Tajikistan

Republic of TajikistanJumhurii Tojikistan

republicIndependence 9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Tajikistan as the 1996 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 86 fields, one of 34 editions from 1992 to 2025.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalDushanbe

Position39 00 N, 71 00 E

Area143,100 sq km

LocationCentral Asia, west of China

Populationas each edition published it

5.92 million July 1996 est. · 5.68m in 1992

Population growth% a year

1.54% 1996 est. · 2.72% in 1993

Median ageyears

Not in this edition 19.3 yrs in 2003

Life expectancyyears at birth

64.45 years 1996 est. · 68.5 yrs in 1993

Fertility ratechildren per woman

4.38 children per woman 1996 est. · 5.3 in 1992

Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births

113.1 deaths per 1,000 live births 1996 est. · 74 in 1992

GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars

$1,040 1995 est. · $1,180 in 1994

GDP real growth% a year

-12.4% 1995 est. · -34% in 1993

Geography

Central Asia, west of China

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Land useshare of 143,100 sq km

arable land 6%permanent crops 0%meadows and pastures 23%forest and woodland 0%other 71%irrigated 6,940 sq km (1990)

Area

143,100sq km

land area: 142,700 sq kmcomparative area: slightly smaller than Wisconsin

Coastline

0km

(landlocked)Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

Land boundaries

3,651km

border countries: Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km

International disputes

boundary with China in dispute;
territorial dispute with Kyrgyzstan on northern boundary in Isfara Valley area;
Afghanistan's and other foreign support to Islamic fighters in Tajikistan's civil war based in northern Afghanistan

Climate

midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains

Terrain

Pamir and Altai Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest

lowest point:: Syrdariya 300 m
highest point:: Qullai Kommunizm 7,495 m

Natural resources

significant hydropower potential, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten

Environment

current issues:: inadequate sanitation facilities;
increasing levels of soil salinity;
industrial pollution;
excessive pesticides;
part of the basin of the shrinking Aral Sea suffers from severe overutilization of available water for irrigation and associated pollution
natural hazards:: NA
international agreements:: NA

People

15 fields

Population

5,916,373

(July 1996 est.)growth rate: 1.54% (1996 est.)

Per 1,000 population(1996 est.)

Birth

33.78Death

8.43Net migration

-9.93

Male · female(1996 est.)

TotalMale · femaleLife expectancy years64.45

60.84 · 68.24

TotalMale · femaleLiteracy98%

99% · 97%

MaleFemaleLiteracy age 15 and over can read and write (1989 est.)

Ethnic divisions

Tajik 64.9%Uzbek 25%Russian 3.5% (declining because of emigration)other 6.6%

Age structure

0-14 years:: 43% (male 1,282,846; female 1,258,302)
15-64 years:: 53% (male 1,546,264; female 1,566,365)
65 years and over:: 4% (male 110,705; female 151,891) (July 1996 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth:: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years:: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years:: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over:: 0.73 male(s)/female
all ages:: 0.99 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

Infant mortality rate

113.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

Nationality

noun:: Tajik(s)
adjective:: Tajik

Languages

Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business

Government

Republic; President Emomali RAHMONOV (since 6 November 1994; Prime Minister Yahyo AZIMOV (since 8 February 1996) was appointed by the president

21 fields

Presidential electionpercent of vote

58%

Emomali RAHMONOV 58%Abdumalik ABDULLAJANOV 40%

Name of country

conventional long form:: Republic of Tajikistan
conventional short form:: Tajikistan
local long form:: Jumhurii Tojikistan
local short form:: none
former:: Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic

Administrative divisions

2 oblasts (viloyatho, singular - viloyat) and one autonomous oblast* (viloyati avtonomii);
Viloyati Avtonomii Badakhshoni Kuni* (Khorugh - formerly Khorog), Viloyati Khatlon (Qurghonteppa - formerly Kurgan-Tyube), Viloyati Leninobod (Khujand - formerly Leninabad)

note: the administrative center names are in parentheses

Constitution

new constitution adopted 6 November 1994

Legal system

based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts

Executive branch

chief of state:: President Emomali RAHMONOV (since 6 November 1994; was Head of State and Assembly Chairman since NA November 1992) was elected for a five-year term by universal suffrage;
election last held 6 November 1994 (next to be held NA 1999);
results - Emomali RAHMONOV 58%, Abdumalik ABDULLAJANOV 40%
head of government:: Prime Minister Yahyo AZIMOV (since 8 February 1996) was appointed by the president
cabinet:: Council of Ministers was appointed by the president who proposes them to the Supreme Assembly for approval

National Assembly (Majlisi Oli)

elections last held 26 February and 12 March 1995 (next to be held NA 2000);
results - percent of vote by party NA;
estimated seats - (181 total) Communist Party and affiliates 100, People's Party 10, Party of People's Unity 6, Party of Economic and Political Renewal 1, other 64

Judicial branch

Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the president

Political parties and leaders

People's Party of Tajikistan, Abdumajid DOSTIYEV;
Party of People's Unity, Abdumalik ABDULLOJONOR;
Tajik Communist Party, Shodi SHABDOLOV;
Democratic Party, Jumaboy NIYAZOV, chairman;
Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP), Mohammed Sharif HIMMATZODA, chairman;
Rebirth (Rastokhez), Takhir ABDUZHABOROV;
Lali Badakhshan Society, Atobek AMIRBEK;
Tajikistan Party of Economic and Political Renewal (TPEPR);
Citizenship, Patriotism, Unity Party, Bobokhon MAHMADOV;
Adolatho "Justices" Party, Abdurahmon KARIMOV, chairman

Other political or pressure groups

Tajikistan Opposition Movement based in northern Afghanistan, Seyed Abdullah NURI, chairman

International organization participation

CIS, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), IOC, IOM, ITU, NACC, OIC, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer)

Diplomatic representation in US

Tajikistan does not have an; embassy in the US, but has a mission at the UN: address - 136 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10021, telephone - [1] (212) 472-7645, FAX - [1] (212) 628-0252

US diplomatic representation

chief of mission:: Ambassador R. Grant SMITH
embassy:: interim chancery, Oktyabrskaya Hotel, 105A Prospect Rudaki, Dushanbe 734001
mailing address:: Octyabrskaya Hotel, 105A Prospect Rudaki, Dushanbe, Tajikistan 734001
telephone:: [7] (3772) 21-03-56

FAX

Telex (787) 20116

Flag

three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green;
a gold crown surmounted by seven five-pointed gold stars is located in the center of the white stripe

Economy

Tajikistan had the next-to-lowest per capita | GDP in the former USSR, the highest rate of population growth, and | an extremely low standard of living.

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GDP per capita, PPP

$1,040

(1995 est.)

Real growth rate

-12.4%

(1995 est.)industrial production growth: -5% (1995)

Inflation, consumer prices

28%monthly average

(1995 est.)

Unemployment rate

3.3%

includes only officially registered unemployed; also large numbers of underemployed workers and unregistered unemployed people (December 1995)

Installed generating capacity, 3,800,000 kW

Electricity production

14.8 billionElectricity consumption per capita

2,400 (1995)

Economic overview

Tajikistan had the next-to-lowest per capita GDP in the former USSR, the highest rate of population growth, and an extremely low standard of living. Agriculture dominates the economy, with cotton being the most important crop. Mineral resources, varied but limited in amount, include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten.

Industry is limited to a large aluminum plant, hydropower facilities, and small obsolete factories mostly in light industry and food processing. The Tajik economy has been gravely weakened by four years of civil conflict and by the loss of subsidies and markets for its products, which has left Tajikistan dependent on Russia and Uzbekistan and on international humanitarian assistance for much of its basic subsistence needs.

Moreover, constant political turmoil and the continued dominance by former communist officials have impeded the introduction of meaningful economic reforms. The regime has made only halfhearted efforts to stabilize the economy and promote reform.

GDP

purchasing power parity - $6.4 billion (1995 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1994)

GDP composition by sector

agriculture:: NA%
industry:: NA%
services:: NA%

Labor force

1.95 million (1992); by occupation: agriculture and forestry 43%, government and services 24%, industry 14%, trade and communications 11%, construction 8% (1990)

Budget

revenues:: $NA
expenditures:: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

Industries

aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers

Agriculture

cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats

Illicit drugs

illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy;
mostly for CIS consumption;
used as transshipment point for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia to Western Europe and North America

Exports

$707 million (1995)

commodities:: cotton, aluminum, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles
partners:: Russia, Kazakstan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan

Imports

$690 million (1995)

commodities:: fuel, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, textiles, foodstuffs
partners:: Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakstan

External debt

$635 million (of which $250 million to Russia) (1995 est.)

Economic aid

recipient: ODA, $22 million (1993) note: commitments, $885 million (disbursements $115 million) (1992-95)

Currency

introduced its own currency, the Tajik ruble, in May 1995

Exchange rates

Tajik rubles per US$1 - 284 (January 1996)

Fiscal year

calendar year

Transportation

5 fields

Airports by runway lengthpaved left, unpaved right · 59 in all

over 3 047 m

2 438 to 3 047 m

1 524 to 2 437 m

914 to 1 523 m

under 914 m

PavedUnpaved

Networkskm

Highways

32,752Railways

480 (1990)

Highways: paved: 21,119 km · unpaved: 11,633 km (1992 est.) · Railways: ; does not include industrial lines

Railways

total: 480 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines (1990)

Highways

total:: 32,752 km
paved:: 21,119 km
unpaved:: 11,633 km (1992 est.)

Pipelines

natural gas 400 km (1992)

Ports

none

Communications

Army (being formed), Presidential National Guard, | Security Forces (internal and border troops)

9 fields

Fixed lines

303,000

(1991 est.)

Defense expenditures

180billion rubles

3.4% of GDP (1995)

Telephone system

poorly developed and not well maintained; many towns are not reached by the national network

domestic:: cable and microwave radio relay
international:: linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics, and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch;
Dushanbe linked by Intelsat to international gateway switch in Ankara (Turkey);
satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 2 Intelsat

males age 15-49:: 1,358,106
males fit for military service:: 1,115,149
males reach military age (18) annually:: 58,691 (1996 est.)

Central Intelligence Agency. “Tajikistan.” The World Factbook 1996. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/tajikistan/1996.

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