Mali

• subtropical to arid;
• hot and dry (February to June);
• rainy, humid, and mild (June to November);
• cool and dry (November to February)

total:

6.55 cu km/yr (9%/1%/90%)

per capita:

484 cu m/yr (2000)

• hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons;
• recurring droughts;
• occasional Niger River flooding

• deforestation;
• soil erosion;
• desertification;
• inadequate supplies of potable water;
• poaching

party to:

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:

none of the selected agreements

• landlocked;
• divided into three natural zones: the southern, cultivated Sudanese;
• the central, semiarid Sahelian;
• and the northern, arid Saharan

at birth:

1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:

1.02 male(s)/female

15-64 years:

0.99 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.64 male(s)/female

total population:

0.99 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

degree of risk:

very high

food or waterborne diseases:

bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

vectorborne disease:

malaria

water contact disease:

schistosomiasis

respiratory disease:

meningococcal meningitis (2009)

noun:

Malian(s)

adjective:

Malian

conventional long form:

Republic of Mali

conventional short form:

Mali

local long form:

Republique de Mali

local short form:

Mali

former:

French Sudan and Sudanese Republic

name:

Bamako

geographic coordinates:

12 39 N, 8 00 W

time difference:

UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

• based on French civil law system and customary law;
• judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court;
• has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

chief of state:

President Amadou Toumani TOURE (since 8 June 2002)

head of government:

Prime Minister Modibo SIDIBE (since 28 September 2007)

cabinet:

Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister

elections:

• president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term);
• election last held on 29 April 2007 (next to be held in April 2012);
• prime minister appointed by the president

election results:

Amadou Toumani TOURE reelected president; percent of vote - Amadou Toumani TOURE 71.2%, Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA 19.2%, other 9.6%

• Alliance for Democratic Change (political group comprised mainly of Tuareg from Mali's northern region);
• African Solidarity for Democracy and Independence or SADI [Oumar MARIKO, secretary general];
• Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP (a coalition of political parties including ADEMA and URD formed in December 2006 to support the presidential candidacy of Amadou TOURE);
• Alliance for Democracy or ADEMA [Diounconda TRAORE];
• Convergence 2007 [Soumeylou Boubeye MAIGA];
• Front for Democracy and the Republic or FDR (a coalition of political parties including RPM and PARENA formed to oppose the presidential candidacy of Amadou TOURE);
• National Congress for Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL];
• Party for Democracy and Progress or PDP [Mady KONATE];
• Party for National Renewal or PARENA [Tiebile DRAME];
• Patriotic Movement for Renewal or MPR [Choguel MAIGA];
• Rally for Democracy and Labor or RDT [Amadou Ali NIANGADOU];
• Rally for Mali or RPM [Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA];
• Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally or US/RDA [Mamadou Basir GOLOGO];
• Union for Democracy and Development or UDD [Moussa Balla COULIBALY];
• Union for Republic and Democracy or URD [Soumaila CISSE]

other:

• the army;
• Islamic authorities;
• rebels in the northern region;
• state-run cotton company CMDT;
• tuaregs

chief of mission:

Ambassador Abdoulaye DIOP

chancery:

2130 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:

[1] (202) 332-2249, 939-8950

FAX:

[1] (202) 332-6603

chief of mission:

Ambassador Gillian A. MILOVANOVIC

embassy:

located just off the Roi Bin Fahad Aziz Bridge just west of the Bamako central district

mailing address:

ACI 2000, Rue 243, Porte 297, Bamako

telephone:

[223] 270-2300

FAX:

[223] 270-2479

agriculture:

80%

industry and services:

20% (2005 est.)

lowest 10%:

2.7%

highest 10%:

30.5% (2006)

• food processing;
• construction;
• phosphate and gold mining

general assessment:

domestic system unreliable but improving; provides only minimal service

domestic:

• fixed-line subscribership remains less than 1 per 100 persons;
• increasing use of local radio loops to extend network coverage to remote areas;
• mobile-cellular subscribership has increased sharply to about 25 per 100 persons

international:

country code - 223; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean, 1 Indian Ocean) (2008)

total:

593 km

country comparison to the world: 112

narrow gauge:

593 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

total:

18,709 km

country comparison to the world: 114

paved:

3,368 km

unpaved:

15,341 km (2004)

males age 16-49:

2,603,700

females age 16-49:

2,441,776 (2008 est.)

males age 16-49:

1,649,772

females age 16-49:

1,579,601 (2009 est.)

male:

147,846

female:

140,543 (2009 est.)