Tajikistan

republicIndependence 9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Tajikistan as the 1992 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 74 fields, one of 34 editions from 1992 to 2025.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalDushanbe

Area143,100 km2

Populationas each edition published it

5.68 million July 1992 · 10.59m in 2025

Population growth% a year

Not in this edition 2.72% in 1993

Median ageyears

Not in this edition 19.3 yrs in 2003

Life expectancyyears at birth

Not in this edition 68.5 yrs in 1993

Fertility ratechildren per woman

5.3 children per woman 1992 · 3.52 in 2025

Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births

74 deaths per 1,000 live births 1992 · 20.3 in 2025

GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars

Not in this edition $1,180 in 1994

GDP real growth% a year

Not in this edition -34% in 1993

Geography

13 fields

Total area

143,100km2

Comparative area: slightly smaller than Wisconsin

Land boundaries

3,651km total

Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km

Climate

midlatitude semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains

Terrain

Pamir and Alay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kafirnigan and Vakhsh Valleys in southeast

Natural resources

significant hydropower potential, petroleum, uranium, mercury, small production of petroleum, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten

Land use

6% arable land;
NA% permanent crops;
NA% meadows and pastures;
NA% forest and woodland;
NA% other;
includes NA% irrigated

People

14 fields

Population

5,680,242

(July 1992), growth rate 3.0% (1992)

Per 1,000 population(1992)

Birth

40Death

8Net migration

-1

Ethnic divisions

Tajik 62%Uzbek 24%Russian 8%Tatar 2%other 4%

Religions

Sunni Muslim approximately 80%, Shi`a Muslim 5%

Literacy

NA% (male NA%, female NA%) age 15 and over can read and write

Labor force

1,938,000; agriculture and forestry 43%, industry and construction 22%, other 35% (1990)

Government

Republic

20 fields

Presidential electionpercent of vote

99%

Communist Party 99%other 1%

Administrative divisions

3 oblasts (oblastey, singular - oblast') and one autonomous oblast*;
Gorno-Badakhshan*;
Kurgan-Tyube, Kulyab, Leninabad (Khudzhand);
note - the rayons around Dushanbe are under direct republic jurisdiction;
an oblast usually has the same name as its administrative center (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)

Independence

9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union); formerly Tajikistan Soviet Socialist Republic

Legal system

based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts

Leaders

Chief of State:: President Rakhman NABIYEV (since NA September 1991);
note - a government of National Reconciliation was formed in May 1992;
NABIYEV is titular head
Head of Government:: Prime Minister Akbar MIRZOYEV (since 10 January 1992); First Deputy Prime Minister Davlat USMON

Political parties and leaders

Tajik Democratic Party, Shodmon YUSUF, chairman;
Rastokhez (Rebirth), Tohir ABDULJABAR, chairman;
Islamic Revival Party, Sharif HIMMOT-ZODA, chairman

Elections

President:: last held 27 October 1991 (next to be held NA);
results - Rakhman NABIYEV, Communist Party 60%;
Daolat KHUDONAZAROV, Democratic Party, Islamic Rebirth Party and Rastokhoz Party 30%
Supreme Soviet:: last held 25 February 1990 (next to be held NA);
results - Communist Party 99%, other 1%;
seats - (230 total) Communist Party 227, other 3

Other political or pressure groups

Kazi Kolon, Akbar TURAJON-SODA, Muslim leader

Diplomatic representation

US:: Ambassador-designate Stan ESCUDERO;
Embassy at Interim Chancery, #39 Ainii Street;
Residences: Oktyabrskaya Hotel, Dushanbe (mailing address is APO AE 09862);
telephone [8] (011) 7-3772-24-32-23

Flag

NA; still in the process of designing one

Economy

Tajikistan has had the lowest standard of living and now faces the bleakest | economic prospects of the 15 former Soviet republics.

17 fields

Inflation, consumer prices

84%

(1991)

Unemployment rate

25%

(1991 est.)

External debt

$650million

(end of 1991 est.)

Tajikistan has had the lowest standard of living and now faces the bleakest economic prospects of the 15 former Soviet republics. Agriculture is the main economic sector, normally accounting for 38% of employment and featuring cotton and fruits. Industry is sparse, bright spots including electric power and aluminum production based on the country's sizable hydropower resources and a surprising specialty in the production of metal-cutting machine tools.

In 1991 and early 1992, disruptions in food supplies from the outside have severely strained the availability of food throughout the republic. The combination of the poor food supply, the general disruption of industrial links to suppliers and markets, and political instability have meant that the republic's leadership could make little progress in economic reform in 1991 and early 1992.

GDP

$NA, per capita $NA; real growth rate -9% (1991 est.)

Budget

$NA

Exports

$706 million (1990)

commodities:: aluminum, cotton, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles
partners:: Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan

Imports

$1.3 billion (1990)

commodities:: chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, textiles, foodstuffs
partners:: NA

Industrial production

growth rate -2.0% (1991)

Electricity

4,575,000 kW capacity; 17,500 million kWh produced, 3,384 kWh per capita (1991)

Industries

aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers

Agriculture

cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, pigs, sheep and goats, yaks

Illicit drugs

illicit producers of cannabis and opium;
mostly for domestic consumption;
status of government eradication programs unknown;
used as transshipment points for illicit drugs to Western Europe

Economic aid

Currency

as of May 1992, retaining ruble as currency

Exchange rates

Fiscal year

calendar year

Communications

7 fields

Railroads

480 km all 1.520-meter (broad) gauge (includes NA km electrified);
does not include industrial lines (1990);
258 km between Dushanbe (Tajikistan) and Termez (Uzbekistan), connects with the railroad system of the other republics of the former Soviet Union at Tashkent in Uzbekistan

Highways

29,900 km total (1990); 24,400 km hard surfaced, 8,500 km earth

Inland waterways

NA km perennially navigable

Pipelines

Civil air

Airports

Telecommunications

poorly developed;
telephone density NA;
linked by landline or microwave with other CIS member states and by leased connections via the Moscow international gateway switch to other countries;
satellite earth stations - Orbita and INTELSAT (TV receive only)