
- Atlantic Ocean 0 m
- highest point:
- Queen Mary's Peak on Tristan da Cunha 2,060 m;
- Green Mountain on Ascension Island 859 m;
- Mount Actaeon on Saint Helena Island 818 m
Sao Tome And Principe now Sao Tome and Principe
- lowest point:
- Atlantic Ocean 0 m
- highest point:
- Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m
Senegal
- lowest point:
- Atlantic Ocean 0 m
- highest point:
- unnamed elevation southwest of Kedougou 581 m
Antarctic Region
4 entriesFrench Southern And Antarctic Lands now French Southern and Antarctic Lands
- lowest point:
- Indian Ocean 0 m
- highest point:
- Mont de la Dives on Ile Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul) 867 m;
- unnamed location on Ile Saint-Paul (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul) 272 m;
- Pic Marion-Dufresne in Iles Crozet 1,090 m;
- Mont Ross in Iles Kerguelen 1,850 m;
- unnamed location on Bassas de India (Iles Eparses) 2.4 m;
- unnamed location on Europa Island (Iles Eparses) 24 m;
- unnamed location on Glorioso Islands (Iles Eparses) 12 m;
- unnamed location on Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses) 10 m;
- unnamed location on Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses) 7 m
Heard Island And Mcdonald Islands now Heard Island and McDonald Islands
- lowest point:
- Indian Ocean 0 m
- highest point:
- Mawson Peak on Big Ben volcano 2,745 m
South Georgia And South Sandwich Islands now South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
- lowest point:
- Atlantic Ocean 0 m
- highest point:
- Mount Paget (South Georgia) 2,934 m
Arctic Region
4 entriesIceland
- lowest point:
- Atlantic Ocean 0 m
- highest point:
- Hvannadalshnukur 2,110 m (at Vatnajokull Glacier)
Jan Mayen
- lowest point:
- Norwegian Sea 0 m
- highest point:
- Haakon VII Toppen on Beerenberg 2,277 m
note: Beerenberg volcano has numerous peaks; the highest point on the volcano rim is named Haakon VII Toppen, after Norway's first king following the reestablishment of Norwegian independence in 1905
Asia
23 entriesBritish Indian Ocean Territory
- lowest point:
- Indian Ocean 0 m
- highest point:
- unnamed location on Diego Garcia 15 m
China
- lowest point:
- Turpan Pendi -154 m
- highest point:
- Mount Everest 8,850 m (highest peak in Asia and highest point on earth above sea level)
Kazakhstan
- lowest point:
- Vpadina Kaundy -132 m
- highest point:
- Khan Tangiri Shyngy (Pik Khan-Tengri) 6,995 m
Kyrgyzstan
- lowest point:
- Kara-Daryya (Karadar'ya) 132 m
- highest point:
- Jengish Chokusu (Pik Pobedy) 7,439 m
Maldives
- lowest point:
- Indian Ocean 0 m
- highest point:
- unnamed location on Viligili in the Addu Atholhu 2.4 m
Nepal
- lowest point:
- Kanchan Kalan 70 m
- highest point:
- Mount Everest 8,850 m (highest peak in Asia and highest point on earth above sea level)
Turkmenistan
- lowest point:
- Vpadina Akchanaya -81 m
note: Sarygamysh Koli is a lake in northern Turkmenistan with a water level that fluctuates above and below the elevation of Vpadina Akchanaya (the lake has dropped as low as -110 m)
- highest point:
- Gora Ayribaba 3,139 m
Central America and the Caribbean
33 entriesAntigua And Barbuda now Antigua and Barbuda
- lowest point:
- Caribbean Sea 0 m
- highest point:
- Boggy Peak 402 m
Bahamas, The now The Bahamas
- lowest point:
- Atlantic Ocean 0 m
- highest point:
- Mount Alvernia on Cat Island 63 m
Guatemala
- lowest point:
- Pacific Ocean 0 m
- highest point:
- Volcan Tajumulco 4,211 m
note: highest point in Central America
Montserrat
- lowest point:
- Caribbean Sea 0 m
- highest point:
- Soufriere Hills volcano pre-eruption height was 915 m;
- current lava dome is subject to periodic build up and collapse;
- estimated dome height was 1050 m in 2013
Saint Kitts And Nevis now Saint Kitts and Nevis
- lowest point:
- Caribbean Sea 0 m
- highest point:
- Mount Liamuiga 1,156 m
Saint Vincent And The Grenadines now Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- lowest point:
- Caribbean Sea 0 m
- highest point:
- La Soufriere 1,234 m
Trinidad And Tobago now Trinidad and Tobago
- lowest point:
- Caribbean Sea 0 m
- highest point:
- El Cerro del Aripo 940 m
Turks And Caicos Islands now Turks and Caicos Islands
- lowest point:
- Caribbean Sea 0 m
- highest point:
- Flamingo Hill 48 m
Europe
49 entriesAustria
Published as “Elevation extremes”
- lowest point:
- Neusiedler See 115 m
- highest point:
- Grossglockner 3,798 m
Published as “Elevation extremes”
- lowest point:
- Neusiedler See 115 m
- highest point:
- Grossglockner 3,798 m
Bosnia And Herzegovina now Bosnia and Herzegovina
- lowest point:
- Adriatic Sea 0 m
- highest point:
- Maglic 2,386 m
European Union
- lowest point:
- Lammefjord, Denmark -7 m; Zuidplaspolder, Netherlands -7 m
- highest point:
- Mont Blanc 4,807 m; note - situated on the border between France and Italy
Finland
- lowest point:
- Baltic Sea 0 m
- highest point:
- Halti (alternatively Haltia, Haltitunturi, Haltiatunturi) 1,328 m
France
- lowest point:
- Rhone River delta -2 m
- highest point:
- Mont Blanc 4,807 m
note: to assess the possible effects of climate change on the ice and snow cap of Mont Blanc, its surface and peak have been extensively measured in recent years; these new peak measurements have exceeded the traditional height of 4,807 m and have varied between 4,808 m and 4,811 m; the actual rock summit is 4,792 m and is 40 m away from the ice-covered summit
Italy
- lowest point:
- Mediterranean Sea 0 m
- highest point:
- Mont Blanc (Monte Bianco) de Courmayeur 4,748 m (a secondary peak of Mont Blanc)
Kosovo
- lowest point:
- Drini i Bardhe/Beli Drim 297 m (located on the border with Albania)
- highest point:
- Gjeravica/Deravica 2,656 m
Netherlands
- lowest point:
- Zuidplaspolder -7 m
- highest point:
- Mount Scenery 862 m (on the island of Saba in the Caribbean, now considered an integral part of the Netherlands following the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles)
note: the highest point on continental Netherlands is Vaalserberg at 322 m
Macedonia now North Macedonia
- lowest point:
- Vardar River 50 m
- highest point:
- Golem Korab (Maja e Korabit) 2,764 m
Portugal
- lowest point:
- Atlantic Ocean 0 m
- highest point:
- Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m
Spain
- lowest point:
- Atlantic Ocean 0 m
- highest point:
- Pico de Teide (Tenerife) on Canary Islands 3,718 m
Sweden
- lowest point:
- reclaimed bay of Lake Hammarsjon, near Kristianstad -2.4 m
- highest point:
- Kebnekaise 2,111 m
Middle East
17 entriesNorth America
6 entriesSaint Pierre And Miquelon now Saint Pierre and Miquelon
- lowest point:
- Atlantic Ocean 0 m
- highest point:
- Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m
United States
- lowest point:
- Death Valley -86 m
- highest point:
- Denali (Mount McKinley) 6,194 m (highest point in North America)
note: the peak of Mauna Kea (4,205 m above sea level) on the island of Hawaii rises about 10,200 m above the Pacific Ocean floor; by this measurement, it is the world's tallest mountain - higher than Mount Everest (8,850 m), which is recognized as the tallest mountain above sea level
Oceania
34 entriesMicronesia, Federated States Of now Federated States of Micronesia
- lowest point:
- Pacific Ocean 0 m
- highest point:
- Dolohmwar (Totolom) 791 m
Northern Mariana Islands
- lowest point:
- Pacific Ocean 0 m
- highest point:
- unnamed elevation on Agrihan 965 m
United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges
- lowest point:
- Pacific Ocean 0 m
- highest point:
- Baker Island, unnamed location - 8 m;
- Howland Island, unnamed location - 3 m;
- Jarvis Island, unnamed location - 7 m;
- Johnston Atoll, Sand Island - 10 m;
- Kingman Reef, unnamed location - less than 2 m;
- Midway Islands, unnamed location - 13 m;
- Palmyra Atoll, unnamed location - 3 m
Wallis And Futuna now Wallis and Futuna
- lowest point:
- Pacific Ocean 0 m
- highest point:
- Mont Singavi (on Futuna) 765 m
South America
13 entriesArgentina
- lowest point:
- Laguna del Carbon -105 m (located between Puerto San Julian and Comandante Luis Piedra Buena in the province of Santa Cruz)
- highest point:
- Cerro Aconcagua 6,960 m (located in the northwestern corner of the province of Mendoza; highest point in South America)
Colombia
- lowest point:
- Pacific Ocean 0 m
- highest point:
- Pico Cristobal Colon 5,775 m
note: nearby Pico Simon Bolivar also has the same elevation
Ecuador
- lowest point:
- Pacific Ocean 0 m
- highest point:
- Chimborazo 6,267 m
note: because the earth is not a perfect sphere and has an equatorial bulge, the highest point on the planet furthest from its center is Mount Chimborazo not Mount Everest, which is merely the highest peak above sea level
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
- lowest point:
- Atlantic Ocean 0 m
- highest point:
- Mount Usborne 705 m
Southeast Asia
19 entriesAshmore And Cartier Islands now Ashmore and Cartier Islands
- lowest point:
- Indian Ocean 0 m
- highest point:
- unnamed location 3 m
Burma now Burma (Myanmar)
- lowest point:
- Andaman Sea/Bay of Bengal 0 m
- highest point:
- Gamlang Razi 5,870 m
Paracel Islands
- lowest point:
- South China Sea 0 m
- highest point:
- unnamed location on Rocky Island 14 m
Spratly Islands
- lowest point:
- South China Sea 0 m
- highest point:
- unnamed location on Southwest Cay 4 m
Timor-Leste
- lowest point:
- Timor Sea, Savu Sea, and Banda Sea 0 m
- highest point:
- Foho Tatamailau 2,963 m
Oceans
5 entriesAtlantic Ocean
- lowest point:
- Milwaukee Deep in the Puerto Rico Trench -8,605 m
- highest point:
- sea level 0 m
Pacific Ocean
- lowest point:
- Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench -10,924 m
- highest point:
- sea level 0 m
Southern Ocean
- lowest point:
- southern end of the South Sandwich Trench -7,235 m
- highest point:
- sea level 0 m
Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook 2015, “Elevation”, all entries. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/fields/elevation/2015.