Tajikistan

republicIndependence 9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Tajikistan as the 1994 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 120 fields, one of 34 editions from 1992 to 2025.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalDushanbe
LocationCentral Asia, between Uzbekistan and China
1994

Every edition of Tajikistan

Populationas each edition published it
6 million July 1994 est. · 5.68m in 1992
Population growth% a year
2.67% 1994 est. · 2.72% in 1993
Median ageyears
Not in this edition 19.3 yrs in 2003
Life expectancyyears at birth
Not in this edition 68.5 yrs in 1993
Fertility ratechildren per woman
4.62 children per woman 1994 est. · 5.3 in 1992
Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births
62 deaths per 1,000 live births 1994 est. · 74 in 1992
GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars
$1,180 1993 est. · $4,800 in 2025
GDP real growth% a year
-21% 1993 est. · -34% in 1993

Geography

Central Asia, between Uzbekistan and China

22 fields
Coastline
0km
(landlocked)Maritime claims: none; landlocked
Land boundaries
3,651km
total · Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km
Irrigated land
6,940sq km
(1990)

Location

Central Asia, between Uzbekistan and China

Map references

Asia, Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian States, Standard Time Zones of the World

total area

143,100 sq km

land area

142,700 sq km

comparative area

slightly smaller than Wisconsin

International disputes

  • boundary with China in dispute;
  • territorial dispute with Kyrgyzstan on northern boundary in Isfara Valley area;
  • Afghanistan's and other foreign support to Tajik rebels based in northern Afghanistan

Climate

midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains

Terrain

Pamir and Alay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest

Natural resources

significant hydropower potential, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten

arable land

6%

permanent crops

0%

meadows and pastures

23%

forest and woodland

0%

other

71%

current issues

  • inadequate sanitation facilities;
  • increasing levels of soil salinity;
  • industrial pollution;
  • excessive pesticides;
  • Tajikistan is part of the basin of the shrinking Aral Sea which suffers from severe overutilization of available water for irrigation and associated pollution

natural hazards

NA

international agreements

NA

Note

landlocked

People

21 fields
Population
5,995,469
(July 1994 est.)growth rate: 2.67% (1994 est.)

Per 1,000 population(1994 est.)

Birth
34.79Death
6.71Net migration
-1.43

Ethnic divisions

Tajik 64.9%Uzbek 25%Russian 3.5% (declining because of emigration)other 6.6%
Labor force
1.95million
(1992)
Literacy
9
age · -49 can read and write (1970)

Infant mortality rate

62 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)

total population

68.76 years

male

65.88 years

female

71.79 years (1994 est.)

Total fertility rate

4.62 children born/woman (1994 est.)

noun

Tajik(s)

adjective

Tajik

Religions

Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi'a Muslim 5%

Languages

Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business

total population

100%

male

100%

female

99%

by occupation

agriculture and forestry 43%, government and services 24%, industry 14%, trade and communications 11%, construction 8% (1990)

Government

Republic

34 fields

Presidential electionpercent of vote

99%
Communist Party 99%other 1%

Legislature, 230 seatsone dot, one seat

Communist Party 227other 3

conventional long form

Republic of Tajikistan

conventional short form

Tajikistan

local long form

Respublika i Tojikiston

local short form

none

former

Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic

Type

republic

Capital

Dushanbe

Administrative divisions

  • 2 oblasts (viloyotho, singular - viloyat) and one autonomous oblast* (viloyati avtonomii);
  • Viloyati Avtonomii Badakhshoni Kuni* (Khorugh - formerly Khorog), Viloyati Khatlon (Qurghonteppa - formerly Kurgan-Tyube), Viloyati Leninobad (Khujand - formerly Leninabad)

note

the administrative center names are in parentheses

Independence

9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

National holiday

National Day, 9 September (1991)

Constitution

a referendum on new constitution planned for June 1994

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

chief of state

  • Head of State and Assembly Chairman Emomili RAKHMONOV (since NA November 1992);
  • election last held 27 October 1991 (next to be held NA September 1994);
  • results - Rakhman NABIYEV, Communist Party 60%;
  • Davlat KHUDONAZAROV, Democratic Party, Islamic Rebirth Party and Rastokhoz Party 30%

head of government

Prime Minister Abdujalil SAMADOV (since 27 December 993)

cabinet

Council of Ministers

note

  • the presidency was abolished in November 1992, when RAKHMANOV became head of state;
  • a referendum on presidential or parliamentary system is planned for June 1994

Supreme Soviet

  • elections last held 25 February 1990 (next to be held NA September 1994);
  • results - Communist Party 99%, other 1%;
  • seats - (230 total) Communist Party 227, other 3

Judicial branch

Prosecutor General

Political parties and leaders

  • Communist Party (Tajik Socialist Party - TSP), Shodi SHABDOLOV, chairman;
  • Tajik Democratic Party (TDP), Shodmon YUSUF;
  • Islamic Revival Party (IRP), Mohammed Sharif HIMOTZODA, Davat OUSMAN;
  • Rastokhez Movement, Tohir ABDUJABBAR;
  • Lali Badakhshan Society, Atobek AMIRBEK

note

all the above-listed parties but the Communist Party were banned in June 1993

Other political or pressure groups

Tajikistan Opposition Movement based in northern Afghanistan

Member of

CIS, CSCE, EBRD, ECO, ESCAP, IBRD, IDA, IDB, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), IOC, NACC, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, WHO, WMO

chief of mission

NA

chancery

NA

chief of mission

Ambassador Stanley T. ESCUDERO

embassy

Hotel October, 105A Rudaki Prospect, Dushanbe

mailing address

use embassy street address

telephone

[7] (3772) 21-03-56 and 21-03-60

Flag

  • three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green;
  • a crown surmounted by seven five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe

Economy

26 fields
GDP per capita, PPP
$1,180
(1993 est.)
Real growth rate
-21%
(1993 est.)industrial production growth: growth rate -20% (1993 est.)
Inflation, consumer prices
38%per month
(1993 average)
Unemployment rate
1.1%
includes only officially registered unemployed; also large numbers of underemployed workers and unregistered unemployed people

Overview

Tajikistan had the lowest per capita GDP in the former USSR, the highest rate of population growth, and the lowest standard of living. Its economy at the start of 1994 is producing at roughly the 1989 level and faces urgent reconstruction tasks from the 1992 civil war. Tajikistan's economy was severely disrupted by the breakup of the Soviet economy, which provided guaranteed trade relations and heavy subsidies and in which specialized tasks were assigned to each republic.

Its economy is highly agricultural (43% of the work force); it has specialized in growing cotton for export and must import a large share of its food. Its industry (14% of the work force) produces aluminum, hydropower, machinery, and household appliances. Nearly all petroleum products must be imported.

Constant political turmoil and continued dominance of former Communist officials have slowed the process of economic reform and brought near economic collapse while limiting foreign assistance. Tajikistan is in the midst of a prolonged monetary crisis in which it is attempting to continue to use the Russian ruble as its currency while its neighbors have switched to new independent currencies; Russia is unwilling to advance sufficient rubles without attaching stringent reform conditions.

National product

GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $6.9 billion (1993 estimate from the UN International Comparison Program, as extended to 1991 and published in the World Bank's World Development Report 1993; and as extrapolated to 1993 using official Tajik statistics, which are very uncertain because of major economic changes since 1990)

revenues

$NA

expenditures

$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

Exports

$263 million to outside the FSU countries (1993)

commodities

cotton, aluminum, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles

partners

Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan

Imports

$371 million from outside the FSU countries (1993)

commodities

fuel, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, textiles, foodstuffs

partners

Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan

capacity

4,585,000 kW

production

16.8 billion kWh

consumption per capita

2,879 kWh (1992)

Industries

aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers

Agriculture

cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep and goats

Illicit drugs

  • illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy;
  • mostly for CIS consumption;
  • limited government eradication programs;
  • used as transshipment points for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia to Western Europe and North America

recipient

  • Russia reportedly provided substantial general assistance throughout 1993 and continues to provide assistance in 1994;
  • Western aid and credits promised through the end of 1993 were $700 million but disbursements were only $104 million;
  • large scale development loans await IMF approval of a reform and stabilization plan

Currency

1 ruble (R) = 100 kopeks; acquiring new Russian rubles as currency under December 1993 agreement

Fiscal year

calendar year

Communications

14 fields

Railroads

480 km; does not include industrial lines (1990)

total

29,900 km

paved

21,400 km

unpaved

earth 8,500 km (1990)

Pipelines

natural gas 400 km (1992)

Ports

none; landlocked

total

58

usable

30

with permanent-surface runways

12

with runways over 3,659 m

0

with runways 2,440-3,659 m

4

with runways 1,060-2,439 m

13

note

a C-130 can land on a 1,060-m airstrip

Telecommunications

  • poorly developed and not well maintained;
  • many towns are not reached by the national network;
  • 303,000 telephone circuits (December 1991);
  • telephone density about 55 per 1000 persons(1951);
  • linked by cable and microwave to other CIS republics, and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch;
  • Dushanbe linked by INTELSAT to international gateway switch in Ankara;
  • satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 2 INTELSAT (one INTELSAT earth station provides TV receive-only service from Turkey)

Defense Forces

Army (being formed), National Guard, Security Forces (internal and | border troops)

3 fields

Branches

Army (being formed), National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border troops)

Manpower availability

  • males age 15-49 1,361,143;
  • fit for military service 1,116,246;
  • reach military age (18) annually 57,681 (1994 est.)

Defense expenditures

$NA, NA% of GDP

Central Intelligence Agency. “Tajikistan.” The World Factbook 1994. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/tajikistan/1994.

How to cite ← 1993 edition 1995 edition →