Note In 6 editions of 36.

second-largest country in Africa (after Sudan)

Cabinda is separated from rest of country by Zaire

Published as “Note”

navigational hazard since it is usually under water during high tide; located in southern Mozambique Channel about halfway between Africa and Madagascar

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of France

recent droughts have severely affected marginal agriculture in north; no natural harbors

landlocked

landlocked

landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed

• strategic location 500 km from African coast near major north-south sea routes;
• important communications station;
• important sea and air refueling site

sometimes referred to as the hinge of Africa

landlocked; almost the precise center of Africa

landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel

important location at northern end of Mozambique Channel

straddles Equator; very narrow strip of land that controls the lower Congo River and is only outlet to South Atlantic Ocean

strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia

• controls Sinai Peninsula, only land bridge between Africa and remainder of Eastern Hemisphere;
• controls Suez Canal, shortest sea link between Indian Ocean and Mediterranean;
• size and juxtaposition to Israel establish its major role in Middle Eastern geopolitics

insular and continental regions rather widely separated

landlocked; almost completely surrounded by South Africa

strategic geopolitical position along world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields

Published as “Note”

located in the Mozambique Channel 340 km west of Madagascar

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of France

almost an enclave of Senegal; smallest country on the continent of Africa

Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake

Published as “Note”

located in the Indian Ocean just north of the Mozambique Channel between Africa and Madagascar

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of France

Published as “Note”

located in the central Mozambique Channel about halfway between Africa and Madagascar

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of France

the Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa

• landlocked;
• surrounded by South Africa;
• Highlands Water Project will control, store, and redirect water to South Africa

the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, is being built to bring water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities

world's fourth-largest island; strategic location along Mozambique Channel

Published as “Note”

landlocked

Published as “Note”

a majority of exports would normally go through Mozambique on the Beira or Nacala railroads, but now most go through South Africa because of insurgent activity and damage to rail lines

landlocked

located 900 km east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean

Published as “Note”

part of Comoro Archipelago; located in the Mozambique Channel about halfway between Africa and Madagascar

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of France

strategic location along Strait of Gibraltar

Walvis Bay area is an exclave of South Africa in Namibia

landlocked

Published as “Note”

located 750 km east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of France

landlocked

Published as “Note”

• located 1,920 km west of Angola, about two-thirds of the way between South America and Africa;
• Napoleon Bonaparte's place of exile and burial;
• the remains were taken to Paris in 1840

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of the UK

located south of Nigeria and west of Gabon near the Equator in the North Atlantic Ocean

The Gambia is almost an enclave

located north-northeast of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean

strategic location on Horn of Africa along southern approaches to Bab el Mandeb and route through Red Sea and Suez Canal

Walvis Bay is an exclave of South Africa in Namibia; South Africa completely surrounds Lesotho and almost completely surrounds Swaziland

largest country in Africa

Published as “Note”

located 350 km east of Madagascar and 600 km north of Reunion in the Indian Ocean; climatologically important location for forecasting cyclones

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of France

• strategic location in central Mediterranean;
• only 144 km from Italy across the Strait of Sicily;
• borders Libya on east

landlocked

landlocked

landlocked

Published as “Note”

the coldest, windiest, highest, and driest continent

Published as “Note”

none; Article 7 of the Antarctic Treaty states that advance notice of all military activities and the introduction of military personnel must be given

Published as “Note”

located in the South Atlantic Ocean 2,575 km south-southwest of the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of Norway

Published as “Note”

located in the southern Indian Ocean about equidistant between Africa, Antarctica, and Australia

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of France

Published as “Note”

located 4,100 km southwest of Australia in the southern Indian Ocean

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of Australia

Published as “Note”

the north coast of South Georgia has several large bays, which provide good anchorage

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of the UK

Published as “Note”

dominates North Atlantic Ocean between North America and Europe

Published as “Note”

defense is responsibility of Denmark

strategic location between Greenland and Europe; westernmost European country

Published as “Note”

located north of the Arctic Circle about 590 km north-northeast of Iceland between the Greenland Sea and the Norwegian Sea

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of Norway

Published as “Note”

located 445 km north of Norway where the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea meet

Published as “Note”

demilitarized by treaty (9 February 1920)

landlocked

landlocked; major polluters are oil, gas, and chemical industries

almost completely surrounded by India

• landlocked;
• strategic location between China and India;
• controls several key Himalayan mountain passes

Published as “Note”

• Diego Garcia,
• largest and southernmost island,
• occupies strategic location in central Indian Ocean;
• island is site of joint US-UK military facility

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of the UK

world's third-largest country (after Russia and Canada)

dominates South Asian subcontinent; near important Indian Ocean trade routes

strategic location in northeast Asia

strategic location bordering China, South Korea, and Russia

archipelago of strategic location astride and along major sea lanes in Indian Ocean

landlocked; strategic location between China and Russia

landlocked; strategic location between China and India

controls Khyber Pass and Malakand Pass, traditional invasion routes between Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent

largest country in the world in terms of area but unfavorably located in relation to major sea lanes of the world

only 29 km from India across the Palk Strait; near major Indian Ocean sea lanes

landlocked

landlocked

landlocked

Published as “Note”

located 270 km east of Puerto Rico

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of the UK

420 km east-southeast of Puerto Rico

Published as “Note”

28 km north of Venezuela

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of the Netherlands

strategic location adjacent to US and Cuba; extensive island chain

easternmost Caribbean island

• national capital moved 80 km inland from Belize City to Belmopan because of hurricanes;
• only country in Central America without a coastline on the North Pacific Ocean

Published as “Note”

strong ties to nearby US Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of the UK

Published as “Note”

important location between Cuba and Central America

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of the UK

largest country in Caribbean; 145 km south of Florida

located 550 km southeast of Puerto Rico in the Caribbean Sea

shares island of Hispaniola with Haiti (western one-third is Haiti, eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic)

smallest Central American country and only one without a coastline on Caribbean Sea

islands of the Grenadines group are divided politically with Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Published as “Note”

located 500 km southeast of Puerto Rico in the Caribbean Sea

Published as “Note”

defense is responsibility of France

no natural harbors on west coast

shares island of Hispaniola with Dominican Republic

strategic location between Cayman Trench and Jamaica Channel, the main sea lanes for Panama Canal

Published as “Note”

located 625 km southeast of Puerto Rico in the Caribbean Sea

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of France

Published as “Note”

located 400 km southeast of Puerto Rico in the Caribbean Sea

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of the UK

Published as “Note”

strategic location between Cuba, Haiti, and Jamaica in the Caribbean Sea; 160 km south of the US Naval Base at Guantanamo, Cuba

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of the US

Published as “Note”

consists of two island groups - Curacao and Bonaire are located off the coast of Venezuela, and Sint Maarten, Saba, and Sint Eustatius lie 800 km to the north

Published as “Note”

defense is responsibility of the Netherlands

• strategic location on eastern end of isthmus forming land bridge connecting North and South America;
• controls Panama Canal that links North Atlantic Ocean via Caribbean Sea with North Pacific Ocean

Published as “Note”

• important location between the Dominican Republic and the Virgin Islands group along the Mona Passage - a key shipping lane to the Panama Canal;
• San Juan is one of the biggest and best natural harbors in the Caribbean

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of the US

located 320 km east-southeast of Puerto Rico

located 700 km southeast of Puerto Rico

some islands of the Grenadines group are administered by Grenada

located 11 km from Venezuela

Published as “Note”

located 190 km north of the Dominican Republic in the North Atlantic Ocean

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of the UK

Published as “Note”

• important location 1,770 km southeast of Miami and 65 km east of Puerto Rico, along the Anegada Passage - a key shipping lane for the Panama Canal;
• Saint Thomas has one of the best natural, deepwater harbors in the Caribbean

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of the US

strategic location along Strait of Otranto (links Adriatic Sea to Ionian Sea and Mediterranean Sea)

Published as “Note”

landlocked

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of France and Spain

• landlocked;
• strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys;
• major river is the Danube

landlocked

• majority of West European capitals within 1,000 km of Brussels;
• crossroads of Western Europe;
• Brussels is the seat of the EC

Controls large percentage of important land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits

strategic location near Turkish Straits; controls key land routes from Europe to Middle East and Asia

controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits

• landlocked;
• strategically located astride some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe;
• Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe

controls Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas

Published as “Note”

strategically located along important sea lanes in northeastern Atlantic about midway between Iceland and Shetland Islands

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of Denmark

long boundary with Russia; Helsinki is northernmost national capital on European continent

largest West European nation

strategic location on North European Plain and along the entrance to the Baltic Sea

Published as “Note”

strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of the UK

strategic location dominating the Aegean Sea and southern approach to Turkish Straits

Published as “Note”

52 km west of France

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of the UK

Published as “Note”

• landlocked;
• enclave of Rome, Italy;
• world's smallest state;
• outside the Vatican City, 13 buildings in Rome and Castel Gandolfo (the pope's summer residence) enjoy extraterritorial rights

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of Italy; Swiss Papal Guards are posted at entrances to the Vatican City

landlocked; strategic location astride main land routes between Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula as well as between Ukraine and Mediterranean basin

The Arab territories occupied by Israel since the 1967 war are not included in the data below. As stated in the 1978 Camp David Accords and reaffirmed by President Bush's post-Gulf crisis peace initiative, the final status of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, their relationship with their neighbors, and a peace treaty between Israel and Jordan are to be negotiated among the concerned parties. The Camp David Accords further specify that these negotiations will resolve the location of the respective boundaries.

Pending the completion of this process, it is US policy that the final status of the West Bank and Gaza Strip has yet to be determined (see West Bank and Gaza Strip entries). On 25 April 1982 Israel relinquished control of the Sinai to Egypt. Statistics for the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights are included in the Syria entry.

Published as “Note”

located in Irish Sea equidistant from England, Scotland, and Ireland

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of the UK

strategic location dominating central Mediterranean as well as southern sea and air approaches to Western Europe

Published as “Note”

largest and southernmost of Channel Islands; 27 km from France

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of the UK

Published as “Note”

landlocked

Published as “Note”

defense is responsibility of Switzerland

landlocked

strategic location in central Mediterranean, 93 km south of Sicily, 290 km north of Libya

Published as “Note”

second-smallest independent state in world (after Vatican City)

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of France

located at mouths of three major European rivers (Rhine, Maas or Meuse, Schelde)

major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea

historically, an area of conflict because of flat terrain and the lack of natural barriers on the North European Plain

Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar

controls most easily traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova, and the Ukraine

• landlocked;
• world's smallest republic;
• enclave of Italy

controls one of the major land routes from Western Europe to Turkey and the Near East; strategic location along the Adriatic coast

strategic location along approaches to Strait of Gibraltar

strategic location along Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas

landlocked; crossroads of northern and southern Europe

strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia; second largest country in Europe

Published as “Note”

lies near vital North Atlantic sea lanes; only 35 km from France and now being linked by tunnel under the English Channel

Published as “Note”

Hong Kong is scheduled to become a Special Administrative Region of China in 1997

• close to primary Middle Eastern crude oil sources;
• strategic location in Persian Gulf through which much of Western world's crude oil must transit to reach open ocean

The war between Israel and the Arab states in June 1967 ended with Israel in control of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, the Sinai, and the Golan Heights. As stated in the 1978 Camp David accords and reaffirmed by President Bush's post - Gulf crisis peace initiative, the final status of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, their relationship with their neighbors, and a peace treaty be-tween Israel and Jordan are to be negotiated among the concerned parties.

Camp David further specifies that these negotiations will resolve the respective boundaries. Pending the completion of this process, it is US policy that the final status of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip has yet to be determined. In the US view, the term West Bank describes all of the area west of the Jordan River under Jordanian administration before the 1967 Arab-Israeli war. With respect to negotiations envisaged in the framework agreement, however, it is US policy that a distinction must be made between Jerusalem and the rest of the West Bank because of the city's special status and circumstances.

Therefore, a negotiated solution for the final status of Jerusalem could be different in character from that of the rest of the West Bank. The Gaza Strip is currently governed by Israeli military authorities and Israeli civil administration; it is US policy that the final status of the Gaza Strip will be determined by negotiations among the concerned parties; these negotiations will determine how this area is to be governed. There are 18 Jewish settlements in the Gaza Strip.

there are 175 Jewish settlements in the West Bank, 38 in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights, 18 in the Gaza Strip, and 14 Israeli-built Jewish neighborhoods in East Jerusalem

The war between Israel and the Arab states in June 1967 ended with Israel in control of the West Bank. As stated in the 1978 Camp David accords and reaffirmed by President Bush's post - Gulf crisis peace initiative, the final status of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, their relationship with their neighbors, and a peace treaty between Israel and Jordan are to be negotiated among the concerned parties. The Camp David accords also specify that these negotiations will resolve the location of the respective boundaries. Pending the completion of this process, it is US policy that the final status of the West Bank and Gaza Strip has yet to be determined.

strategic location at head of Persian Gulf

Published as “Note”

Nahr al Litani only major river in Near East not crossing an international boundary

Published as “Note”

Between early 1975 and late 1976 Lebanon was torn by civil war between its Christians - then aided by Syrian troops - and its Muslims and their Palestinian allies. The cease-fire established in October 1976 between the domestic political groups generally held for about six years, despite occasional fighting. Syrian troops constituted as the Arab Deterrent Force by the Arab League have remained in Lebanon. Syria's move toward supporting the Lebanese Muslims, and the Palestinians and Israel's growing support for Lebanese Christians, brought the two sides into rough equilibrium, but no progress was made toward national reconciliation or political reforms - the original cause of the war.

Continuing Israeli concern about the Palestinian presence in Lebanon led to the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in June 1982. Israeli forces occupied all of the southern portion of the country and mounted a summer-long siege of Beirut, which resulted in the evacuation of the PLO from Beirut in September under the supervision of a multinational force (MNF) made up of US, French, and Italian troops. Within days of the departure of the MNF, Lebanon's newly elected president, Bashir Gemayel, was assassinated; his elder brother Amin was elected to succeed him.

In the immediate wake of Bashir's death, however, Christian militiamen massacred hundreds of Palestinian refugees in two Beirut camps. This prompted the return of the MNF to ease the security burden on Lebanon's weak Army and security forces. In late March 1984 the last MNF units withdrew. In 1988, President Gemayel completed his term of office. Because parliamentarians failed to elect a presidential successor, Gemayel appointed then Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) Commander Gen.

Michel Awn acting president. Lebanese parliamentarians met in Ta'if, Saudi Arabia, in late 1989 and concluded a national reconciliation pact that codified a new power-sharing formula, specifying reduced powers for the Christian president and giving Muslims more authority. Rene MUAWAD was subsequently elected president on 4 November 1989, ending a 13-month period during which Lebanon had no president and rival Muslim and Christian governments.

MUAWAD was assassinated 17 days later, on 22 November; on 24 November, Ilyas Harawi was elected to succeed MUAWAD. In October 1990, the civil war was apparently brought to a conclusion when Syrian and Lebanese forces ousted renegade Christian General Awn from his stronghold in East Beirut. Awn had defied the legitimate government and established a separate ministate within East Beirut after being appointed acting Prime Minister by outgoing President Gemayel in 1988.

Awn and his supporters feared Ta'if would diminish Christian power in Lebanon and increase the influence of Syria. Awn was granted amnesty and allowed to travel in France in August 199l. Since the removal of Awn, the Lebanese Government has made substantial progress in strengthening the central government, rebuilding government institutions, and extending its authority throughout the nation. The LAF has deployed from Beirut north along the coast road to Tripoli, southeast into the Shuf mountains, and south to Sidon and Tyre.

Many militiamen from Christian and Muslim groups have evacuated Beirut for their strongholds in the north, south, and east of the country. Some heavy weapons possessed by the militias have been turned over to the government, or sold outside the country, which has begun a plan to integrate some militiamen into the military and the internal security forces. Lebanon and Syria signed a treaty of friendship and cooperation in May 1991.

Lebanon continues to be partially occupied by Syrian troops, which are deployed in Beirut, its southern suburbs, the Bekaa Valley, and northern Lebanon. Iran also maintains a small contingent of revolutionary guards in the Bekaa Valley to support Lebanese Islamic fundamentalist groups. Israel withdrew the bulk of its forces from the south in 1985, although it still retains troops in a 10-km-deep security zone north of its border with Lebanon.

Israel arms and trains the Army of South Lebanon (ASL), which also occupies the security zone and is Israel's first line of defense against attacks on its northern border. The following description is based on the present constitutional and customary practices of the Lebanese system.

strategic location with small foothold on Musandam Peninsula controlling Strait of Hormuz (17% of world's oil production transits this point going from Persian Gulf to Arabian Sea)

strategic location in central Persian Gulf near major crude oil sources

extensive coastlines on Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through Persian Gulf and Suez Canal

there are 38 Jewish settlements in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights

strategic location controlling the Turkish straits (Bosporus, Sea of Marmara, Dardanelles) that link Black and Aegean Seas

strategic location along southern approaches to Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil

Published as “Note”

landlocked; there are 175 Jewish settlements in the West Bank and 14 Israeli-built Jewish neighborhoods in East Jerusalem

Published as “Note”

The West Bank is currently governed by Israeli military authorities and Israeli civil administration. It is US policy that the final status of the West Bank will be determined by negotiations among the concerned parties. These negotiations will determine how the area is to governed.

controls Bab el Mandeb, the strait linking the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, one of world's most active shipping lanes

Published as “Note”

1,050 km east of North Carolina; some reclaimed land leased by US Government

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of the UK

second-largest country in world (after Russia); strategic location between Russia and US via north polar route

Published as “Note”

located 1,120 km southwest of Mexico in the North Pacific Ocean; also called Ile de la Passion

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of France

strategic location on southern border of US

Published as “Note”

located 25 km south of Newfoundland, Canada, in the North Atlantic Ocean

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of France

Published as “Note”

world's fourth-largest country (after Russia, Canada, and China)

Published as “Note”

• since 18 July 1947, the US has administered the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, but recently entered into a new political relationship with three of the four political units;
• the Northern Mariana Islands is a Commonwealth in political union with the US (effective 3 November 1986);
• Palau concluded a Compact of Free Association with the US that was approved by the US Congress but to date the Compact process has not been completed in Palau, which continues to be administered by the US as the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands;
• the Federated States of Micronesia signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 3 November 1986);
• the Republic of the Marshall Islands signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 21 October 1986)

Published as “Note”

• Pago Pago has one of the best natural deepwater harbors in the South Pacific Ocean, sheltered by shape from rough seas and protected by peripheral mountains from high winds;
• strategic location about 3,700 km south-southwest of Honolulu in the South Pacific Ocean about halfway between Hawaii and New Zealand

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of the US

world's smallest continent but sixth-largest country

Published as “Note”

remote location 2,575 km southwest of Honolulu in the North Pacific Ocean, just north of the Equator, about halfway between Hawaii and Australia

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard

Published as “Note”

located 4,500 km south of Hawaii in the South Pacific Ocean

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of New Zealand

Published as “Note”

the islands are located just off the northeast coast of Australia in the Coral Sea

Published as “Note”

• defense is the responsibility of Australia;
• visited regularly by the Royal Australian Navy;
• Australia has control over the activities of visitors

located 2,500 km north of New Zealand in the South Pacific Ocean

Published as “Note”

Makatea in French Polynesia is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Nauru

Published as “Note”

defense is responsibility of France

Published as “Note”

• largest and southernmost island in the Mariana Islands archipelago;
• strategic location in western North Pacific Ocean 5,955 km west-southwest of Honolulu about three-quarters of the way between Hawaii and the Philippines

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of the US

Published as “Note”

remote location 2,575 km southwest of Honolulu in the North Pacific Ocean, just north of the Equator, about halfway between Hawaii and Australia

Published as “Note”

Earhart Light is a day beacon near the middle of the west coast that was partially destroyed during World War II, but has since been rebuilt in memory of famed aviatrix Amelia Earhart

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard

Published as “Note”

2,090 km south of Honolulu in the South Pacific Ocean, just south of the Equator, about halfway between Hawaii and the Cook Islands

Published as “Note”

there is a day beacon near the middle of the west coast

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard

Published as “Note”

• strategic location 717 nautical miles west-southwest of Honolulu in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-third of the way between Hawaii and the Marshall Islands;
• Johnston Island and Sand Island are natural islands;
• North Island (Akau) and East Island (Hikina) are manmade islands formed from coral dredging;
• closed to the public;
• former nuclear weapons test site;
• site of Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System (JACADS)

Published as “Note”

US Coast Guard operates a LORAN transmitting station (estimated closing date for LORAN is December 1992)

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of the US

Published as “Note”

• located 1,600 km south-southwest of Honolulu in the North Pacific Ocean, about halfway between Hawaii and American Samoa;
• maximum elevation of about 1 meter makes this a navigational hazard;
• closed to the public

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of the US

Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Makatea in French Polynesia and Nauru

Published as “Note”

• located 3,825 km southwest of Honolulu in the North Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way between Hawaii and Papua New Guinea;
• Bikini and Eniwetok are former US nuclear test sites;
• Kwajalein, the famous World War II battleground, is now used as a US missile test range

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of the US

Published as “Note”

located 5,150 km west-southwest of Honolulu in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way between Hawaii and Indonesia

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of the US

Published as “Note”

located 2,350 km west-northwest of Honolulu at the western end of Hawaiian Islands group, about one-third of the way between Honolulu and Tokyo; closed to the public

Published as “Note”

defense is the responsibility of the US