The CIA World Factbook Edition 2014 Transportation
Ports In 36 editions of 36.
Ports was published in 36 editions of the CIA World Factbook, from 1990 to 2025. The 2014 edition carries it in 242 entries, in its Transportation section, under the heading “Ports and terminals”. Every entry is shown as that edition published it.
- entries in the 2014 edition
- 242
- the first edition with it
- 1990
- the latest edition with it
- 2025
Published as “Ports and terminals” (2006 to 2023), “Ports and harbors” (1997 to 2005) and “Ports” (1990 to 2025).
the entry has the field in that editionnot in that editionthe open editionEach entry below ends in its editions with Ports, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down; choose one in a row to read that edition’s text there.
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Entries with Ports in each edition
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World
1 entryWorld
top ten container ports as measured by Twenty-Foot Equivalent Units (TEUs) throughput:
- Shanghai (China) - 31,739,000;
- Singapore (Singapore) - 29,937,700;
- Hong Kong (China) - 24,384,000;
- Shenzhen (China) - 22,570,800;
- Busan (South Korea) - 16,163,842;
- Ningbo (China) - 14,719,200;
- Guangzhou (China) - 14,260,400;
- Qingdao (China) - 13,020,100;
- Dubai (UAE) - 12,617,595;
- - Rotterdam (Netherlands) - 11,876,920 (2011)
Africa
49 entriesAlgeria
- major seaport(s):
- Algiers,
- Annaba,
- Arzew,
- Bejaia,
- Djendjene,
- Jijel,
- Mostaganem,
- Oran,
- Skikda
- LNG terminal(s) (export):
- Bethioua, Skikida
Congo, Democratic Republic of the now Democratic Republic of the Congo
- major seaport(s):
- Banana
- river or lake port(s):
- Boma, Bumba, Kinshasa, Kisangani, Matadi, Mbandaka (Congo);
- Kindu (Lualaba);
- Bukavu, Goma (Lake Kivu);
- Kalemie (Lake Tanganyika)
Congo, Republic of the now Republic of the Congo
- major seaport(s):
- Pointe-Noire
- river port(s):
- Brazzaville (Congo);
- Impfondo (Oubangi);
- Ouesso (Sangha);
- Oyo (Alima)
- oil/gas terminal(s):
- Djeno
Egypt
- major seaport(s):
- Mediterranean Sea - Alexandria,
- Damietta,
- El Dekheila,
- Port Said;
- Gulf of Suez - Suez
- oil/gas terminal(s):
- Ain Sukhna terminal, Sidi Kerir terminal
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Alexandria (1,108,826),
- Port Said(East) (2,617,043),
- Port Said(West) (1,138,753)
Libya
- major seaport(s):
- Marsa al Burayqah (Marsa el Brega), Tripoli
- oil terminal(s):
- Az Zawiyah, Ra's Lanuf
Morocco
- major seaport(s):
- Casablanca,
- Jorf Lasfar,
- Mohammedia,
- Safi,
- Tangier
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Tangier (2,093,408)
Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha
- major seaport(s):
- Saint Helena:
- Jamestown
- Ascension Island:
- Georgetown
- Tristan da Cunha:
- Calshot Harbor (Edinburgh)
South Africa
- major seaport(s):
- Cape Town,
- Durban,
- Port Elizabeth,
- Richards Bay,
- Saldanha Bay
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Durban (2,712,975)
Antarctic Region
5 entriesAntarctica
- McMurdo Station;
- most coastal stations have sparse and intermittent offshore anchorages;
- a few stations have basic wharf facilities
South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands now South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
- major seaport(s):
- Grytviken
Arctic Region
4 entriesAsia
18 entriesBangladesh
- major seaport(s):
- Chittagong
- river port(s):
- Mongla Port (Sela River)
- container port(s):
- Chittagong (1,392,104) (2011)
China
- major seaport(s):
- Dalian,
- Ningbo,
- Qingdao,
- Qinhuangdao,
- Shanghai,
- Shenzhen,
- Tianjin
- river port(s):
- Guangzhou (Pearl)
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Dalian (6,400,300),
- Guangzhou (14,260,400),
- Ningbo (14,719,200),
- Qingdao (13,020,100),
- Shanghai (31,739,000),
- Shenzhen (22,570,800),
- Tianjin (11,587,600)(2011)
India
- major seaport(s):
- Chennai,
- Jawaharal Nehru Port,
- Kandla,
- Kolkata (Calcutta),
- Mumbai (Bombay),
- Sikka,
- Vishakhapatnam
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Chennai (1,558,343), Jawaharal Nehru Port (4,307,622)
Japan
- major seaport(s):
- Chiba,
- Kawasaki,
- Kobe,
- Mizushima,
- Moji,
- Nagoya,
- Osaka,
- Tokyo,
- Tomakomai,
- Yokohama
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Kobe (2,725,304),
- Nagoya (2,471,821),
- Osaka (2,172,797),
- Tokyo (4,416,119),
- Yokohama (2,992,517)
Kazakhstan
- major seaport(s):
- Aqtau (Shevchenko), Atyrau (Gur'yev)
- river port(s):
- Oskemen (Ust-Kamenogorsk),
- Pavlodar,
- Semey (Semipalatinsk) (Irtysh River)
Korea, North now North Korea
- major seaport(s):
- Ch'ongjin,
- Haeju,
- Hungnam (Hamhung),
- Namp'o,
- Senbong,
- Songnim,
- Sonbong (formerly Unggi),
- Wonsan
Korea, South now South Korea
- major seaport(s):
- Incheon,
- Pohang,
- Busan,
- Ulsan,
- Yeosu
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Busan (16,163,842),
- Kwangyang (2,061,958),
- Incheon (1,924,644)
Pakistan
- major seaport(s):
- Karachi, Port Muhammad Bin Qasim
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Karachi (1,545,434)
Russia
- major seaport(s):
- Kaliningrad,
- Nakhodka,
- Novorossiysk,
- Primorsk,
- Vostochnyy
- river port(s):
- Saint Petersburg (Neva River)
- oil terminal(s):
- Kavkaz oil terminal
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Saint Petersburg (2,365,174)
Central America and the Caribbean
32 entriesAruba
- major seaport(s):
- Barcadera, Oranjestad
- oil terminal(s):
- Sint Nicolaas
- cruise port(s):
- Oranjestad
Bahamas, The now The Bahamas
- major seaport(s):
- Freeport,
- Nassau,
- South Riding Point
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Freeport (1,116,272)(2011)
- cruise port(s):
- Nassau
Cuba
- major seaport(s):
- Antilla,
- Cienfuegos,
- Guantanamo,
- Havana,
- Matanzas,
- Mariel,
- Nuevitas Bay,
- Santiago de Cuba
Curacao
- major seaport(s):
- Willemstad
- oil/gas terminal(s):
- Bullen Baai (Curacao Terminal)
- bulk cargo port(s):
- Fuik Bay (phosphate rock)
Dominican Republic
- major seaport(s):
- Puerto Haina,
- Puerto Plata,
- Santo Domingo
- oil/gas terminal(s):
- Andres LNG terminal (Boca Chica), Punta Nizao oil terminal
Jamaica
- major seaport(s):
- Discovery Bay (Port Rhoades),
- Kingston,
- Montego Bay,
- Port Antonio,
- Port Esquivel,
- Port Kaiser,
- Rocky Point
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Kingston (1,724,928)
Panama
- major seaport(s):
- Balboa,
- Colon,
- Cristobal
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Balboa (3,232,265),
- Colon (2,390,976),
- Manzanillo (2,391,066)
Puerto Rico
- major seaport(s):
- Ensenada Honda,
- Mayaguez,
- Playa de Guayanilla,
- Playa de Ponce,
- San Juan
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- San Juan (1,484,595)
Trinidad and Tobago
- major seaport(s):
- Point Fortin,
- Point Lisas,
- Port of Spain,
- Scarborough
- oil terminals:
- Galeota Point terminal
Virgin Islands
- major seaport(s):
- Charlotte Amalie,
- Christiansted,
- Cruz Bay,
- Frederiksted,
- Limetree Bay
Europe
41 entriesBelgium
- major seaport(s):
- Oostende, Zeebrugge
- river port(s):
- Antwerp, Gent (Schelde River);
- Brussels (Senne River);
- Liege (Meuse River)
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Antwerp (8,664,243), Zeebrugge (2,207,257) (2011)
- LNG terminal(s) (import):
- Zeebrugge
Bosnia and Herzegovina
- river port(s):
- Bosanska Gradiska,
- Bosanski Brod,
- Bosanski Samac,
- Brcko,
- Orasje (Sava River)
Croatia
- major seaport(s):
- Ploce,
- Rijeka,
- Sibernik,
- Split
- river port(s):
- Vukovar (Danube)
- oil/gas terminal(s):
- Omisalj
Denmark
- major seaport(s):
- Baltic Sea - Aarhus,
- Copenhagen,
- Fredericia,
- Kalundborg;
- North Sea - Esbjerg,
- river port(s):
- Aalborg (Langerak)
- dry bulk cargo port(s):
- Ensted (coal)
- cruise port(s):
- Copenhagen
European Union
- major port(s):
- Antwerp (Belgium),
- Barcelona (Spain),
- Braila (Romania),
- Bremen (Germany),
- Burgas (Bulgaria),
- Constanta (Romania),
- Copenhagen (Denmark),
- Galati (Romania),
- Gdansk (Poland),
- Hamburg (Germany),
- Helsinki (Finland),
- Las Palmas (Canary Islands, Spain),
- Le Havre (France),
- Lisbon (Portugal),
- London (UK),
- Marseille (France),
- Naples (Italy),
- Peiraiefs or Piraeus (Greece),
- Riga (Latvia),
- Rotterdam (Netherlands),
- Split (Croatia),
- Stockholm (Sweden),
- Talinn (Estonia),
- Tulcea (Romania),
- Varna (Bulgaria)
France
- major seaport(s):
- Brest,
- Calais,
- Dunkerque,
- Le Havre,
- Marseille,
- Nantes,
- river port(s):
- Paris, Rouen (Seine);
- Strasbourg (Rhine);
- Bordeaux (Garronne)
- container port(s):
- Le Havre (2,215,262)(2011)
- cruise/ferry port(s):
- Calais,
- Cherbourg,
- Le Havre
Germany
- major seaport(s):
- Baltic Sea - Rostock; North Sea - Wilhelmshaven
- river port(s):
- Bremen (Weser);
- Bremerhaven (Geeste);
- Duisburg, Karlsruhe, Neuss-Dusseldorf (Rhine);
- Brunsbuttel, Hamburg (Elbe);
- Lubeck (Wakenitz)
- oil/gas terminal(s):
- Brunsbuttel Canal terminals
- container port(s):
- Bremen/Bremerhaven (5,915,487), Hamburg (9,014,165)(2011)
Greece
- major seaport(s):
- Aspropyrgos,
- Pachi,
- Piraeus,
- Thessaloniki
- oil/gas terminal(s):
- Agioi Theodoroi
Ireland
- major seaport(s):
- Dublin, Shannon Foynes,
- river port(s):
- Cork (Lee), Waterford (Suir)
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Dublin (1,931,001)
Italy
- major seaport(s):
- Augusta,
- Cagliari,
- Genoa,
- Livorno,
- Taranto,
- Trieste,
- Venice
- oil terminals:
- Melilli (Santa Panagia) oil terminal, Sarroch oil terminal
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Genoa (1,847,648),
- Gioia Tauro (2,264,798),
- La Spezia (1,307,274)
Malta
- major seaport(s):
- Marsaxlokk (Malta Freeport), Valletta
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Marsaxlokk (2,360,000)
Netherlands
- major seaport(s):
- IJmuiden, Vlissingen
- river port(s):
- Amsterdam (Nordsee Kanaal);
- Moerdijk (Hollands Diep River);
- Rotterdam (Rhine River);
- Terneuzen (Western Scheldt River)
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Rotterdam (11,876,920)
Romania
- major seaport(s):
- Constanta, Midia
- river port(s):
- Braila,
- Galati (Galatz),
- Mancanului (Giurgiu),
- Tulcea (Danube River)
Spain
- major seaport(s):
- Algeciras,
- Barcelona,
- Bilbao,
- Cartagena,
- Huelva,
- Tarragona,
- Valencia (Spain);
- Las Palmas,
- Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Canary Islands)
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Algeciras (3,608,301),
- Barcelona (2,033,747),
- Valencia (4,327,371);
- Las Palmas (1,287,389)
Sweden
- major seaport(s):
- Brofjorden,
- Goteborg,
- Helsingborg,
- Karlshamn,
- Lulea,
- Malmo,
- Stockholm,
- Trelleborg,
- Visby
United Kingdom
- major seaport(s):
- Dover, Felixstowe, Immingham, Liverpool, London, Southampton, Teesport (England);
- Forth Ports (Scotland);
- Milford Haven (Wales)
- oil terminals:
- Fawley Marine terminal,
- Liverpool Bay terminal (England);
- Braefoot Bay terminal,
- Finnart oil terminal,
- Hound Point terminal (Scotland)
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Felixstowe (3,248,592),
- London (1,932,000),
- Southampton (1,324,581)
Middle East
16 entriesCyprus
- major seaport(s):
- area under government control:
- Larnaca, Limassol, Vasilikos; area administered by Turkish Cypriots: Famagusta, Kyrenia
Iran
- major seaport(s):
- Bandar-e Asaluyeh, Bandar Abbas
- river port(s):
- Bandar Emam Khomeyni (Shatt al-Arab)
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Bandar Abbas (2,752,460)
Iraq
- river port(s):
- Al Basrah (Shatt al-'Arab); Khawr az Zubayr, Umm Qasr (Khawr az Zubayr waterway)
Israel
- major seaport(s):
- Ashdod,
- Elat (Eilat),
- Hadera,
- Haifa
- container port(s) TEUs):
- Ashdod (1,176,000), Haifa (1,238,000)
Kuwait
- major seaport(s):
- Ash Shu'aybah,
- Ash Shuwaykh,
- Az Zawr (Mina' Sa'ud),
- Mina' 'Abd Allah,
- Mina' al Ahmadi
Saudi Arabia
- major seaport(s):
- Ad Dammam,
- Al Jubayl,
- Jeddah,
- Yanbu al Bahr
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Ad Dammam (1,492,315), Jeddah (4,010,448)
Turkey now Turkiye
- major seaport(s):
- Aliaga,
- Ambarli,
- Diliskelesi,
- Eregli,
- Izmir,
- Kocaeli (Izmit),
- Mersin (Icel),
- Limani,
- Yarimca
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Ambarli (2,121,549), Mersin (Icel) (1,126,866)
United Arab Emirates
- major seaport(s):
- Al Fujayrah,
- Mina' Jabal 'Ali (Dubai),
- Khor Fakkan (Khawr Fakkan),
- Mubarraz Island,
- Mina' Rashid (Dubai),
- Mina' Saqr (Ra's al Khaymah)
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Dubai Port (12,617,595), Khor Fakkan (Khawr Fakkan) (3,234,101)
- LNG terminal(s) (export):
- Das Island
North America
6 entriesCanada
- major seaport(s):
- Halifax,
- Saint John (New Brunswick),
- Vancouver
- river and lake port(s):
- Montreal, Quebec City, Sept-Isles (St. Lawrence);
- Fraser River Port (Fraser);
- Hamilton (Lake Ontario)
- oil/gas terminal(s):
- Lower Lakes terminal
- dry bulk cargo port(s):
- Port-Cartier (iron ore and grain),
- container port(s):
- Montreal (1,362,975), Vancouver (2,507,032)(2011)
- LNG terminal(s) (import):
- Saint John
Mexico
- major seaport(s):
- Altamira,
- Coatzacoalcos,
- Lazaro Cardenas,
- Manzanillo,
- Salina Cruz,
- Veracruz
- oil terminals:
- Cayo Arcas terminal, Dos Bocas terminal
United States
- cargo ports (tonnage):
- Baton Rouge,
- Corpus Christi,
- Hampton Roads,
- Houston,
- Long Beach,
- Los Angeles,
- New Orleans,
- New York,
- Plaquemines,
- Tampa,
- Texas City
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Hampton Roads (1,918,029),
- Houston (1,866,450),
- Long Beach (6,061,091),
- Los Angeles (7,940,511),
- New York/New Jersey (5,503,485),
- Oakland (2,342,504),
- Savannah (2,944,678),
- Seattle (2,033,535)(2011)
- cruise departure ports (passengers):
- Miami (2,032,000),
- Port Everglades (1,277,000),
- Port Canaveral (1,189,000),
- Seattle (430,000),
- Long Beach (415,000) (2009)
- oil terminals:
- LOOP terminal, Haymark terminal
Oceania
34 entriesAustralia
- major seaport(s):
- Brisbane,
- Cairns,
- Darwin,
- Fremantle,
- Geelong,
- Gladstone,
- Hobart,
- Melbourne,
- Newcastle,
- Port Adelaide,
- Port Kembla,
- Sydney
- dry bulk cargo port(s):
- Dampier (iron ore),
- Dalrymple Bay (coal),
- Hay Point (coal),
- Port Hedland (iron ore),
- Port Walcott (iron ore)
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Brisbane (1,004,983),
- Melbourne (2,467,967),
- Sydney (2,028,074)(2011)
- LNG terminal(s) (export):
- Darwin, Karratha
Howland Island
- none;
- offshore anchorage only;
- note - there is one small boat landing area along the middle of the west coast
Jarvis Island
- none;
- offshore anchorage only;
- note - there is one small boat landing area in the middle of the west coast and another near the southwest corner of the island
Micronesia, Federated States of now Federated States of Micronesia
- major seaport(s):
- Colonia (Tomil Harbor),
- Lele Harbor,
- Pohnepi Harbor
New Zealand
- major seaport(s):
- Auckland,
- Lyttelton,
- Manukau Harbor,
- Marsden Point,
- Tauranga,
- Wellington
United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges
- major seaport(s):
Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands, and Kingman Reef:
none; offshore anchorage only
- Johnston Atoll:
- Johnston Island
- Midway Islands:
- Sand Island
- Palmyra Atoll:
- West Lagoon
South America
13 entriesArgentina
- major seaport(s):
- Bahia Blanca,
- Buenos Aires,
- La Plata,
- Punta Colorada,
- Ushuaia
- river port(s):
- Arroyo Seco,
- Rosario,
- San Lorenzo-San Martin (Parana)
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Buenos Aires (1,851,701)
- LNG terminal(s) (import):
- Bahia Blanca
Bolivia
- river port(s):
- Puerto Aguirre (Paraguay/Parana)
note: Bolivia has free port privileges in maritime ports in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Paraguay
Brazil
- major seaport(s):
- Belem,
- Paranagua,
- Rio Grande,
- Rio de Janeiro,
- Santos,
- Sao Sebastiao,
- Tubarao
- river port(s):
- Manaus (Amazon)
- dry bulk cargo port(s):
- Sepetiba ore terminal
- container ports (TEUs):
- Santos (2,985,922), Itajai (983,985)(2011)
- oil/gas terminal(s):
- DTSE/Gegua oil terminal,
- Ilha Grande (Gebig),
- Guaiba Island terminal,
- Guamare oil terminal
- LNG terminal(s) (import):
- Pecem, Rio de Janiero
Chile
- major seaport(s):
- Coronel,
- Huasco,
- Lirquen,
- Puerto Ventanas,
- San Antonio,
- San Vicente,
- Valparaiso
Colombia
- major seaport(s):
- Atlantic Ocean (Caribbean) - Cartagena,
- Santa Marta,
- Turbo;
- Pacific Ocean - Buenaventura
- river port(s):
- Barranquilla (Rio Magdalena)
- oil/gas terminal(s):
- Covenas offshore terminal
- dry bulk cargo port(s):
- Puerto Bolivar (coal)
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Cartagena (1,853,342)
Ecuador
- major seaport(s):
- Esmeraldas,
- Manta,
- Puerto Bolivar
- river port(s):
- Guayaquil (Guayas)
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Guayaquil (1,405,762)
Peru
- major seaport(s):
- Callao,
- Matarani,
- Paita
- river port(s):
- Iquitos,
- Pucallpa,
- Yurimaguas (Amazon)
- oil terminals:
- Conchan oil terminal, La Pampilla oil terminal
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Callao (1,616,365)
Venezuela
- major seaport(s):
- La Guaira,
- Maracaibo,
- Puerto Cabello,
- Punta Cardon
- oil terminals:
- Jose terminal
Southeast Asia
18 entriesIndonesia
- major seaport(s):
- Banjarmasin,
- Belawan,
- Kotabaru,
- Krueg Geukueh,
- Palembang,
- Panjang,
- Sungai Pakning,
- Tanjung Perak,
- Tanjung Priok
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Tanjung Priok (5,617,562)
Malaysia
- major seaport(s):
- Bintulu,
- Johor Bahru,
- George Town (Penang),
- Port Kelang (Port Klang),
- Tanjung Pelepas
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- George Town (Penang)(1,202,180),
- Port Kelang (Port Klang)(9,435,403),
- Tanjung Pelepas (7,302,461)
Philippines
- major seaport(s):
- Batangas,
- Cagayan de Oro,
- Cebu,
- Davao,
- Liman,
- Manila
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Manila (3,342,200)
Taiwan
- major seaport(s):
- Chilung (Keelung),
- Kaohsiung,
- Hualian,
- Taichung
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Chilung (Keelung) (1,749,388),
- Kaohsiung (9,363,289),
- Taichung (1,383,578)
Thailand
- major seaport(s):
- Bangkok,
- Laem Chabang,
- Map Ta Phut,
- Prachuap Port,
- Si Racha
- container port(s) TEUs):
- Bangkok (1,305,229), Laem Chabang (5,731,063)
Vietnam
- major seaport(s):
- Cam Pha Port,
- Da Nang,
- Haiphong,
- Phu My,
- Quy Nhon
- river port(s):
- Ho Chi Minh (Mekong)
- container port(s) (TEUs):
- Haiphong (1,018,794), Saigon New Port (3,071,777)
Oceans
5 entriesAtlantic Ocean
- major seaport(s):
- Alexandria (Egypt),
- Algiers (Algeria),
- Antwerp (Belgium),
- Barcelona (Spain),
- Buenos Aires (Argentina),
- Casablanca (Morocco),
- Colon (Panama),
- Copenhagen (Denmark),
- Dakar (Senegal),
- Gdansk (Poland),
- Hamburg (Germany),
- Helsinki (Finland),
- Las Palmas (Canary Islands, Spain),
- Le Havre (France),
- Lisbon (Portugal),
- London (UK),
- Marseille (France),
- Montevideo (Uruguay),
- Montreal (Canada),
- Naples (Italy),
- New Orleans (US),
- New York (US),
- Oran (Algeria),
- Oslo (Norway),
- Peiraiefs or Piraeus (Greece),
- Rio de Janeiro (Brazil),
- Rotterdam (Netherlands),
- Saint Petersburg (Russia),
- Stockholm (Sweden)
Indian Ocean
- major seaport(s):
- Chennai (Madras, India);
- Colombo (Sri Lanka);
- Durban (South Africa);
- Jakarta (Indonesia);
- Kolkata (Calcutta, India);
- Melbourne (Australia);
- Mumbai (Bombay, India);
- Richards Bay (South Africa)
Pacific Ocean
- major seaport(s):
- Bangkok (Thailand),
- Hong Kong (China),
- Kao-hsiung (Taiwan),
- Los Angeles (US),
- Manila (Philippines),
- Pusan (South Korea),
- San Francisco (US),
- Seattle (US),
- Shanghai (China),
- Singapore,
- Sydney (Australia),
- Vladivostok (Russia),
- Wellington (NZ),
- Yokohama (Japan)
Southern Ocean
- major seaport(s):
- McMurdo, Palmer, and offshore anchorages in Antarctica
note: few ports or harbors exist on the southern side of the Southern Ocean; ice conditions limit use of most to short periods in midsummer; even then some cannot be entered without icebreaker escort; most Antarctic ports are operated by government research stations and, except in an emergency, are not open to commercial or private vessels
Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook 2014, “Ports”, all entries. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/fields/ports/2014.